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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 598-101: 1987 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Sampling and examination of bituminous mixtures for roads and other paved areas Part 101: Methods for preparatory treatment of samples for analysis ICS 75.140; 93.080.20 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:55:15 GM
2、T+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 598-101:1987 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Road Engineering Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 23 December 1987 BSI 09-1999 The following BSI referenc
3、es relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RDB/36 Draft for comment 85/15396 DC ISBN 0 580 16207 9 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Road Engineering Standards Committee (RDB/-) to Technical Committee RDB/3
4、6 upon which the following bodies were represented: British Aggregate Construction Materials Industries British Civil Engineering Test Equipment Manufacturers Association British Tar Industry Association County Surveyor s Society Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency) Department of
5、 Transport (Highways) Department of Transport (Transport and Road Research Laboratory) Institute of Asphalt Technology Institute of Petroleum Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Highways and Transportation Mastic Asphalt Council and Employers Federation Mastic Asphalt Producers Association
6、 Refined Bitumen Association Ltd. Sand and Gravel Association Ltd. Society of Chemical Industry Coopted members Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments 10482September 1999 Indicated by a sideline Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:55:15 GMT+00:00 2006
7、, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 598-101:1987 BSI 09-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Preparatory treatment of samples of bituminous mixtures1 Table 1 Temperatures of the oven for reheating samples prior to sample reduction2 Table 2 Mass o
8、f material for each determination (excluding sieving extractor method)3 Table 3 Mass of material for each determination (sieving extractor method)4 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:55:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS
9、598-101:1987 ii BSI 09-1999 Foreword This Part of BS 598 has been prepared under the direction of the Road Engineering Standards Committee. It is a revision of clause 2 of BS 598-2:1974 which is deleted by amendment. The remainder of Part 2 and BS 598-3 are also being revised and it is the intention
10、 to publish each of the tests or collection of related tests in these Parts as a separate Part of BS 598. The complete revision of BS 598 will eventually comprise the following Parts: Part 100: Methods for sampling for analysis; Part 101: Methods for preparatory treatment of samples for analysis; Pa
11、rt 102: Analytical test methods1); Part 103: Methods for the recovery of soluble bitumen for examination1); Part 104: Methods of test for the determination of density and compaction1); Part 105: Methods of test for the determination of the condition of the binder on coated chippings and the determin
12、ation of texture depth1); Part 106: Methods of test for the determination of the stability index of pitch bitumen binders1); Part 107: Methods of test for the determination of the target composition of wearing course rolled asphalt1). Due to the different factors to be considered when sampling and t
13、esting mastics for road and other paved areas it has been decided to continue publishing the requirements for mastics as a separate British Standard, i.e. BS 5284. It has been assumed in the drafting of this Part of BS 598 that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified
14、and experienced people. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages
15、This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii pages 1 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Sidelining in this document indicates the most recent changes by amendmen
16、t. 1) In preparation. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:55:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 598-101:1987 BSI 09-19991 1 Scope This Part of BS 598 describes the methods for preparatory treatment necessary to provide test samples of bituminous mixtures and coate
17、d chippings, but excluding mastics and slurry seal, that have been delivered in bulk to the testing laboratory for analysis. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS 598, the definitions giv
18、en in BS 598-100 apply. 3 Preparatory treatment of samples of bituminous mixtures 3.1 Preliminary inspection and storage On receipt inspect the sample and record its condition and mass. If a sample consisting of a slab or a core cut from compacted material is to be stored prior to examination or sep
