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1、IEEE Std 1124-2003 IEEE Standards 1124 TM IEEE Guide for Analysis and Definition of DC Side Harmonic Performance of HVDC Transmission Systems Published by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA 5 September 2003 IEEE Power Engineering S
2、ociety Sponsored by the Transmission and b) Computing interference levels that would result with various practical dc fi lter/smoothing reactor designs and the costs of these fi lters. Keywords: equivalent disturbing current, fi lters, harmonic currents, harmonic voltages, HVDC transmission systems,
3、 induction, inductive coordination, interference, mitigation methods, mutual impedance, noise, telephone circuits The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright ? 2003 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Al
4、l rights reserved. Published 5 September 2003. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent 1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Cen
5、ter. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:03:18 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright ? 2003 IEEE. All ri
6、ghts reserved.iii Introduction (This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1124-2003, IEEE Guide for the Analysis and Defi nition of DC-Side Harmonic Performance of HVDC Transmission Systems.) The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines for evaluating and mitigating harmonic induction eff e
7、cts from high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) lines on the adjacent telephone communication lines. Specifi cally, this guide presents methodology and approach for a) Determining the number of wireline communication circuits that will be aff ected by unacceptable interference and cost-eff ective remedi
8、al measures. b) Computing interference levels that would result with various practical dc fi lter/smoothing reactor designs and the costs of these fi lters. Participants At the time this guide was completed, the IEEE Working Group on HVDC Harmonics, which was sponsored by the DC and FACTS Subcommitt
9、ee of the Transmission however, statistical methods and/or approximation are necessary in order to keep the number of computation cases for harmonic current profi les on the dc transmission line to a reasonable level of eff ort. Copyright ? 2003 IEEE. All rights reserved.1 1The numbers in square bra
10、ckets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:03:18 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without
11、 license from IHS -,-,- 1.1 Scope This guide contains information and recommendations pertaining to the analysis and specifi cation of the performance on the dc side of a high-voltage direct-current converter station concerning the electrical noise at harmonic frequencies up to 5kHz generated by con
12、verter stations in a dc transmission system. This guide also contains information and suggestions pertaining to measurement of dc fi lter performance and noise level induced in wireline communications circuits from harmonic currents on dc transmission lines. 1.2 Purpose Inductive coordination studie
13、s for dc transmission lines have two basic aspects: a) Determination of the number of wireline communication circuits that will suff er unacceptable interference and the costs that would be involved in remedial measures applied to the aff ected wireline communication circuits. b) Computation of inte
14、rference levels that would result with various practical dc fi lter/smoothing reactor designs and the costs of these fi lters. The optimum solution can be obtained by a cost/performance study. A substantial part of the work involves identifying all wireline communication circuits in the vicinity of
15、planned dc transmission lines and calculating probable levels of induced interference for each circuit. These calculations are tedious and time-consuming, even using available computer programs, due to the detailed calculations involved and determining the exact parameters of each exposure. This can
16、 be further complicated by changes to the dc transmission line route (due to factors involved in fi nalizing the dc line right-of-way), which changes the wireline communication circuit exposures to be analyzed; changes in dc fi lter designs producing changes in harmonic current profi les on the dc t
17、ransmission lines; diffi culties in reaching agreement between power and telephone companies on limits of allowable induced interference; and short dc project construction schedules. Reaching an optimum solution can be a lengthy, iterative process. Each dc project is unique, so that a solution used
18、previously on a similar dc transmission project is not necessarily the optimum solution for the dc project under study. However, by using a simple, systematic approach to the problem and by selecting boundaries to the variation of each relevant operating parameter, the required studies can be starte
19、d early in the project and a satisfactory conclusion reached relatively quickly. One approach (Patterson and Fletcher B18) involves de-coupling the calculation of dc fi lter characteristics and harmonic current profi les on the dc transmission line (the power system analysis) from the calculation of
20、 coupling factors at harmonic frequencies between the dc transmission line and each adjacent wireline communications circuit due to harmonic currents on the dc transmission line (the communications system analysis). 2. References When the following standards are superseded by an approved revision, t
21、he revision shall apply. IEEE Std 1137TM -1991 (Reaff 1998), IEEE Guide for the Implementation of Inductive Coordination Mitigation Techniques and Applications.2,3 2Copyright ? 2003 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2The IEEE standards or products referred to in Clause 2 are trademarks owned by the Institu
22、te of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA (http:/www.standards.ieee.org/). IEEE Std 1124-2003IEEE GUIDE FOR THE ANALYSIS AND DEFINITI
23、ON OF Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:03:18 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 3. Explanation of terms 3.1
24、DC harmonics This term refers to the ac harmonic content of the dc voltage or current of an HVDC system, as defi ned in The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition B8. In an ideal bridge converter, the dc voltage harmonics have frequencies of only even multiples of the fund
25、amental frequency at characteristic frequencies; however, in practice other even and odd multiples of fundamental frequency (at noncharacteristic frequencies) can also appear due to system imbalances and stray capacitances. 3.2 Ideal converter An ideal converter is considered to be a converter that
26、has balanced sinusoidal voltage, circuit impedances, fi ring angle, and no stray capacitance, and smooth dc current for purposes of commutation, etc. 3.3 Harmonic order The order of a harmonic of the dc voltage/current is the ratio of its frequency to the fundamental frequency on the ac side of the
27、converter. 3.4 Characteristic/noncharacteristic harmonics In an ideal converter, the characteristic harmonics are those harmonics that are based on theoretical waveforms of dc voltage of a converter and can be expressed in terms of the pulse number of the converter; for example, for a six-pulse conv
28、erter, the harmonic order can be expressed as 6n, where n is an integer and, in general, the expression would be pn, where p is the pulse number. All other harmonics not defi ned by such an expression are traditionally termed as noncharacteristic harmonics. Noncharacteristic harmonics usually are re
29、latively small. However, for a practical converter, such a defi nition is not applicable, and a more precise approach is to express harmonics in terms of triplen and nontriplen harmonics (see 3.5). 3.5 Triplen harmonics Triplen harmonics are those harmonics that are multiples of the third harmonic;
30、for example, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, . . . and can be classifi ed as either odd or even. The even triplen harmonics, which are multiples of the converter pulse number (for example, 12, 24, . . . for a twelve-pulse converter), are the same as characteristic harmonics of an ideal converter and fl ow through
31、the poles of the converter (pole mode in a balanced system). However, due to imbalances in the poles, a residual even triplen harmonic current may fl ow through a ground return path. Other triplen harmonics (odd and even) are zero sequence type and fl ow either through the ground mat or the neutral
32、ground (refer to 5.6). Non-triplen harmonics are those harmonics that are neither multiples of the third harmonic nor the converter pulse number and can appear due to system or converter imbalances. 3.6 Equivalent disturbing current (Ieq) Equivalent disturbing current (Ieq) is used to denote a singl
33、e harmonic current at a reference frequency (usually 1000Hz for the 60Hz system) that would produce the same interference in a telephone line as produced by all individual harmonics. The equivalent disturbing current takes into account the C Copyright ? 2003 IEEE. All rights reserved.3 IEEE DC-SIDE
34、HARMONIC PERFORMANCE OF HVDC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMSSTD 1124-2003 Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:03:18 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted wi
35、thout license from IHS -,-,- message weighting factor (Cn) and a frequency dependence factor (Hn) for mutual coupling to the telephone line. 3.7 Harmonic performance The term harmonic performance refers to the performance of the harmonic fi ltering system on the dc side in mitigating the fl ow of ha
36、rmonic currents into the dc line. The harmonic performance may be expressed in terms of the equivalent disturbing current (usually in mA) or the induced voltage in a telephone line (usually in mV/km), or in terms of the individual or total harmonic current levels. The latter method of specifying is
37、not very commonly used in the U.S. and Canada. The specifi ed performance becomes the basis for the design of the dc harmonic fi ltering system. The harmonic performance is often specifi ed separately for bipolar and monopolar modes of operation, since the monopolar operation is usually for only sho
38、rt duration and a relatively lower performance can be tolerated. 3.8 DC harmonic fi ltering system The elements that help in fi ltering the dc harmonics are a) dc line fi lters, neutral capacitors or fi lters; b) the smoothing reactor; and c) a series reactor on the line side of the fi lter, if used
39、. These elements help to reduce the harmonic fl ow into the dc line by carefully designing their interaction with the line (e.g., resonance). The harmonic fi lters, if provided, may be single-tuned, multiple-tuned, high-pass fi lters, or active fi lters. 3.9 Induced noise/interference The term induc
40、ed noise refers to the voltage induced in a communication circuit due to the harmonics present in the dc line. Generally, the induced noise calculations are based on the electromagnetic coupling and the eff ect of the electrostatic coupling is neglected unless both circuits are very close and the co
41、mmunication circuit is composed of unshielded conductors. The terms induced noise and interference are often used in a synonymous manner and include the quality of the communication circuit and signal. 3.10 Inductive coordination The term inductive coordination refers to the general study of coordin
42、ation between the power and communication circuits to mitigate the eff ects of interference, including the remedial measures on both circuits. The design of the fi ltering system on the dc side of an HVDC system would be a part of the overall inductive coordination study. 3.11 Ground resistivity Sin
43、ce the magnetic coupling between the power and communication circuit is usually dominated by the zero-sequence component (see 3.15) rather than the positive-sequence component (by an order of magnitude or more), the resistivity of the ground circuit is a key factor in infl uencing the mutual impedan
44、ce. The resistivity of the ground is dependent on the nature of the soil, ranging from 0.1ohm- meters (?-m) for swampy soil to 30000?-m or more for solid rock. A typical value of 100?-m is frequently used for the ground resistivity. The resistivity is derived from the expression RrL/A and denotes th
45、e resistance of a body of one meter cube. Note that the resistivity is not entirely uniform for the mass of the ground; however, a constant value is generally used. 4Copyright ? 2003 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1124-2003IEEE GUIDE FOR THE ANALYSIS AND DEFINITION OF Copyright The Institute of
46、 Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 12:03:18 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 3.12 System imbalances System imbalances between phases on t
47、he ac side have a very signifi cant eff ect on harmonic generation on the dc side. The imbalances can be in the system or commutating impedance looking from the converter, or in the system phasor voltages, or in the stray capacitances of the converter and transformer, etc. The imbalances resulting f
48、rom the converter control fi ring angle can also be a cause of the noncharacteristic harmonics. 3.13 Bipolar mode of operation The bipolar mode of operation is the normal mode of operation with both positive and negative poles in service. Ideally, both poles should carry the same harmonic currents,
49、but in real life this is not so, and the diff erence between the two poles must fl ow either through ground or a metallic conductor, if provided. 3.14 Monopolar mode of operation In the monopolar mode of operation, the return current path is either through the ground, sea (water) or through a metallic conductor. A bipolar HVDC system may be operated as a monopolar syst