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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5570:1978 ISO 3942:1976 Specification for Photographic grade sodium carbonate, monohydrate UDC 771.7:661.321:546.33264 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 13:22:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5570:1978 This British Standard, having been prepar
2、ed under the direction of the Photographic Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Executive Board on 28 April 1978 BSI 11-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PHS/19 Letter of intent 77/61057 ISBN 0 580 10038 3 Cooperating
3、organizations The Photographic Standards Committee, under whose direction this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: Aslib Association of Manufacturers and Suppliers for the Graphic Arts Assoc
4、iation of Photographic Laboratories British Broadcasting Corporation British Kinematograph, Sound and Television Society* British Photographic Association* British Printing Industries Federation Drawing Office Material Manufacturers and Dealers Association Graphic Reproduction Federation Her Majesty
5、s Stationery Office Illuminating Engineering Society Institute of Incorporated Photographers (Ltd.) Institute of Reprographic Technology Lighting Industry Federation Ltd. Ministry of Defence Photographic Dealers Association Post Office Royal Photographic Society* Scientific Instrument Manufacturers
6、Association The organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: British Institute of Non-destructive Testing Chemical Industries Association Amendments issued sin
7、ce publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 13:22:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5570:1978 BSI 11-1999i Contents Page Cooperating organizationsInside front cover National forewordii 0Introduction1 1Scope and field of applicati
8、on2 2Characteristics2 3Requirements2 4Test methods2 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 13:22:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5570:1978 ii BSI 11-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the dir
9、ection of the Photographic Standards Committee and is identical with International Standard, ISO 3942 “Photographic grade sodium carbonate, monohydrate Specification”, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This British Standard forms one of a series of standards for
10、photographic chemicals used in the processing of sensitized photographic materials; the others in the series are as follows. BS 3103, Specification for photographic grade hydroquinone (p-dihydroxybenzene). ISO 423 BS 3105, Specification for photographic grade p-methylaminophenol sulphate (metol). IS
11、O 422 BS 3230, Specification for photographic grade 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone (Phenidone). ISO 3299 BS 3301, Specification for photographic grade sodium thiosulphate, crystalline. ISO 419 BS 3302, Specification for photographic grade sodium thiosulphate, anhydrous. ISO 3300 BS 3303, Sodium sulphite
12、hydrated, photographic grade. BS 3304, Specification for photographic grade sodium sulphite, anhydrous. ISO 418 BS 3305, Specification for photographic grade sodium carbonate, anhydrous. ISO 424 BS 3306, Specification for photographic grade potassium metabisulphite. ISO 3629 BS 3307, Specification f
13、or photographic grade potassium bromide. ISO 420 BS 3308, Specification for photographic grade sodium hydroxide. ISO 3617 BS 3309, Specification for photographic grade benzotriazole. ISO 3618 BS 3310, Specification for photographic grade ammonium thiosulphate solution. ISO 3619 BS 3311, Specificatio
14、n for photographic grade sodium tetraborate, decahydrate (borax). ISO 3621 BS 3312, Specification for photographic grade aluminium potassium sulphate, dodecahydrate (potash alum). ISO 3620 BS 3750, Specification for photographic grade ammonium thiocyanate. ISO 3622 BS 3751, Specification for photogr
15、aphic grade potassium carbonate, anhydrous. ISO 3623 BS 3752, Specification for photographic grade potassium ferricyanide. ISO 3624 BS 3753, Specification for photographic grade potassium hydroxide. ISO 3625 BS 3754, Potassium sulphite anhydrous, photographic grade. BS 3833, Specification for photog
16、raphic grade potassium thiocyanate. ISO 3626 BS 3834, Specification for photographic grade sodium metabisulphite, anhydrous. ISO 3627 BS 5565, Specification for photographic grade boric acid. ISO 3628 BS 5569, Specification for photographic grade glacial acetic acid. ISO 3298 BS 5571, Specification
17、for photographic grade sodium acetate, anhydrous. ISO 3943 Terminology and conventions. The text of the International Standard has been approved as suitable for publication, without deviation, as a British Standard. Some terminology and certain conventions are not identical with those used in Britis
18、h Standards; attention is especially drawn to the following. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 13:22:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5570:1978 BSI 11-1999iii The comma has been used throughout as a decimal marker. In British Standards it is current practice to u
19、se a full point on the basel. Wherever the words “International Standard” appear, referring to this standard, they should be interpreted as “British Standard”. Cross-references. For each of the International Standards referred to in the text, there is a corresponding British Standard; these are as l
20、isted below: NOTEThe relevant technical requirements of BS 846 and BS 1792 are confirmed as being acceptable, for the purposes of this standard, by the committee responsible. Additional information. Attention is also drawn to the following British Standard, for which there is no corresponding Intern
21、ational Standard. Articles manufactured in accordance with that British Standard will be suitable for use in the appropriate parts of this standard. BS 612:1966, Nessler cylinders. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards a
22、re responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. International StandardCorresponding British Standard ISO/R 385:1964BS 846:1962 Burettes and bulb burettes (related: see note) ISO 1042:1971BS 1792:1960 One-mark
23、 volumetric flasks (related: see note) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicat
24、ed in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 13:22:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 13:22:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5570:1978 BSI 11-1999
25、1 0 Introduction This International Standard is one of a series of specifications for photographic grade chemicals which are commonly used in the processing of sensitized photographic materials. These specifications have been prepared to establish criteria of purity which will provide a practical an
26、d economical grade, and prevent possible faulty processing which might be caused by chemicals of inferior quality, and to furnish manufacturers, suppliers, and processors with reliable and readily available specifications for photographic chemicals of satisfactory quality. Photographic grade chemica