19、aration of courses, take care so as to minimize deformation or deterioration of the sample. Store slabs on a clean, hard, flat surface with the final rolled surface at the bottom, preferably in a cool place. NOTECores of well compacted materials made with high viscosity binders will normally keep we
20、ll standing vertically upside down on a clean bench in a cool room, but cores cut from less stable materials may require refrigeration. 3.2 Sample for water content If it is desired to determine an accurate water content, for any necessary heat treatment before sample reduction use only the minimum
21、of heat that is needed to facilitate the breaking up of the sample. 3.3 Samples taken after laying 3.3.1 General. If possible record the average thickness (or thicknesses if there is more than one course) and the presence of any extraneous material. Then remove all extraneous material. If complete r
22、emoval is not possible report this. 3.3.2 Coated chippings. If possible remove chippings by hand before starting the tests. If removal is not possible (e.g. due to deep embedment) report this and proceed with the tests. NOTE 1Coated chippings may normally be removed with a suitable tool after warmin
23、g the sample. For this purpose a temperature approximately 40 C below the appropriate maximum temperature given in Table 1 is suitable. NOTE 2It may be possible to identify and remove the chippings after extraction of the binder and if this is done an allowance for the mass of the chippings should b
24、e made in the test and the fact recorded on the test report. 3.3.3 Surface dressings. Remove any surface dressing if possible. Report the presence of any visible penetration of the surface dressing binder into the sample. 3.3.4 Tack coat or blinding grit. Report the presence of any tack coat or blin
25、ding grit. 3.3.5 Fractured aggregate. Report the presence of any fractured aggregate caused by sampling but do not remove such aggregate. 3.3.6 Multicourse sample. If possible, use a circular stone cutting saw to separate courses, particularly within core samples. In situations where this approach a
26、nd other physical methods of cold separation are impractical, adopt the following procedure. Lay the sample upside down on a clean sheet metal tray and warm sufficiently in a conventional oven just to soften the material so that the courses may be separated. NOTE 1In some cases insertion at the inte
27、rface of the courses of a paint stripping knife with a wide blade, or similar tool, will assist in the separation. NOTE 2Only in cases of extreme necessity should the separation of the courses of a sample that has broken be attempted. In such cases if separation by hand picking is attempted, test re
28、sults will be unreliable and this should be clearly stated in the test report. 3.3.7 Free water. If free water is visible on the sample, or if the sample feels wet to the touch or if there is any reason to suppose that the sample may contain water that is unevenly dispersed, break the sample into pi
29、eces, by warming if necessary, of such a size that the water can readily evaporate. Leave the broken sample exposed in a thin layer on a clean, hard surface, in a warm laboratory for at least 24 h. Then treat the sample as described in 3.4 or 3.5, as appropriate. NOTEThis process is not suitable if
30、the determination of water content is required (see 3.2). 3.3.8 Binder drainage. Report if any binder drainage has occurred and collect and weigh the drained material. When the sample has been reduced to a suitable size for testing (see 3.4), add a proportionate representative weighed fraction of th
31、e drained material to the portion to be tested. Record if the drained material cannot be collected. 3.4 Heat treatment before sample reduction 3.4.1 Heat samples that cannot be remixed by hand in accordance with 3.4.2 or 3.4.3. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:55:15 GMT+00:0
32、0 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 598-101:1987 2 BSI 09-1999 Table 1 Temperatures of the oven for reheating samples prior to sample reduction 3.4.2 Heat the entire sample or separated course in a suitable conventional oven at a temperature not exceeding the appropriate value given in Table 1 unt
33、il it is just sufficiently soft to be readily mixed and divided. Do not leave the sample in the oven for more than 4 h. NOTEThe temperature constraint is to minimize loss of the volatile constituents of the binder. 3.4.3 Heat the sample in increments in a suitable microwave oven and at no time allow
34、 the temperature of the oven to exceed the appropriate value given in Table 1. WARNING. Do not place any metal objects, e.g. containers or trays, in a microwave oven. Keep the heating time to a minimum (5 min is usually sufficient). NOTE 1Care should be exercised when using this microwave method as
