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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5489-10: 1992 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Road lighting Part 10: Code of practice for lighting for motorways Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 12:37:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5489-10:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared un
2、der the direction of the Electrical Illumination Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 August 1992 BSI 12-1998 First published August 1990 Second edition August 1992 The following BSI references relate to the work on this sta
3、ndard: Committee reference LGL/23 Draft announced in BSI News March 1992 ISBN 0 580 20930 X Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Electrical Illumination Standards Policy Committee (LGL/-) to Technical Committee LGL/23, upon wh
4、ich the following bodies were represented: Automobile Association British Lighting Association for the Preparation of Standards (Britlaps) British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd. Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Council for the Protection of Rural England County Surveyors Societ
5、y Department of Transport Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Electrical Engineers Institution of Lighting Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Lighting Industry Federation Ltd. Royal Fine Art Commission Scottish Office (Building Director
6、ate) Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments 9014May 1996Indicated by a sideline in the margin Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 12:37:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5489-10:1992 BSI 12-1998i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cov
7、er Forewordii 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Design performance1 4Choice of lamps4 5Mounting heights and arrangements4 6Design considerations4 7Hours of operation6 Appendix A Procedure for the determination of photometric quantities7 Figure 1 Highway cross sections: rural motorways9 Figure 2 Highway cross s
8、ections: lane widths and carriageway markings (motorways)10 Figure 3 Highway cross sections: urban motorways11 Figure 4 Position of calculation points in relation to luminaires and observer for a dual 3 lane layout with a twin central arrangement12 Figure 5 Position of calculation points in relation
9、 to luminaires and observer for a dual 4 lane layout with a twin central arrangement13 Table 1 Lighting requirements for motorways2 Table 2 r-table for concrete surface3 Table 3 Lighting requirements for long crossovers5 Publication(s) referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffiel
10、dun, na, Mon Dec 04 12:37:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5489-10:1992 ii BSI 12-1998 Foreword This Part of BS 5489 has been prepared under the direction of the Electrical Illumination Standards Policy Committee and is a new edition of BS 5489-10:1990 which is withdrawn. This Part c
11、an be applied to all-purpose dual carriageway traffic routes not falling within the scope of BS 5489-2. Because the motorists driving task is more critical on a motorway, where the average speed of traffic is greater than on other roads, better lighting is needed and the effect of related aspects su
12、ch as visual guidance, route selection and breaks in the lighting becomes more pronounced. This new edition incorporates editorial improvements but it does not reflect a full review or revision of the standard, which will be undertaken in due course. A British Standard does not purport to include al
13、l the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and
14、 ii, pages 1 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 12:37:03 GMT+00:00
15、2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5489-10:1992 BSI 12-19981 1 Scope This Part of BS 5489 gives recommendations for the lighting of motorways of various widths and can be applied to the lighting of all-purpose dual carriageway traffic routes outside the scope of BS 5489-2, i.e. dual carriageways wh
16、ere each carriageway is in excess of 11 m in width. The procedure for determining photometric quantities is given in appendix A. NOTEThe titles of the publication s referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS 5489 the definition
17、s given in BS 5225-1, BS 5489-1 and BS 5489-2 and in BS 6100-2.4.1 apply, together with the following. 2.1 axial median lighting a system of lighting in which the luminaires are in a single line along the axis of the central reserve, with the longitudinal axis of each luminaire parallel to the axis
18、of the road 2.2 conventional lighting a system in which main carriageway lighting is provided by luminaires on single or double arm columns, with the longitudinal axis of each luminaire perpendicular to the axis of the road 2.3 floodlighting an area lighting mode in which purpose-designed luminaires
19、 are used 2.4 high mast lighting a system of lighting for large areas in which masts giving a mounting height of 18 m, or more, carry clusters of high output luminaires 2.5 junction a motorway junction at which either connections with the all-purpose road network, or interconnections between motorwa
20、ys, are made 2.6 link road that part of a motorway providing a motorway to motorway connection at a junction 2.7 slip road length of one-way road at a junction that connects roads usually at different levels 2.8 width of carriageway (Wk) the sum of widths of traffic lanes (one carriageway only) 2.9
