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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5991:1989 Specification for Indirect gas fired forced convection air heaters with rated heat inputs up to 2 MW for industrial and commercial space heating: safety and performance requirements (excluding electrical requirements) (2nd family gases) UDC 697.245.512:697.317.24:614.8.
2、004.15:620.1:006.3/.8 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:23:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5991:1989 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Gas Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI a
3、nd comes into effect on 28 February 1990 BSI 09-1999 First published June 1983 New edition February 1990 Committee reference GSE/20 Draft for comment 86/73909 DC, 87/77940 DC and 88/77456 DC ISBN 0 580 17528 6 Committees responsible for the British Standard The preparation of this British Standard w
4、as entrusted by the Gas Standards Policy Committee (GSE/-) to Technical Committee GSE/20 upon which the following bodies were represented: British Combustion Equipment Manufacturers Association British Gas plc Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Chief and Assistant Chief Fire Office
5、rs Association Health and Safety Executive Home Office Institution of Gas Engineers Liquefied Petroleum Gas Industry Technical Association Loss Prevention Council Society of British Gas Industries The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard through subcommittees and pa
6、nels: Coopted members Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:23:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5991:1989 BSI 09-1999i Contents Page Cooperating organizationsInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2References
7、1 3Definitions1 4Classification of appliances2 4.1By category2 4.2By flue type2 5General requirements2 6General conditions of test2 6.1Test room2 6.2Preparation of appliance for testing3 6.3Test procedure3 7Design and construction3 7.1All appliances3 7.2Appliances designed for permanent outdoor inst
8、allation5 8Soundness6 8.1General6 8.2Complete assembly6 9Heat input6 9.1Measurement6 9.2Tolerance6 9.3Adjustment6 10Combustion6 10.1Combustion requirements6 10.2Methods of analysis7 11Ignition7 11.1Pilot burners and ignition devices7 11.2Ignition performance: burner systems with permanent pilots8 11
9、.3Ignition performance: burner systems without permanent pilots8 12Flame stability9 12.1Still air conditions9 12.2Abnormal draught conditions (natural draught burners)9 12.3Leakage characteristics9 13Flue system9 13.1Effectiveness of flue system9 13.2Flue connections10 13.3Flue breaks10 13.4Induced
10、draught fans10 13.5Air heater designed for outdoor installation10 13.6Heater with integral fan in the secondary flue (natural draught burners)10 14External temperatures11 14.1Surface temperatures11 14.2Component temperatures11 15Heat exchanger: working life11 15.1Requirements11 15.2Method11 Licensed
11、 Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:23:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5991:1989 ii BSI 09-1999 Page 16Manual gas valves11 17Automatic controls12 17.1General12 17.2Governors12 17.3Gas strainers12 17.4Safety shut-off valves12 17.5Air flow through the combustion circuit
12、and flow of products of combustion13 17.6Flame supervision system15 17.7Pilot or start-gas flame establishment16 17.8Main flame establishment18 17.9Air/gas ratio control for appliances with forced or mechanically induced draught burners19 17.10Thermostats and control of air temperature19 17.11Therma
13、lly sensitive flame supervision device20 17.12Multi-functional controls20 18Motors and fans20 18.1General20 18.2Fan motor temperature20 18.3Lubrication20 18.4Marking20 19Electricity supply21 20Manufacturers instructions21 20.1General21 20.2Installation instructions21 20.3Servicing instructions22 20.
