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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5775-6: 1993 ISO 31-6:1992 Specification for Quantities, units and symbols Part 6: Light and related electromagnetic radiations UDC 389.15/.16:535:006.72 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 09:58:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5775-6:1993 This
2、 British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Systems Department steering Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 March 1993 BSI 07-1999 First published September 1982 Second edition March 1993 The following BSI references
3、relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference S/1 Draft for comment 90/54950 DC ISBN 0 580 22000 1 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Systems Department Steering Committee (S/-) to Technical Committee S/1, upon wh
4、ich the following bodies were represented: Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Laboratory) Department of Trade and Industry (National Weights and Measures Laboratory) EEA (The Association of Electronics, Telecommunications and Busi
5、ness Equipment Industries) Institute of Physics Institute of Trading Standards Administration Institution of Chemical Engineers Institution of Electrical Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers Royal Society Royal Society of Chemistry Schools Mathematics Pro
6、ject Society of Chemical Industry Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 09:58:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5775-6:1993 BSI 07-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii
7、 Introduction1 1Scope2 2Normative reference2 3Names and symbols2 List of referencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 09:58:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5775-6:1993 ii BSI 07-1999 National foreword This Part of BS 5775 has been prepared under
8、 the direction of the Systems Department Steering Committee. It is identical with ISO 31-6:1992 Quantities and units Part 6: Light and related electromagnetic radiations, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO 31-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 12 “Qu
9、antities, units, symbols, conversion factors” with the active participation and approval of the UK. This Part of BS 5775 supersedes BS 5775-6:1982, which is withdrawn. The principal changes made in this revised version are as follows: a) the decision by the International Committee for Weights and Me
10、asures (Comit International des Poids et Mesures, CIPM) in 1980 concerning the status of supplementary units has been incorporated; b) the unit ngstrm, , in use temporarily, has been transferred to the “Conversion factors and remarks” column; c) a number of new items have been added, e.g. photonic q
11、uantities and units. BS 5775 comprises the following Parts, each of which is identical with the corresponding Part of ISO 31. Part 0: General principles; Part 1: Space and time; Part 2: Periodic and related phenomena; Part 3: Mechanics; Part 4: Heat; Part 5: Electricity and magnetism; Part 6: Light
12、and related electromagnetic radiations; Part 7: Acoustics; Part 8: Physical chemistry and molecular physics; Part 9: Atomic and nuclear physics; Part 10: Nuclear reactions and ionizing radiations; Part 11: Mathematical signs and symbols for use in the physical sciences and technology; Part 12: Chara
13、cteristic numbers; Part 13: Solid state physics. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal oblig
14、ations. Cross-reference International standardCorresponding British Standard ISO 31-8:1992BS 5775 Specification for quantities, units and symbols Part 8:1993 Physical chemistry and molecular physics (Identical) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i an
15、d ii, pages 1 to 20, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 09:58:55 GMT+00:00
16、 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 31-6:1992(E) BSI 07-19991 Introduction 0.1 Arrangement of the tables The tables of quantities and units in ISO 31 are arranged so that the quantities are presented on the left-hand pages and the units on the corresponding right-hand pages. All units between two
17、full lines belong to the quantities between the corresponding full lines on the left-hand pages. Where the numbering of an item has been changed in the revision of a part of ISO 31, the number in the preceding edition is shown in parentheses on the left-hand page under the new number for the quantit
18、y; a dash is used to indicate that the item in question did not appear in the preceding edition. 0.2 Tables of quantities The most important quantities within the field of this document are given together with their symbols and, in most cases, definitions. These definitions are given merely for iden
19、tification; they are not intended to be complete. The vectorial character of some quantities is pointed out, especially when this is needed for the definitions, but no attempt is made to be complete or consistent. In most cases only one name and only one symbol for the quantity are given; where two
20、or more names or two or more symbols are given for one quantity and no special distinction is made, they are on an equal footing. When two types of italic (sloping) letter exist (for example as with , ; , ; g, g) only one of these is given. This does not mean that the other is not equally acceptable
21、. In general it is recommended that such variants should not be given different meanings. A symbol within parentheses implies that it is a “reserve symbol”, to be used when, in a particular context, the main symbol is in use with a different meaning. 0.3 Tables of units 0.3.1 General Units for the c
22、orresponding quantities are given together with the international symbols and the definitions. For further information, see ISO 31-0. The units are arranged in the following way: a) The names of the SI units are given in large print (larger than text size). The SI units have been adopted by the Gene
23、ral Conference on Weights and Measures (Conference Gnrale des Poids et Mesures, CGPM). The SI units and their decimal multiples and sub-multiples are recommended, although the decimal multiples and sub-multiples are not explicitly mentioned. b) The names of non-SI units which may be used together wi
24、th SI units because of their practical importance or because of their use in specialized fields are given in normal print (text size). These units are separated by a broken line from the SI units for the quantities concerned. c) The names of non-SI units which may be used temporarily together with S
25、I units are given in small print (smaller than text size) in the “Conversion factors and remarks” column. d) The names of non-SI units which should not be combined with SI units are given only in annexes in some parts of ISO 31. These annexes are informative and not integral parts of the standard. T
26、hey are arranged in three groups: 1) special names of units in the CGS system; 2) names of units based on the foot, pound and second and some other related units; 3) names of other units. 0.3.2 Remark on units for quantities of dimension one The coherent unit for any quantity of dimension one is the