35、large aggregate particles may split. NOTE 2After heating in the microwave oven the increments awaiting bulking may be held in a conventional oven, subject to the time and temperature constraints given in 3.4.2. NOTE 3This microwave method is not suitable if the determination of water content is requ
36、ired (see 3.2). 3.5 Sample reduction for the determination of water content, binder content and grading 3.5.1 Weigh the whole of the sample, or each portion representing the separate courses, and place on a clean hard surface, e.g. a sheet metal tray. Mix the sample thoroughly and reduce it to the q
37、uantity required for test, as given in Table 2 or Table 3 as appropriate, either by using a riffle box, which may be heated or slightly oiled, in accordance with 6.2 of BS 812-102:1984 or by quartering as described in 3.5.2 to 3.5.4. NOTE 1The use of a riffle box for nominal sizes of 20 mm and large
38、r is likely to be quicker and will provide a sample of accuracy equal to or greater than that obtained by quartering. NOTE 2By assuming equal subdivision of the sample after each quartering process it is possible, by weighing the original sample, to estimate whether the mass remaining after quarteri
39、ng will be within the appropriate range given in Table 2 or Table 3. If the estimated mass is above the upper limit of the appropriate range given in Table 2 or Table 3 the mass of the original sample may be reduced by one quarter. This should be done by quartering twice, rejecting two opposite quar
40、ters from the second quartering process, combining the remainder from the second quartering process with the material put aside from the first quartering process and then carrying out the procedure described in 3.5.2 to 3.5.3. 3.5.2 Mix the sample thoroughly by heaping it into a cone and turning it
41、over to form a new cone three times as described as follows. Type of binder in sampleNominal grade of binder in sampleMaximum temperature of oven C TaraLess than 40 e.v.t.b 60 40 to 50 e.v.t.70 50 to 60 e.v.t.90 More than 60 e.v.t.100 Bitumen and cut-back bitumenc Less than 200 s at 40 C60 200 s to
42、500 s at 40 C70 300 to 450 penetration at 25 C80 200 penetration at 25 C100 70 to 100 penetration at 25 C120 25 to 55 penetration at 25 C140 Less than 25 penetration at 25 C160 NOTE If modified binders are used the temperatures for reheating samples should be in accordance with supplier s recommenda
43、tions. a See BS 76 for explanation of terms. b See BS 2000-49 for explanation of terms. c Equiviscous temperature. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:55:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 598-101:1987 BSI 09-19993 Form a conical heap by depositing each shovelful
44、of the material on the apex of the cone. Distribute any material that rolls down the sides as evenly as possible, so that the centre of the cone is not displaced. Push back to the edge of the heap any larger pieces of aggregate that may scatter round the base. Table 2 Mass of material for each deter
45、mination (excluding sieving extractor method) 3.5.3 Flatten the third cone formed from the mixed sample by repeated vertical insertions of the edge of a shovel or board, commencing about the centre and working progressively round the cone, lifting the shovel or board clear of the material after each
46、 insertion. Ensure that the heap thus formed is reasonably uniform in thickness and diameter and that its centre coincides with the centre of the cone from which it was produced. 3.5.4 Quarter the heap along two diameters that intersect at right angles. Combine one pair of diagonally opposite quarte
47、rs and discard the remainder. 3.5.5 Repeat 3.5.2 to 3.5.4 until the mass remaining is about four times the mass of the sample required for the test. Then, repeat 3.5.2 to 3.5.4 once more and set aside for the estimations of water content the quarters that would otherwise be discarded. However, if th
48、e water content is to be calculated using the hot extractor method discard these quarters. NOTE 1The use of a quartering cross of wood or sheet metal, which can be forced through the heap, often facilitates quartering in cases where the material tends to segregate. NOTE 2If drained binder was collec
49、ted during the earlier treatment of the sample (see 3.3.8), a proportionate amount of binder should be added to the samples taken for test. Type of material Nominal size of aggregate in material Mass of sample for each determination mmg Bituminous mixture 503 000 to 5 000 402 500 to 4 000 282 000 to 3 000 201 000 to 2 000 14800 to 1 600 10500 to 1 000 6300 to 600 3200 to 500 Coated chippings All sizes2 000 to 3 000 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 15:55:15 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 598-101:198