21、width of hard shoulder (Whs) width of the surfaced strip adjacent to and abutting a carriageway intended for use by vehicles in the event of difficulty or during obstruction of the carriageway 2.10 width of single traffic lane (Wl) the distance between traffic lane markings 2.11 luminaire apparatus
22、which controls the distribution of light given by a lamp or lamps and which includes all the components necessary for fixing and protecting the lamps and for connecting them to the supply circuit 2.12 berm a strip of horizontal ground interrupting a slope or at the top or bottom of a slope 3 Design
23、performance 3.1 General Generally the principles laid down in BS 5489-1 apply and practices are similar to those given in BS 5489-2 but, as the driving task is more critical because the average speed of traffic is higher, better lighting levels are required. The calculation procedure for this Part o
24、f BS 5489 is given in appendix A. Exceptions are the long crossovers layouts described in 6.1.4. 3.2 Lighting of the road surface To be visually satisfactory, the level and uniformity of road luminance should be in accordance with the recommendations of Table 1, which are maintained values. Calculat
25、ions should be based on the initial luminous flux of the lamp with due allowance being made for the lamp flux and luminaire maintenance factors (see 8.2 in BS 5489-2:1992). Generally the design procedure for lighting a new road should be based on the actual road surface to be provided. A black-top s
26、urface is covered by the term “representative British road surface” CIE type C2, see CIE Publication No. 66 (1984)1). The corresponding r-table is given as Table 3 in BS 5489-2:1992. NOTESee also appendix A of BS 5489-1:1992. 1) Obtainable in the UK from NIC (GB), Delta House, 222, Balham High Road,
27、 London SW12 9BS. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 12:37:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5489-10:1992 2 BSI 12-1998 Table 1 Lighting requirements for motorways For a concrete road surface, its enhanced reflection properties can be represented by an alternative
28、r-table, as given in Table 2 of this Part of BS 5489. This table may be used with advantage for lighting design calculations. However, for existing concrete roads the likelihood of a black-top overlay being put down during structural maintenance, within the expected life of a lighting system, should
29、 be taken into account. Surfaces immediately over structures, such as bridges and viaducts, can be expected to be restricted to the more flexible black-top in most cases, whether on new construction or on existing motorways. Because the viewing distance for long crossovers (6.1.4) falls outside the
30、scope of r-tables, illuminance is used as a design parameter for these crossovers. 3.3 Limitation of glare 3.3.1 Disability glare Disability glare, defined and discussed in BS 5489-1, reduces the contrast between objects and their background, so that their visibility is decreased. An object that is
31、just visible (that is at the threshold of visibility) when there is no disability glare will, in the presence of disability glare, merge into the background. The percentage by which the background luminance has to be increased to render the object just visible again is known as the threshold increme
32、nt (TI). This provides a notional measure of disability glare from installations. The value of the TI depends on the light distribution from the luminaire between 70 and 90 in elevation in the vertical plane at which the luminaire is observed, usually within 10 of azimuth of the transverse axis of t
33、he luminaire. It also depends on the road luminance, the layout of the luminaires, the mounting height and the observer position. 3.3.2 Discomfort glare Control of the TI within the limits recommended in 3.3.3 will generally ensure that discomfort glare, defined in BS 5489-1, will be adequately cont
34、rolled. 3.3.3 Recommended threshold increment The threshold increment should not exceed 10 % with the luminaire in a clean state and the lamp emitting its initial luminous flux, as in this state the maximum disability glare will be produced. NOTEOther special requirements may be imposed as described
35、 in BS 5489-1, BS 5489-5, BS 5489-6 and BS 5489-8. 3.4 Visual guidance The lighting installation should give visual guidance by revealing the run of the road, particularly at junctions and bends. This visual guidance is the aspect of the lighting which complements the lane and edge of carriageway ma
36、rkings. To avoid misleading patterns of luminaires, any change in lighting system along the motorway should be visually linked with the road layout. Unexpected breaks should be avoided, for example, by continuing lighting for one or two columns past any overbridges, gantries and large traffic signs,
37、 until drivers using vehicle lights have an unambiguous view of the road at the end of the lighting. NOTETransition lighting by gradual reduction at the end of lit sections has been considered but has been shown to be ineffective. 3.5 Lighting of surroundings The lighting of the hard shoulder will p
38、rovide a sufficiently bright background for revealing objects viewed towards the outer edge of the carriageway, but that lighting should be restricted beyond the hard shoulder. 3.6 Aesthetics For considerations of lighting in environmentally sensitive areas, see the principles set out in BS 5489-1.