27、 number one (1). When the value of such a quantity is expressed, the unit 1 is generally not written out explicitly. Prefixes shall not be used to form multiples or sub-multiples of this unit. Instead of prefixes, powers of 10 may be used. EXAMPLES Refractive index n = 1,53 1 = 1,53 Reynolds number
28、Re = 1,32 103 Considering that plane angle is generally expressed as the ratio between two lengths, and solid angle as the ratio between an area and the square of a length, the CIPM specified in 1980 that, in the International System of Units, the radian and steradian are dimensionless derived units
29、. This implies that the quantities plane angle and solid angle are considered as dimensionless derived quantities. The units radian and steradian may be used in expressions for derived units to facilitate distinction between quantities of different nature but having the same dimension. 0.4 Numerical
30、 statements All numbers in the “Definition” column are exact. When numbers in the “Conversion factors and remarks” column are exact, the word “exactly” is added in parentheses after the number. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 09:58:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
31、 ISO 31-6:1992(E) 2 BSI 07-1999 0.5 Special remarks 0.5.1 Quantities This part of ISO 31 contains a selection of quantities pertaining to light and other electromagnetic radiation. “Radiant” quantities relating to radiation in general may be useful for the whole range of electromagnetic radiations,
32、whereas “luminous” quantities pertain only to visible light. In several cases, the same symbol is used for a trio of corresponding radiant, luminous and photonic quantities with the understanding that subscripts e for energetic, v for visible and p for photonic will be added whenever confusion betwe
33、en these quantities might otherwise occur. For ionizing radiations, however, see ISO 31-10. Several quantities in this part of ISO 31 are spectral concentrations expressed in terms of wavelength. The definition is given explicitly in 6.9 and the relation to 6.8 is shown in the remarks column. Other
34、spectral concentrations are indicated by equations in the “Remarks” column. The subscript is used as part of the symbol to indicate that the quantity has the dimension of a derivative with respect to . Spectral concentrations expressed in terms of frequency or repetency are defined and denoted simil
35、arly, the subscript being replaced by or respectively. Spectral concentrations are also called distribution functions, for example wavelength distribution function, frequency distribution function. The name of a quantity which is a spectral concentration may be shortened by replacing the words “spec
36、tral concentration of” by the adjective “spectral”, for example spectral concentration of radiant energy density may be called spectral radiant energy density. The adjective “spectral” is also used to designate quantities which are functions of wavelength (or frequency or repetency), but which are n
37、ot spectral concentrations, for example spectral emissivity (see 6-21.22). The functional dependence is usually indicated by including (or or )in parentheses as part of the symbol, for example (). 0.5.2 Units In photometry and radiometry, the unit steradian is used for convenience. 1 Scope This part
38、 of ISO 31 gives names and symbols for quantities and units of light and related electromagnetic radiations. Where appropriate, conversion factors are also given. 2 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this par
39、t of ISO 31. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 31 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC an
40、d ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 31-8:1992, Quantities and units Part 8: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. 3 Names and symbols The names and symbols for quantities and units of light and related electromagnetic radiations are given on the following pag
41、es. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 09:58:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 31-6:1992(E) BSI 07-19993 LIGHT AND RELATED ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATIONSQuantities Item No.QuantitySymbolDefinitionRemarks 6-1frequencyf, Number of cycles divided by time 6-2angular frequ
42、ency = 2; 6-3wavelengthDistance in the direction of propagation of a periodic wave between two successive points where at a given time the phase is the same The wavelength in a medium is equal to the wavelength in vacuum divided by the refractive index of the medium (see 6-44). 6-4repentnecy wavenum
43、ber = 1/In molecular spectroscopy is used for /c. The vector quantities and k corresponding to repetency and angular repetency are called wave vector and propagation vector respectively. 6-5 (6-4.2) angular repetency, angular wavenumber kk = 2; 6-6 (6-5.1) velocity (speed) of electromagnetic waves i
44、n vacuum c, c0c = 299 792 458 m/s (exactly) When it is necessary to make a distinction between phase velocity in a medium and phase velocity in vacuum, c is used for the former and c0 for the latter. 6-7 (6-6.1) radiant energyQ, W, (U, Qe) Energy emitted, transferred or received as radiation License
45、d Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 09:58:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 31-6:1992(E) 4 BSI 07-1999 LIGHT AND RELATED UnitsELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATIONS Item No.Name of unit International symbol for unit DefinitionConversion factors and remarks 6-1.ahertzHz 1 Hz = 1 s1 6-
46、2.aradian per secondrad/s 6-2.breciprocal second, second to the power minus one s1 6-3.ametrem ngstrm (), 1 = 1010m 6-4.areciprocal metre, metre to the power minus one m1The multiple cm1( = 100 m1) is often used. 6-5.aradian per metrerad/m 6-5.breciprocal metre, metre to the power minus one m1 6-6.a
47、metre per secondm/s 6-7.ajouleJ1 J = 1 N m Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Dec 01 09:58:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 31-6:1992(E) BSI 07-19995 LIGHT AND RELATED ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATIONS (continued)Quantities Item No.QuantitySymbolDefinitionRemarks 6-8 (6.7.1) r
48、adiant energy density w, (u)Radiant energy in an element of volume, divided by that element For non-polarized black-body (full) radiation w= 8 ;hc f(,T) and The Planck constant h is equal to h = (6,626 075 5 0,000 004 0) 1034J sa. For f(,T), see 6-19 and 6-20, and for , see 6-18. See also the introd
49、uction, sub-clause 0.5.1. 6-9 (6-8.1) spectral concentration of radiant energy density (in terms of wavelength), spectral radiant energy density (in terms of wavelength) wRadiant energy density in an infinitesimal wavelength interval, divided by the range of that interval a CODATA Bulletin 63 (1986). 6-10 (6-9.1) radiant power, radiant energy flux P, , (e)Power emitted, transferred or received as radiation 6-11 () radiant energy fluence At a given point in space, t