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1、 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION IEC TS 62396-1 First edition 2006-03 Process management for avionics Atmospheric radiation effects Part 1: Accommodation of atmospheric radiation effects via single event effects within avionics electronic equipment Reference number IEC/TS 62396-1:2006(E) Copyright Internati
2、onal Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/09/2007 06:37:31 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Publication numbering As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications
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8、t the Customer Service Centre (see below) for further information. Customer Service Centre If you have any questions regarding this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: Email: custserviec.ch Tel: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 Copyright Internat
9、ional Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/09/2007 06:37:31 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION IEC TS 62396-1 First edition 2006-03 Proc
10、ess management for avionics Atmospheric radiation effects Part 1: Accommodation of atmospheric radiation effects via single event effects within avionics electronic equipment PRICE CODE IEC 2006 Copyright - all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or
11、by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varemb, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail
12、iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch XA For price, see current catalogue Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resal
13、e, 03/09/2007 06:37:31 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2 TS 62396-1 IEC:2006(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.6 1 Scope and object7 2 Normative references .7 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Abbreviations used in the document .14 5 Radiation environment of th
14、e atmosphere.15 5.1 Radiation generation .15 5.2 Effect of secondary particles on avionics.16 5.3 Atmospheric neutrons16 5.4 Secondary protons 21 5.5 Other particles.21 5.6 Solar enhancements22 6 Effects of atmospheric radiation on avionics.22 6.1 Types of radiation effects 22 6.2 Single event effec
15、ts.23 6.3 Total Ionising Dose (TID) 26 6.4 Displacement damage.27 7 Guidance for system designs27 7.1 Overview.27 7.2 System design.30 7.3 Hardware considerations.31 7.4 Parts characterisation and control .32 8 Determination of avionics single event effects rates .34 8.1 Main single event effects.34
16、 8.2 Single event effects with lower event rates34 8.3 Single event effects with higher event rates - Single event upset data.36 8.4 Calculating SEE rates in avionics 42 9 Considerations for SEE compliance42 9.1 Compliance .42 9.2 Confirm the radiation environment for the avionics application 42 9.3
17、 Identify system development assurance level 42 9.4 Assess preliminary electronic equipment design for SEE.43 9.5 Verify that the system development assurance level requirements are met for SEE.43 9.6 Corrective actions .43 Annex A (informative) Thermal neutron assessment 44 Annex B (informative) Me
18、thods of calculating SEE rates in avionics electronics.45 Annex C (informative) Review of test facility availability.50 Annex D (informative) Tabular description of variation of atmospheric neutron flux with altitude and latitude .54 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IH
19、S under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/09/2007 06:37:31 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TS 62396-1 IEC:2006(E) 3 Figure 1 Energy Spectrum of Atmospheric Neutrons at 40 000 Feet (12 160 m), latitude 45
20、degrees .17 Figure 2 Variation of the Atmospheric Neutron Flux with Altitude (see Annex D) 18 Figure 3 Distribution of vertical rigidity cut offs around the world19 Figure 4 Variation of the 1 to 10 MeV atmospheric neutron flux with latitude20 Figure 5 Energy Spectrum of Protons within the Atmospher
21、e .21 Figure 6 System Safety Assessment Process 28 Figure 7 SEE in relation to System and LRU effect. .30 Figure 8 Variation of RAM SEU cross section as function of neutron/proton energy .38 Figure 9 Neutron and proton SEU bit cross-section data 39 Figure 10 SEU cross section in SRAMs as function of
22、 manufacture date40 Figure 11 SEU cross section in DRAMs as function of manufacture date .41 Table 1 Nomenclature Cross Reference.29 Table B.1 Sources of high energy proton or neutron SEU cross section data .46 Table B.2 Some Models for the Use of Heavy Ion SEE Data to Calculate Proton SEE Data47 Ta
23、ble D.1 Variation of 1 to 10 MeV neutron flux in the atmosphere with altitude.54 Table D.2 Variation of 1 to 10 MeV neutron flux in the atmosphere with latitude.54 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing,
24、Bernie Not for Resale, 03/09/2007 06:37:31 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 4 TS 62396-1 IEC:2006(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ PROCESS MANAGEMENT FOR AVIONICS ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION EFFECTS Part 1: Accommodation of atmospheric radiation effec
25、ts via single event effects within avionics electronic equipment FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote internationa
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34、ublication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC P
35、ublication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a techn
36、ical specification when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts, or The subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an Inter
37、national Standard. Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. IEC 62396-1, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 107: Process management for avioni
38、cs. Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/09/2007 06:37:31 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TS 62396-1 IEC:2006(E) 5 The text of this t
39、echnical specification is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 107/41/DTS 107/46/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in acc
40、ordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. IEC 62396, as currently conceived, consists of the following parts, under the general title Process management for avionics Atmospheric radiation effects: Part 1: Accommodation of atmospheric radiation effects via single event effects within avionics elec
41、tronic equipment Part 2: Guidelines for single event effects testing for avionics systems1 Part 3: Guidelines to optimize avionics system design to reduce single event effects rates1 Part 4: Guidelines for designing with high voltage aircraft electronics and potential single event effects1 Part 5: G
42、uidelines for assessing thermal neutron fluxes and effects in avionics systems1 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publ
43、ication. At this date, the publication will be transformed into an International standard, reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. 1 Under consideration. Copyright International Electrotechnical Commiss
44、ion Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/09/2007 06:37:31 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 6 TS 62396-1 IEC:2006(E) INTRODUCTION This industry-wide technical specification informs avioni
45、cs systems designers, electronic equipment, component manufacturers and their customers of the kind of ionising radiation environment that their devices will be subjected to in aircraft, the potential effects this radiation environment can have on those devices, and some general approaches for deali
46、ng with these effects. The same atmospheric radiation (neutrons) that is responsible for the radiation exposure that crew and passengers acquire while flying is also responsible for causing the Single Event Effects (SEE) in the avionics electronic equipment. There has been much work carried out over
47、 the last few years related to the radiation exposure of aircraft passengers and crew. A standardised industry approach on the effect of the atmospheric neutrons on electronics should be viewed as consistent with and an extension of the on-going activities related to the radiation exposure of aircra
48、ft passengers and crew. Atmospheric radiation effects are one factor that could contribute to equipment hard and soft fault rates. From a system safety perspective, using derived fault rate values, the existing methodology described in ARP4754 (accommodation of hard and soft fault rates in general) will also accommodate atmospheric radiation effect rates. In addition, this technical specification is related to the JEDEC