14、4Users instructions22 21Facilities for commissioning and testing22 22Identification and marking22 22.1General22 22.2Data plate23 22.3Name badge23 22.4Appliance parts23 22.5Electrical data23 22.6Warning notices23 22.7Lighting instructions23 23Air handling23 23.1Air flow rate23 23.2Air flow adjustment
15、23 24Combustion chamber pressure reliefs23 25Thermal efficiency24 25.1Efficiency24 25.2Heat input25 25.3Surface heat dissipation25 26Air delivery temperature25 26.1Requirement25 26.2Method26 27Weather resistance26 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:23:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncont
16、rolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5991:1989 BSI 09-1999iii Page 27.1 Requirements26 27.2Rain test26 Figure 1 Paint scratch test apparatus27 Figure 2 Test duct for air flow measurement28 Figure 3 Anti-swirl device28 Figure 4 Air flow regulation device29 Figure 5 Connecting bend29 Figure 6 Arrangement of spray
17、heads and associated piping for rain test30 Figure 7 Details of spray head assembly and construction31 Table 1 Surface temperature rise11 Table 2 Valves required for natural draught systems12 Table 3 Valves required for forced and mechanically induced draught systems13 Table 3a Purge gas test14 Tabl
18、e 4 Flame supervision device drop-out times16 Table 5 Fan motor windings: permissible temperature rises21 Table 6 Enthalpy data for combustion products25 Table 7 Combustion data for test gas NGA25 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:23:
19、30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5991:1989 iv BSI 09-1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Gas Standards Policy Committee. When revised in 1983 it represented a part revision of BS 3561:1962; the requirements in BS 3561, applying to indirect
20、 gas fired forced convection air heaters were therefore superseded. This edition introduces technical changes to bring the standard up-to-date but it does not reflect a full review of the standard, which will be undertaken in due course. However, it includes alterations made by Amendment No 1, AMD 5
21、640, published in January 1988 and further technical changes to the title, clauses 1, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 21, 22, 24 and 27. The 1983 edition of BS 5991 is withdrawn. Corresponding requirements for direct gas fired forced convection air heaters are specified in BS 5990. Electrical requireme
22、nts, applicable for both direct and indirect gas fired forced convection air heaters, are specified in BS 5986. In anticipation of this standard being the subject of third party certification schemes, it provides for a claim by the appliance manufacturer of a numerical value for the thermal efficien
23、cy of a product model. The test authority will then ascertain that a sample submitted for type approval meets this claimed value within a specified test equipment tolerance. Any sample selected from subsequent production of the particular model will be expected to comply with a verification value, t
24、hat will also take into account a specified production tolerance. Another departure from established practice is the adoption of net instead of gross calorific value as the basis of thermal efficiency. This change is a consequence of European harmonization. A British Standard does not purport to inc
25、lude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, page
26、s i to iv, pages 1 to 32, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:23:30 GMT+
27、00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5991:1989 BSI 09-19991 1 Scope This British Standard specifies detailed requirements, including safety and performance requirements and methods of test, for indirect gas fired forced convection air heaters having heat inputs up to 2 MW, intended for industri
28、al and commercial applications. The scope of this standard includes indirect gas fired forced convection air heaters for use both with and without ducting, and intended primarily for space heating applications. This standard also specifies the requirements for indirect gas fired forced convection ai
29、r heaters designed for permanent outdoor installation. It applies to appliances designed to operate on normal low pressure district supplies of 2nd family gas. This standard does not apply to portable and transportable indirect gas fired forced convection air heaters. This standard does not apply to
30、 indirect gas fired forced convection air heaters with rated heat input not exceeding 60 kW and intended primarily for domestic applications. NOTEFor appliances fitted with gas boosters and/or flue dampers, additional requirements may apply. 2 References The titles of the publications referred to in
31、 this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the following definitions, together with those given in BS 1179 and the relevant installation standards and codes of practice, apply. 3.1 air temperature control a temperature-actuated contro
32、l intended to maintain the temperature of the discharged air, the return air to the heater, or the air in the heated space between specified limits. This is the normal means of air temperature control 3.2 automatic burner system a burner system in which, when starting from the completely shut-down c
