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1、IEEE Std 1521-2003 IEEE Standards 1521 TM IEEE Trial-Use Standard for Measurement of Video Jitter and Wander Published by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA 6 February 2004 IEEE Broadcast Technology Society Sponsored by the G-2.1 A
2、udio Video Techniques Committee IEEE Standards Print: SH95176 PDF: SS95176 Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:22:41 MDTNo reproduction or n
3、etworking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE Std 1521-2003 IEEE Trial-Use Standard for Measurement of Video Jitter and Wander Sponsor G-2.1 Audio Video Techniques Committee of the IEEE Broadcast Technology Society Approved 11 September 2003 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: A set of metri
4、cs and methods to enable consistent measurement of the components of timing interval error in video synchronization signals is provided in this standard. By partitioning the spectra into regions of jitter and lower frequency wander (characterized as frequency offset and drift rate), timing performan
5、ce can be better quantified for consistent control over nontraditional networks. Keywords: drift rate, frequency offset, jitter, timing interval error (TIE), wander Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/111
6、1111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:22:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Elect
7、ronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 6 February 2004. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through th
8、e Copyright Clearance Center. Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mat- ter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connec
9、tion therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Eng
10、ineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:22:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ivCopyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction (This introduction is no
11、t part of IEEE Std 1521-2003, IEEE Trial-Use Standard for Measurement of Video Jitter and Wander.) Digital video signals are now being multiplexed with other services over nontraditional terrestrial data networks at high clock rates. Within these networks, the data is typically buffered to maintain
12、an average bit rate. This can induce unwanted timing impairments in the video delivery, including a new, very low- frequency characteristic called wander. Heretofore, the measurement and specification of video wander, its differentiation from the more familiar term jitter, and the associated termino
13、logy has been poorly defined. This trial-use standard was developed in close cooperation with the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, which is setting limits for acceptable timing performance of video signals transported over such networks. Participants At the time this standard was
14、completed, the G-2.1.4 Subcommittee on Video Distribution Measurements had the following membership: James R. Redford, Chair Michel Poulin, Vice Chair Aidan P. Moore, Project Leader Daniel G. Baker, Technical Editor At the time this standard was completed, the G-2.1 Audio Video Techniques Committee
15、had the following membership: Alan Godber, Chair The following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Publication of this trial-use standard for comment and criticism has been approved by the Institute of Electric
16、al and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Trial-use standards are effective for 24 months from the date of publication. Comments for revision will be accepted for 18 months after publication. Suggestions for revision should be directed to the Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331
17、, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, and should be received no later than 31 January 2006. It is expected that following the 24-month period, this trial-use standard, revised as necessary, shall be submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval as a full-use standard. David Fibush Alan Godber John J.
18、 Grigg H. Douglas Lung Wallace Murray James E. ONeal Richard Streeter Alexander Woerner Jay Ballard Paul Berger Tim Carroll Joseph Kane H. Douglas Lung James R. Redford Edmund Williams Daniel G. Baker Alan Godber John J. Grigg H. Douglas Lung Aidan P. Moore James E. ONeal Michel Poulin James R. Redf
19、ord Alexander Woerner Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:22:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Co
20、pyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.v When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 11 September 2003, it had the following membership: Don Wright, Chair Howard M. Frazier, Vice Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standard
21、s Board liaisons: Alan Cookson, NIST Representative Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Savoula Amanatidis IEEE Standards Managing Editor H. Stephen Berger Joseph A. Bruder Bob Davis Richard DeBlasio Julian Forster* Toshio Fukuda Arnold M. Greenspan Raymond Hapeman Donald N. Heirman Laura Hitchco
22、ck Richard H. Hulett Anant Kumar Jain Lowell G. Johnson Joseph L. Koepfinger* Tom McGean Steve M. Mills Daleep C. Mohla William J. Moylan Paul Nikolich Gary S. Robinson Malcolm V. Thaden Geoffrey O. Thompson Doug Topping Howard L. Wolfman Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Enginee
23、rs, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:22:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- viCopyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1.Overview 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Pur
24、pose. 1 2.Definitions . 1 3.Measurement of jitter and wander . 4 3.1 Jitter measurement. 4 3.2 Wander measurement 6 3.3 Optional combination (automated) measurement of jitter, FO, and DR from IFO data 7 Annex A (informative) Examples for measuring IFO data . 9 Annex B (informative) Terminology hiera
25、rchy and demarcation frequency examples 12 Annex C (informative) Bibliography. 14 Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:22:41 MDTNo reproducti
26、on or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.1 IEEE Trial-Use Standard for Measurement of Video Jitter and Wander 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This trial-use standard allows the creation of instrumentation technology for consistent measurements of video
27、-related time-interval errors (TIEs). 1.2 Purpose This standard defines a set of measurements to provide metrics to quantify the timing perturbations of a video signals synchronization information. The goal of this measurement standard is to provide consistent and meaningful timing measurements of b
28、oth digital (discrete-time) and analog (continuous-time) video that can be correlated to video system performance. To achieve this goal, this standard makes use of the traditional engineering concept of analyzing the timing perturbations in terms of a sinusoidal frequency spectrum, rather than apply
29、ing statistical metrics to time-domain measurements. A partitioning (filtering) of that spectrum is introduced and metrics are assigned for quantifying the timing perturbations so that performance limits, which are directly related to limitations of video timing recovery, buffering and synchronizati
30、on, can be set and verified. 2. Definitions For purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition B11, should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause. 2.1 demarcation frequency: In the context of the
31、 sinusoidal spectral content of TIE, it is the frequency that separates the low-frequency spectral components that are best quantified in terms of wander from the high- frequency components that are best quantified as jitter. This frequency may be explicitly specified by a jitter measurement standar
32、d for a particular format, such as bit-serial digital video. If not explicitly specified, a good choice for this frequency can be derived from the particular video formats drift-rate (DR) and jitter performance limits in the format specifications. However, since these specifications depend on the le
33、vel of 1The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex C. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:22:41 MDTNo reproduc
34、tion or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE Std 1521-2003IEEE TRIAL-USE STANDARD FOR 2Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved. performance required for the video signal (i.e., video production quality versus video distribution quality), different demarcation frequencies may coe
35、xist for a single video format. In any case, the particular frequency used for the measurement should be called out along with the measured wander and jitter data values. NOTESee Figure B.1 in Annex, which illustrates how the demarcation frequency separates jitter and wander measure- ment responses.
36、 2.2 frequency drift rate (DR): The time-rate-of-change of the frequency offset (FO). The preferred units of measure are parts per million/second (ppm/s) or parts per billion/second (ppb/s). 2.3 frequency offset (FO): A low-pass filtered or averaged value of instantaneous frequency offset (IFO) to r
37、educe the effects of TIE spectral components above the demarcation frequency, preferred to be specified in ppm and sampled at a rate well above the demarcation frequency. 2.4 instantaneous frequency offset (IFO): The negative of the time-rate-of-change of the TIE, or equiva- lently, the difference i
38、n rate of occurrence of the significant timing instances from the expected or ideal rate normalized to the ideal rate and preferably converted to ppm. 2.5 intrinsic jitter: The output jitter of a video source that is not processing a video input signal (test signal generator, video storage playback,
39、 camera, etc.) or the component of the output jitter of a video signal processing element added by that element (processing or distribution amplifiers, routers, etc.). It is often measured as the output jitter with a relatively jitter-free input. 2.6 intrinsic wander: The output wander of a video so
40、urce that is not processing a video input signal (test signal generator, video storage playback, camera, etc.) or the component of the output wander of a video sig- nal processing element (CODEC decoder, MPEG decoders, etc.) contributed by that element. 2.7 jitter: The high-frequency spectral compon
41、ents of the TIE that are generally outside of the phase- tracking or synchronization bandwidth of subsequent video processing equipment. For the purposes of this standard, TIE spectral components above a specified demarcation frequency are considered jitter. Other video standards and recommended pra
42、ctices, such as SMPTE RP 184-2003 B3, which defines jitter measurements specifically related to serial digital video distribution, share the concept that timing jitter is measured above some specified frequency, and timing variations below that frequency are termed wander. NOTESMPTE RP 184-2003 B3 d
43、efines several types of jitter for serial digital video signals. In this recommended practice, timing jitter is defined as timing variations with spectral components above a specified frequency, typically 10 Hz or less. Timing variations with spectral components below the specified frequency are ter
44、med wander and are not addressed by SMPTE RP 184-2003 B3. 2.8 jitter transfer: The video output jitter as a result of applied video input signal with jitter. 2.9 jitter transfer function: Dimensionless ratio as a function of frequency of the video output jitter to a video input signal with jitter. 2
45、.10 output jitter: The jitter on a video output based on the combined effects of jitter transfer and intrinsic jitter. 2.11 output wander: The wander on the video output based on the combined effects of wander transfer and intrinsic wander. 2.12 significant instance: A timing reference point of a vi
46、deo signal for purposes of synchronization of subsequent processing or distribution of the video signal. Ideally, the significant instances occur at uniform time intervals and are defined in the applicable video signal format specification. For example, on an analog video signal this may be the 50%
47、point of the leading edge of horizontal sync and/or the average of the zero- Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:22:41 MDTNo reproduction or
48、 networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE MEASUREMENT OF VIDEO JITTER AND WANDERStd 1521-2003 Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.3 crossings of the color reference burst on a composite signal. Other examples are the zero-crossings of a serial digital data stream or the beginning of data packets in a constant bit-rate transport stream. 2.13 TIE specification mask: The specification of performance limits for FO, frequency DR, and jitter of a video signal defines an implied spectral limit mask that bounds the