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1、IEEE Std 957-2005 (Revision of IEEE Std 957-1995) 957 TM IEEE Guide for Cleaning Insulators 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA IEEE Power Engineering Society Sponsored by the Transmission and Distribution Committee 20 September 2005 Print: SH95333 PDF: SS95333 Copyright The Institute of Ele
2、ctrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:03:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
3、 Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:03:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997
4、, USA Copyright 2005 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 20 September 2005. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standar
5、d for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. NOTEAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect
6、to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention
7、. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:03:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights
8、reserved. iii Introduction The guide for cleaning insulators is the result of the dedicated efforts of individuals and companies with practical experience in cleaning insulators. The information for this guide was drawn from electric utilities, suppliers, universities, related industries, published
9、papers and reports, and personal observations. Included in this guide are proven, practical methods for cleaning insulators that are considered safe and up-to-date. This revision of the guide started several years ago as the result of a desire to update and modernize the rep- resented methodology. C
10、hanges to cleaning procedures, tools, equipment, and insulating materials have been dramatic in the last several years. These changes required newer and modern techniques, which have been incorporated into this guide. The result is a guide that represents a consolidation and accumulation of methods
11、that have been satisfactorily used in the industry. During preparation, the equipment, methods, tests, and safety features were investigated. The information presented is thought to be of particular benefit to a company or industry that may be initiating a cleaning program or trying to address a par
12、ticular problem. It is also thought to be of value to those with an existing program. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL
13、 for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent ri
14、ghts. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or fo
15、r conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 957-2005, IEEE Guide for Cleaning Insulators. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with
16、 IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:03:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- iv Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants This guide was prepared by the Insulator Cleaning Task Force of the Engineering
17、in Safety, Maintenance, and Operation of Lines (ESMOL) Subcommittee of the Transmission and Distribution Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society. At the time this guide was completed, the task force had the following membership: Rajeswari Sundararajan, Chair Greg Hardwick, Former Chair The f
18、ollowing members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. D. A. Blakely Gernot Brandt Ken Brown Kristine Buchholz Thomas J. Buonincontri Jeff Burnham Tony Carreira James Cristensen Rob Christman Don J. Dodds J. Fred
19、erick Doering John Eckman Brian Erga Raymond Ferraro Stephen Frost Dr. George Gela Jim Gillies Ed Hunt Henry Kientz Clayton King Nestor Kolcio D. E. Koonce Tom McCarthy David Mitchell Shashi Patel Tom Rasler John Rumble Lawrence Schweitzer Hector Silva George Stinnett Rick Storm Eldridge Tann Jim To
20、maseski Tom Verdecchio Anthony Baker Thomas Blair Gernot Brandt Kristine Bucholz Thomas J. Buonincontri Thomas Callsen James Christensen Michael Clodfelder F. Leonard Consalvo Tommy Cooper Jose Daconti R. Daubert Frank Denbrock Nicholas DeSantis Andrew Dettloff Dr. Guru Dutt Dhingra J. Frederick Doe
21、ring Amir El-Sheikh Gary Engmann Charles W. Grose Randall Groves Erik Guillot Edward Horgan, Jr. George Karady Gael R. Kennedy Henry Kientz Stephen R. Lambert Gregory Luri Frank Mayle G. Michel Abdul Mousa Krste Najdenkoski Miklos Orosz Robert Oswald Carlos Peixoto Robert Peters Paulette Payne Thoma
22、s Pekarek Francis Peverly Paul Pillitteri Jerry Reding Dennis Reisinger Johannes Rickmann Thomas Rozek James Ruggieri John Rumble Neil Schmidt Devki Sharma Michael Sharp James Smith Joshua Smith Daniel Ward Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under l
23、icense with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:03:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. v When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 25 April 2005, it had the f
24、ollowing membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Richard H. Hulett, Vice Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Alan H. Cookson, NIST Representat
25、ive Michael D. Fisher IEEE Standards Project Editor Mark D. Bowman Dennis B. Brophy Joseph Bruder Richard Cox Bob Davis Julian Forster* Joanna N. Guenin Mark S. Halpin Raymond Hapeman William B. Hopf Lowell G. Johnson Herman Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Daleep C. Mohla Paul Nikolich T. W.
26、 Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Gary S. Robinson Frank Stone Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Joe D. Watson Howard L. Wolfman Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not f
27、or Resale, 04/21/2007 12:03:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- vi Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1.Overview 1 1.1 Scope 1 2.Normative references. 1 3.Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 2 3.1 Definitions 2 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviati
28、ons 3 4.Insulators to be cleaned 3 4.1 Introduction 3 4.2 Transmission line insulators 3 4.3 Station equipment 5 4.4 Distribution line equipment. 6 4.5 Large diameter equipment. 6 4.6 Greased insulator cleaning. 6 4.7 Resistive glazed insulator cleaning 7 4.8 Room temperature vulcanizing coated cera
29、mic insulator cleaning . 7 5.Types of contaminants. 7 5.1 Salt . 8 5.2 Cement/lime. 8 5.3 Dusts 8 5.4 Bird excrement. 9 5.5 Chemical 9 5.6 Smog (vehicular emission) 9 5.7 Cooling tower effluent. 9 5.8 Smoke 9 5.9 Organic 10 5.10 Ice/snow. 10 5.11 Frequency of cleaning 10 6.Methods 10 6.1 Energized.