33、ondition, the start-gas flame is established and the main gas valve(s) is actuated without manual intervention Automatic burners may have pilots that are interrupted or intermittent NOTEThis definition differs from that given in BS 1179-6. 3.3 automatic recycling the automatic repetition of the star
34、ting-up sequence without manual intervention 3.4 burner a combustion system under the control of a single system of safety shut-off valves. An appliance may have more than one burner and a burner may comprise a number of separate nozzles or bars NOTEThis definition differs from that given in BS 1179
35、-6. 3.5 forced convection air heater an appliance designed to provide space heating from a central source by distributing heated air, by means of an air-moving device, either through ducting or directly into the heated space 3.6 hazardous condition a condition that could result in damage external to
36、 the appliance and/or injury to personnel 3.7 indirect fired air heater an appliance in which the products of combustion are separately vented and do not mix with the heated air being supplied to the space 3.8 lock-out the safety shut-down condition of a control system such that restart cannot be ac
37、complished without manual intervention 3.9 minimum operational rate 70 % of the minimum rate of the control system 3.10 multifunctional control an assembly comprising two or more gas control devices in addition to a gas tap and any gas rate adjuster within a single housing 3.11 natural draught burne
38、r a burner that does not employ a fan for the entrainment of air, either forced or induced. The term includes atmospheric injectors and neat gas burners NOTEThis definition differs from that given in BS 1179-6. 3.12 non-automatic burner system a burner system that is non-automatic within the meaning
39、 of 3.2, i.e. a burner with a permanent pilot ignited under manual supervision Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:23:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 5991:1989 2 BSI 09-1999 3.13 overheat (limit) control a temperature-actuated device preset and sealed by the ma
40、nufacturer and designed to protect the appliance and its surroundings in the event of failure of the normal means of temperature control NOTEThis definition differs from that given in BS 1179-6. 3.14 rated heat input the appliance manufacturers declared heat input for the appropriate reference test
41、gas 3.15 safety shut-down the action of shutting off all gas and ignition energy by means of a safety control such that restart takes place only after manual intervention or automatic recycling 3.16 setting pressure the pressure, measured at the pressure test point, that is specified by the manufact
42、urer for the purpose of adjusting the appliance heat input 3.17 start-gas flame a flame established at the start-gas rate. This may be either a pilot flame or the main burner flame at reduced rate 3.18 claimed efficiency (Ec) the net efficiency of an appliance claimed by the manufacturer 3.19 test h
43、ouse efficiency (Et) the net efficiency of an appliance measured at the test house on a sample submitted for type approval purposes 3.20 verification efficiency (Ev) the net efficiency of an appliance measured during any surveillance or check testing of production appliances 3.21 heater with integra
44、l fan in the secondary flue an appliance incorporating an integral fan downstream of the draught diverter which is used to assist in the evacuation of products of combustion 3.22 equivalent resistance the resistance to flow in mbar, measured at the outlet of the appliance, which is equivalent to tha
45、t of the flue 4 Classification of appliances 4.1 By category. BS 4947 describes the category system of appliance classification in which an appliance is denoted by a category number I, II or III according to the number of gas families that it is designed to burn, these families being identified by s
46、ubscripts T, N and L for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd families respectively. This standard is concerned with appliances of category IN only. 4.2 By flue type. Appliances are also classified according to the flue system for which they are designed and the source of combustion air: This standard covers applia
47、nces of type B only. 5 General requirements The appliance shall comply with the requirements of this standard when tested using the test gases specified for 2nd family gas. Full details of the test gases are given in BS 4947. Any new features incorporated in an appliance for which no provision for t
48、esting is made in this standard shall not adversely affect the safe and correct operation of the appliance. The new features shall be examined in the light of the manufacturers claims and instructions. The claims shall be checked against the instructions and shall be valid. Notwithstanding the requi
49、rements in this standard, any new designs, materials and methods of assembly are permissible provided that at least equivalent results are achieved. 6 General conditions of test 6.1 Test room. The test room shall be adequately ventilated but free from draughts that are likely to affect the performance of the appliance. The temperature in the test room shall be maintained at 20 5 C. The air in the test room, and any external air supply, shall contain not more than 1 000 p.p.m. 0.1 % (V/V) of carbon dioxide or 10 p.p.m. 0.001 % (V/V) of ca