27、ls are those which meet the requirements specified in the appropriate International Standards. These specifications set out purity standards and state the limiting concentrations and test methods for certain inert or photographically harmful impurities that may be present. Originally these specifica
28、tions were based on known requirements for black-and-white photographic processing, but increased attention has been paid to the requirements of colour processing. Experience to date indicates that chemicals meeting these specifications are satisfactory for colour processes in general use. 0.1 Speci
29、fication requirements These specifications set out chemical and physical requirements. While it is recognized that the ultimate criterion of the quality of a photographic chemical is its successful performance in a photographic test, present knowledge indicates that, from a practical standpoint, che
30、mical and physical methods of testing are generally adequate. The photographic industry has accumulated a comprehensive collection of such chemical tests for impurities. These tests, which correlate with objectionable photographic effects, have been drawn upon in the formulation of these specificati
31、ons. Chemical tests are generally more sensitive, less variable, and less costly than photographic tests. Purity requirements have been set as low as possible, consistent with the objectives mentioned. If, however, the purity of a commonly available grade of chemical exceeds photographic processing
32、requirements, and if there is no economic penalty in its use, the purity requirements have been set to take advantage of the higher-quality materials. Every effort has been made to keep the number of requirements in each specification to a minimum. The requirements generally include only those photo
33、graphically harmful impurities which, through experience, are likely to be present. Inert impurities are limited to amounts which will not unduly reduce the assay. Assay procedures have been included in all cases where a satisfactory method is available. An effective assay requirement serves not onl
34、y as a safeguard of chemical purity, but also as a valuable complement to the identity test. All assays are intended to be made on undried samples in view of the fact that photographic processing chemicals are normally used “as received”. Identity tests have been included in the specifications where
35、ver a possibility exists that another chemical or a mixture of chemicals could pass the other tests. All requirements listed in clause 3 of each specification are mandatory. The physical appearance of the material and any footnotes are for general information only and are not part of the requirement
36、s. 0.2 Selection of test methods Efforts have been made to employ tests which are capable of being run in any normally equipped laboratory and, wherever possible, to avoid tests which require highly specialized equipment or techniques. Instrumental methods have been specified only as alternative met
37、hods or alone in those cases where no other satisfactory method is available. While the test methods set out in the specifications are recommended, the use of other equally reliable methods is allowed. In case of disagreement in results, the method called for in the specification shall prevail. Wher
38、e a requirement states “to pass test”, however, alternative methods shall not be used. 0.3 Reagents An effort has been made to minimize the number of reagents employed in this series of specifications. The methods of preparation and of standardization have been included in all cases where these are
39、not common, or where a preferred method is desirable. Details of reagent preparation and standardization are included in each specification in which the reagent is called for so that each specification shall be self-sufficient. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 13:22:50 GMT+00:0
40、0 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5570:1978 2 BSI 11-1999 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifies the purity requirements of, and test methods for, photographic grade sodium carbonate, monohydrate. 2 Characteristics Sodium carbonate, monohydrate, is in the form of
41、white crystalline granules, of chemical formula Na2CO3.H2O and relative molar mass 124,0. 3 Requirements 3.1 Assay The assay shall be not less than 98,5 % (m/m), expressed as Na2CO3.H2O, when determined by the method described in 4.1. 3.2 Appearance of solution An aqueous solution shall be clear and
42、 free from sediment, other than a slight flocculence, when prepared and examined by the method described in 4.2. 3.3 Total halides content The total halides content, expressed as sodium chloride (NaCl), shall be not greater than 0,5 % (m/m). Conformity with this requirement shall be determined by th
43、e limit test described in 4.3, when the turbidity produced in the test solution shall be not greater than that produced in the control solution. 3.4 Bicarbonate content The bicarbonate content, expressed as sodium bicarbonate, (NaHCO3), shall be not greater than 0,6 % (m/m), when determined by the m
44、ethod described in 4.4. 3.5 Free alkali content The free alkali content, expressed as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), shall be not greater than 0,17 % (m/m), when determined by the method described in 4.5. 3.6 Heavy metals content The heavy metals content, expressed as lead (Pb), shall be not greater than
45、10 mg/kg. Conformity with this requirement shall be determined by the limit test described in 4.6, when the colour produced in the test solution shall be not greater than that produced in the control solution. 3.7 Iron content The iron content, expressed as iron (Fe), shall be not greater than 20 mg
46、/kg. Conformity with this requirement shall be determined by the limit test described in 4.7, when the colour produced in the test solution shall be not greater than that produced in the control solution. 3.8 Reaction to ammoniacal silver nitrate solution The colour or turbidity produced in the test
47、 solution by ammoniacal silver nitrate solution shall be not greater than that produced in the control solution by ammonia solution, when examined by the method described in 4.8. 4 Test methods Reagents used in making the tests shall be recognized reagent grade chemicals normally used for careful an
48、alytical work. In all the directions the acids and ammonia solution referred to shall be of full strength unless dilution is specified. Dilution is specified in terms of molar concentration (molarity)1) when standardization of the reagent is required. When dilution is indicated as (1 + x), it means
49、that 1 volume of the reagent or strong solution is added to x volumes of distilled water. Distilled water, or water otherwise produced of at least equal purity, shall be used wherever water is required. 4.1 Assay 4.1.1 Reagents 4.1.1.1 Hydrochloric acid, 1 M standard volumetric solution. 4.1.1.2 Methyl orange indicator solution, 0,4 g/l. 4.1.2 Apparatus Ordinary laboratory apparatus and 4.1.2.1 Burette, 50 ml capacity, conforming to class A of ISO/R 385. 4.1.3 Procedure Weigh, to the nearest 0,001 g, a test portion of ab