30、10 6.2 De-energized 17 6.3 Results 18 7.Cleaning equipment. 18 7.1 High-pressure water equipment (2750 kPa to 7000 kPa) (400 psi to 1000 psi) 18 7.2 Medium-pressure water equipment (2100 kPa to 2750 kPa) (300 psi to 400 psi). 24 7.3 Low-pressure water equipment (1400 kPa) (200 psi) 24 7.4 Compressed
31、 air, dry-type cleaner 24 7.5 Fixed spray. 26 Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:03:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license fro
32、m IHS -,-,- Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. vii 8.Technical considerations for energized cleaning with water. 26 8.1 Leakage current 26 8.2 Working distance. 27 8.3 Water quality 29 8.4 Water supply 30 8.5 Water pressure . 31 8.6 Nozzles. 31 8.7 Grounding 31 8.8 Laboratory tests in grounde
33、d environments. 31 8.9 Fixed nozzle. 41 8.10 Helicopter-mounted nozzle 42 9. Industry practices. 42 9.1 General industry practices 42 9.2 Individual company standards/rules 44 9.3 Public/public relations . 46 9.4 Limitations. 46 10. Summary 48 10.1 Grounding 49 Annex A (informative) Bibliography. 51
34、 Annex B (informative) Maintenance of ceramic insulators after cleaning 53 Annex C (informative) English units. 61 Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12
35、:03:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:03:16 MDTNo reproduction or netwo
36、rking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1 IEEE Guide for Cleaning Insulators 1. Overview 1.1 Scope The scope of this guide for cleaning insulators is to document the procedures used for cleaning contaminated electrical insulators (excluding nuclear, t
37、oxic, and hazardous chemical contaminants), of all types, using varied equipment and techniques. Because of the great variety of conditions, practices, electrical system designs, and contamination possibilities, this guide is offered to describe a number of approaches to insulator cleaning on power
38、systems. All factors must be considered to specific situations in deciding whether and how to use the information in this guide. 1.2 Purpose The purpose of this guide is to present information on the equipment needed and the methods that can be used when cleaning contaminated insulators. The methods
39、 or equipment, or both, presented in this guide are not intended to prescribe specific procedures, but to present the successful experience of many individuals who have safely cleaned contaminated insulators. The guide is intended to serve as a reference source for a company, or persons, seeking inf
40、ormation on insulator cleaning procedures so that they may consider the experience of others in modifying or formulating insulator cleaning programs and practices. 2. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this guide. For dated references, on
41、ly the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. Electrical Equipment Washing/Cleaning, Electrical e.g., transformer bushings and surge arresters. 3.1.5 non-conducting or non-conductive: Made of a ma
42、terial of high dielectric strength. 3.1.6 overspray: A portion of the water stream that is unintentionally directed away from the device being washed. 3.1.7 polymer (non-ceramic) insulator: Insulators made from polymeric materials. 3.1.8 polyplastic: A synonym for polyethylene-coated, nylon-reinforc
43、ed hose (used in this case to carry water), usually considered to be non-conductive. 3.1.9 qualified worker: A person qualified to perform various line-work operations, including aerial and groundwork. NOTERefer to IEEE Std 516-2003. 5,6 3.1.10 skiving: The process of assembling a fitting to a hose,
44、 by trimming the outside of a hose to fit the inside dimensions of a fitting. 2 IEC publications are available from the Sales Department of the International Electrotechnical Commission, Case Postale 131, 3, rue de Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland/Suisse (http:/www.iec.ch/). IEC publications a
45、re also available in the United States from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/ www.ansi.org/). 3 The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Elect
46、ronics Engineers, Inc. 4 IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). 5 Information on references can be found in Clause 2. 6 Notes in text, tables, and figures are given for in
47、formation only and do not contain requirements needed to implement the standard. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:03:16 MDTNo reproduction or netwo
48、rking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE IEEE GUIDE FOR CLEANING INSULATORSStd 957-2005 Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved. 3 3.1.11 system voltage: Phase-to-phase voltage of the circuit(s). When phase-to-ground voltage is the inten- tion, it should be so noted. 3.1.12 water conductivity: Conductivity (reciprocal of resistivity) of water is expressed in microsimens/ centimeters ( S/cm) 3.1.13 water resistivity: