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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5760-4:1986 Reliability of constructed or manufactured products, systems, equipments and components Part 4: Guide to specification clauses relating to the achievement and development of reliability in new and existing items UDC 006.015.7:62-192:658.562 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun
2、sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:40:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5760-4:1986 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Quality, Management and Statistics Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on
3、 30 September 1986 BSI 02-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference QMS/2 Draft for comment 85/65700 DC ISBN 0 580 15394 0 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Quality, Manageme
4、nt and Statistics Standards Committee (QMS/-) to Technical Committee QMS/2 upon which the following bodies were represented: The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through sub-committees and panels: BEAMA Ltd.Electricity Supply Industry in England and British Eng
5、ine Group of SMMTWales British Quality AssociationElectronic Engineering Association British Railways BoardEnergy Industries Council British Telecommunications plcGAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) Ceramic Industry Certification Scheme Ltd.Home Office Computing Services AssociationInstitute of Quality Assurance C
6、onsumer Standards Advisory Committee of Institution of Electrical Engineers BSIInstitution of Mechanical Engineers Consumers AssociationInstitution of Production Engineers Defence Manufacturers AssociationMedical Sterile Products Association Department of Trade and Industry (National Ministry of Def
7、ence Weights and Measures Laboratory)Society of British Aerospace Companies Department of Trade and Industry Limited (Standards and Quality Policy Unit, Quality Telecommunication Engineering and and Education Division Design Council) Manufacturing Association (TEMA) Association of Consulting Enginee
8、rsNational Building Specification Ltd. British Gas CorporationNational Coal Board Cable and Wireless plcSociety of Environmental Engineers Cement and Concrete AssociationSociety of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Electronic Components Industry FederationLimited Engineering Equipment and Materials Us
9、ersUnilever Research AssociationUnited Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Institution of Plant EngineersCoopted member London Regional Transport Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:40:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled
10、 Copy, (c) BSI BS 5760-4:1986 BSI 02-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii Section 1. General 1.1Scope1 1.2Definitions1 Section 2. The need for reliability specifications 2.1Diversity of requirements2 2.1.1Originator and user requirements2 2.1.2Purchaser and supplie
11、r requirements2 2.1.3Marketing, design, manufacturing and construction requirements2 2.2Nature of the product3 2.2.1Manufactured products3 2.2.2Constructed products3 2.2.3End-items and components3 2.2.4Repairable and non-repairable items3 2.2.5Systems designed from existing components3 2.2.6Revoluti
12、onary and evolutionary designs3 2.2.7Development and modification of existing products5 2.3Nature of the market5 2.3.1Supplier specifies5 2.3.2Supplier specifies with purchasers option to test5 2.3.3Supplier specifies with purchaser-specified modifications or features5 2.3.4Purchaser specifies5 Sect
13、ion 3. The specification of reliability 3.1Introduction to reliability6 3.1.1Causes of unreliability6 3.1.2The traditional treatment of reliability6 3.1.3Elements of reliability clauses6 3.1.4Quantitative reliability clauses6 3.1.5Problems in applying the quantitative approach6 3.1.6The qualitative
14、approach7 3.1.7Specification of reliability for systems containing software7 3.2Reliability clauses in a specification7 3.2.1The necessary clauses7 3.2.2Function of an item7 3.2.3Criteria for failure7 3.2.4Choice of a reliability characteristic8 3.2.5The required value of the reliability characteris
15、tic8 3.2.6Operating regime and conditions8 3.2.7Reliability assurance8 3.2.8Procedure for concessions and variations9 3.2.9Reliability clause content9 3.3The specification of reliability in practice9 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:40:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (
16、c) BSI BS 5760-4:1986 BSI 02-1999 Page Section 4. Reliability clauses in particular specifications 4.1Target specification: purpose and reliability of the product10 4.2Functional specification: product design and development10 4.3Product specification: manufacturing or construction10 4.4Material spe
17、cification10 4.4.1Choice of materials10 4.4.2Selection of subcontracted material10 4.5Process specification: securing reliability characteristics10 4.6Inspection specification: inspection methods and corrective action11 4.7Test specification11 4.7.1Types of testing11 4.7.2Software reliability assess
18、ment11 4.8Acceptance specification: product acceptance12 4.9Transport specification: packaging, slinging and moving12 4.10Storage specification: avoidance of deterioration12 4.11Installation specification: avoidance of risks of damage12 4.12Use specification: operating instructions12 4.13Maintenance
19、 specification: maintenance policy and procedures12 4.14Disposal specification13 Section 5. Specification clauses relating to reliability programme management and procedures 5.1Project management: design, production and reliability programmes14 5.2Quality assurance and product reliability14 5.2.1The
20、 quality programme14 5.2.2Modifications to an approved design14 Appendix A Example of a specification for a reliability programme15 Appendix B Specimen clauses for the specification of availability, reliability and maintainability for shipborne equipment17 Figure 1 The reliability content of particu
21、lar specifications4 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:40:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5760-4:1986 BSI 02-1999iii Foreword This Part of BS 5760 has been prepared under the direction of the Quality, Management and St
22、atistics Standards Committee. Although only five Parts of this standard have been prepared at present, further Parts are envisaged in order to give greater emphasis to certain aspects of reliability and to take account of new developments. The first five Parts may be summarized as follows. Part 0: I
23、ntroductory guide to reliability. This Part is aimed at directors of companies looking for overall advantages, engineers not trained in quality and reliability to show them how reliability can help in their technical decision making, and at middle management not specialized in engineering to demonst
24、rate how reliability should be dovetailed in with other disciplines to give them the best result. Part 1: Guide to reliability and maintainability programme management. This Part discusses the essential features of a comprehensive reliability and maintainability programme for the planning, organizat