39、DescriptionMaintained average luminance cd/m2 Overall uniformity ratio U0 Longitudinal uniformity ratio UL Examples Main carriageway (traffic lanes) 2.00.40.7Motorways, link roads at motorway to motorway interchanges Slip road1.50.40.7Single and 2-lane access and exit slip roads Hard shoulder0.50.40
40、.7Emergency stopping lane; generally stationary vehicles but occasional use as running lane NOTEThe lighting performance values given are minimum design values including a maintenance factor. For an example of calculation procedure see appendix A. L Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon De
41、c 04 12:37:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5489-10:1992 BSI 12-19983 Table 2 r-table for concrete surface (scaled from CIE/PIARC Table 3.7 b) CIE publication No. 66:1984)a tan g g b b 0251015202530354045607590105120135150165180 0470470470470470470470470470470470470470470470470470470
42、470470 0.25517511530520530527517510501499497486469446427420426411417401 0.5541526536533524513500486469453437400380356339339330330324336 0.75543536540521501477450421393366341311283254250251251241250251 1531536531506450396347316293274259217191186179177179184183183 1.25536533503454379316270237214194179
43、153130133130130126134139139 1.5506503480387304243200173156139124109969394949697101101 1.754764674313172371841491291079790767370706774737677 245444338025717312910789777169575754545459596164 2.5383374293170103715951474137363334363437394140 332431021010660413633302726232324262427303033 3.52772401516743
44、312420191717161416171921202120 42401941094927201916141414111113141316171619 4.5201159773020161311111111101011111111141416 51801296124141111109910910991011111113 5.515311346171110101097 6134933714109997 6.512380301110977 71117124107777 7.5100592010646 89053167666 8.58653147666 9804613764 9.5764013666
45、 10743910764 10.5643310644 11613110444 11.576311044 1260291064 NOTEBased on standard reflection Table C2 class CII scaled for Q0 = 0.10. a Obtainable in the UK from NIC (GB), Delta House, 222, Balham High Road, London SW12 9BS. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 12:37:03 GMT+00:0
46、0 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5489-10:1992 4 BSI 12-1998 4 Choice of lamps The preferred sources for luminaires, on grounds of efficacy and life, are low pressure sodium and high pressure sodium lamps as described in clause 5 of BS 5489-2:1992. The use of other sources may be considered for
47、applications such as floodlighting. 5 Mounting heights and arrangements 5.1 Range of mounting heights 5.1.1 A mounting height of 12 m is effective for motorways with dual-3 or fewer lanes. A mounting height of 15 m is effective for dual-3 and dual-4 lanes. Greater mounting heights may be considered,
48、 particularly for wider layouts. 5.1.2 A mounting height of 10 m may be used for slip roads and link roads, to cater for reduced carriageway width and reduced radius of curvature. 5.2 Lighting arrangements 5.2.1 General The following paragraphs describe where each lighting arrangement may be used an
49、d some lighting aspects. Practical installation features are given in 6.3. 5.2.2 Twin central This is the most common conventional lighting arrangement for dual carriageways. It provides clear visual guidance for the through route at junctions. It utilizes a high proportion of the available luminaire flux on the road surface. 5.2.3 Opposite This arrangement should be cons