25、ion, direction and control of resources to produce systems, equipments and components which will be reliable and maintainable. This guide is concerned mainly with what has to be done, and why, when and how it has to be done, but it cannot be specific about who should do it and where, because organiz
26、ations and projects vary widely. Recommendations are given for the drafting of specifications for reliability and maintainability achievement. The main considerations for the assessment of reliability are reviewed and this is followed by details of the means by which reliability data are transmitted
27、 from the point of collection and recording to the point of storage and/or usage. Part 2: Guide to the assessment of reliability. This Part recommends general procedures for the assessment of reliability and contains guidance, for the reliability practitioner, on the quantitative and statistical asp
28、ects of reliability, such as reliability modelling, the provision of data, and the concepts of redundancy and simulation. Part 3: Guide to reliability practices: examples. This Part contains authentic practical examples illustrating the principles established in BS 5760-1 and BS 5760-2. Part 4: Guid
29、e to specification clauses relating to the achievement and development of reliability in new and existing items. This Part provides guidance on the form and content of clauses concerned with the achievement of the reliability of products in the various types of specifications that cover the definiti
30、on, use and maintenance of manufactured and constructed products. Information is also given on specifications related to the management of reliability programmes. NOTEThis British Standard makes numerous cross-references to BS 4778 “Glossary of terms used in quality assurance (including reliability
31、and maintainability terms)”. The glossary contains definitions relating to reliability concepts applicable to the guide and it is essential that these definitions and concepts be fully understood if this guide is to be interpreted correctly. For this reason it is recommended that BS 4778 be read in
32、conjunction with BS 5760. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of page
33、s This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.
34、Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:40:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:40:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5760-4:1986 BSI 02-19991 Section 1. General 1.1 Scope This Part of BS 5760
35、 provides guidance on the subject and content of clauses, concerned with the achievement of the reliability of products, in the various types of specifications that cover the definition, use and maintenance of manufactured and constructed products. Information is also given on specifications related
36、 to the management of reliability programmes. Section 2 considers the diverse kinds of reliability specification needed to cater for different kinds of purchaser and supplier, different activities and phases of the design/production process, different kinds of product and different markets. It also
37、considers the development of existing products. Section 3 is concerned with the characteristics of reliability clauses; what clauses are needed in a general reliability specification; and with writing reliability clauses for such a specification. Section 4 gives guidance on the reliability clauses t
38、hat need to be included in particular types of specification. Section 5 gives guidance on the clauses relating to reliability programme management and procedures. NOTE 1More detailed guidance for engineering products is given in the Guide to Reliability Specifications published by and available from
39、 the Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association (EEMUA). NOTE 2The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 1.2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the definitions given in BS 4778 apply together with the following. NO
40、TE 1The general concept of specification is defined in clause 6 of BS 4778:1979, together with twelve types of specification. Attention is drawn in particular to the terms relating to reliability characteristics in clause 31 of BS 4778:1979. NOTE 2In the context of this guide, the broader meaning of
41、 reliability includes availability and maintainability, and their interdependence. (See BS 5760-1). 1.2.1 designer the person that establishes the form of (designs) a product or service including architects, engineers and naval architects 1.2.2 storage specification the document that describes in de
42、tail the principal conditions under which a product should be kept while waiting transport or use 1.2.3 transport specification the document that describes in detail the conditions to be observed in moving or conveying the product 1.2.4 reliability specification the document that describes in detail
43、 the reliability requirements with which the product or service has to comply 1.2.5 reliability development testing experimentation conducted under simulated operational environments to improve the reliability of a design or progressively identify failure modes in order to eliminate them by design a
44、ction 1.2.6 reliability demonstration testing experimentation conducted on pre-production items to show, with an agreed degree of confidence, that the required level of reliability has been attained 1.2.7 reliability acceptance testing experimentation conducted on production items or samples thereof
45、 to provide assurance that the reliability achieved in demonstration testing is being maintained during production 1.2.8 stress screening testing, by means of any production or manufacturing process that applies physical climatic stresses or forces (or combinations thereof) to a product, to establis
46、h whether that product attains or fails to attain predetermined limits and to eliminate faulty, abnormal or marginal parts and manufacturing faults 1.2.9 maintenance1) the combinations of all technical and corresponding administrative actions intended to retain an item in, or restore it to, a state
47、in which it can perform its required function NOTEIn hardware this usually means restoring an item to its original condition, but in software it always means changing the item from its original condition (to correct mistakes). 1) Definition repeated from BS 5760-1. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffie
48、ldun, na, Fri Dec 01 13:40:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5760-4:1986 2 BSI 02-1999 Section 2. The need for reliability specifications 2.1 Diversity of requirements 2.1.1 Originator and user requirements A specification is a means of communicating in writing the requirements or int
49、entions of one party to another in relation to a product or service, a material, a procedure or a test. A specification may be written by the product supplier, the user, the designer, the constructor or by the manufacturer. Before embarking on the writing of a specification the originator should ascertain whether an appropriate British Standard exists. Authors of British Standard specifications should always consider whether clauses covering the reliability and maintainability of the subject are desirable. A specification may define general characteristics or it may be spe