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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 4815:1990 ISO 2076:1989 Glossary of Generic names for man-made fibres UDC 677.4:001.4 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:58:22 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4815:1990 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Tex
2、tiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on a date to be announced (see national foreword) BSI 10-1999 First published May 1972 Second edition November 1990 The following BSI references relate to the work on this stand
3、ard: Committee reference TCM/29 Draft for comment 87/41231 DC ISBN 0 580 19130 3 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee (TCM/-) to Technical Committee TCM/29, upon which the follo
4、wing bodies were represented: British Clothing Industry Association British Polyolefin Textiles Association British Textile Technology Group Confederation of British Wool Textiles Limited Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Cordage Manufacturers Institute Department of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of
5、 the Government Chemist) Institute of Trading Standards Administration International Wool Secretariat Man-made Fibres Producers Committee Textile Institute Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:58:22 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontr
6、olled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4815:1990 BSI 10-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii 1Scope1 2General definitions1 3Generic names2 Index of English terms, with French equivalents6 Table 12 Publication(s) referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun shef
7、fieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:58:22 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4815:1990 ii BSI 10-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee and forms a technical revision of BS 4815:1972 which will be w
8、ithdrawn on a date to be announced. The revision differs from the previous edition in containing additional definitions and in the deletion of or alteration to certain other names and definitions. BS 4815:1990 is identical with ISO 2076:1989 “Textiles Man-made fibres Generic names”, published by the
9、 International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which was prepared, with the active participation of the United Kingdom, by Technical Committee ISO/TC38. A number of fibre descriptions set out in Statutory Instrument 1986 No. 26 The Textile Products (Indication of Fibre Content) Regulations 1
10、986 accord with those contained in the 1972 edition of BS 4815, consequently BS 4815:1972 will not be withdrawn until these Regulations are revised. NOTEUpon publication of this revision, BSI Sales Department will respond to purchase orders for BS 4815 by supplying copies of the 1990 edition. Copies
11、 of the 1972 edition may be obtained by quoting the number “BS 4815/72”. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer i
12、mmunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in
13、the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:58:22 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4815:1990 BSI 10-19991 1 Scope This International Standard lists the generic names1) used to designate the different categories of man-made fib
14、res at present manufactured on an industrial scale for textile and other purposes, together with the distinguishing attributes which differentiate them. Chemical difference, which often results in distinctive property differences, is the main basis for the classification in this International Standa
15、rd; other attributes are used where necessary. The distinguishing attributes are not necessarily those by which the fibres might be identified or the same as those used for naming chemical molecules, nor are they necessarily suitable for the analysis of fibre mixtures. The generic names are also use
16、d to describe textile products (yarns, fabrics, etc.) made from man-made fibres, but it is then accepted that the manufacturing process may have modified the distinguishing attribute. 2 General definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 2.1 generic
17、name the name given in the first column of Table 1, which shall be used to denominate the fibres described in the second column and also fibres which contain not more than 15 % by mass of additives that are fibre-forming. No limit is placed upon the proportion of additives which are not fibre-formin
18、g 2.2 man-made fibres fibres obtained by a manufacturing process, as distinct from materials which occur naturally in fibrous form NOTEThe use of the terms “group”, “linkage” and “unit” has been standardized throughout the text. The term “group” is used to denote, for example, hydroxyl groups on ace
19、tate. The term “linkage” is used to denote a chemical bond. The term “unit” is used to denote a repeating unit. 1) In both the English and French languages, the generic names need not be written with initial capital letters. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:58:22 GMT+00:00 2
20、006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4815:1990 2 BSI 10-1999 3 Generic names Table 1 Generic nameDistinguishing attributeExamples of chemical formulae 3.1cuproaCellulose fibre obtained by the cuprammonium process. Cellulose II: 3.2modalaCellulose fibre having a high breaking strength and a high wet mo
21、dulus. The breaking strength Bc in the conditioned state and the force BM required to produce an elongation of 5 % in its wet state are BcW 1,3 BMW 0,5 where Tt is the linear density (mass per unit length) in decitex. Bc and BM are expressed in centinewtons. Cellulose II: 3.3viscoseaCellulose fibre
22、obtained by the viscose process. Cellulose II: 3.4acetateCellulose acetate fibre in which less than 92 %, but at least 74 %, of the hydroxyl groups are acetylated. Secondary cellulose acetate: where X = H or CH3CO and the degree of esterification is at least 2,22 but less than 2,76. a The name “rayo
23、n”, in French “rayonne”, has not been used by ISO in this International Standard because this name, used generically for cellulose fibres in some countries, does not have the same meaning everywhere. Each Member Body must determine its own position on this question and, should it be deemed necessary
24、, define that position in its national standards. Tt2 Tt+ Tt Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:58:22 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4815:1990 BSI 10-19993 Table 1 Generic nameDistinguishing attributeExamples of chemical formulae 3.5triacetateCellulose acetate f
25、ibre in which at least 92 % of the hydroxyl groups are acetylated. Celluose triacetate: where X = H or CH3CO and the degree of esterification is between 2,76 and 3. 3.6alginateFibre obtained from the metal salts of alginic acid. Calcium alginate: 3.7acrylicFibre composed of linear macromolecules hav
26、ing in the chain at least 85 % by mass of acrylonitrile repeating units. Polyacrylonitrile: and acrylic copolymers: 3.8aramidFibre composed of linear macromolecules made up of aromatic groups joined by amide or imide linkages, at least 85 % of the amide or imide linkages being joined directly to two
27、 aromatic rings and the number of imide linkages, if the latter are present, not exceeding the number of amide linkages. EXAMPLE 1: EXAMPLE 2: NOTEIn example 1, the aromatic groups may be the same or different. 3.9chlorofibreFibre composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain more than 50 %
28、by mass of vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride units (more than 65 % in the case in which the rest of the chain is made up of acrylonitrile, the modacrylic fibres being thus excluded). Poly(vinyl chloride): and poly(vinylidene chloride): Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:58
29、:22 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4815:1990 4 BSI 10-1999 Table 1 Generic nameDistinguishing attributeExamples of chemical formulae 3.10 elastanea Fibre composed of at least 85 % by mass of a segmented polyurethane and which, if stretched to three times its unstretched length, rapidl
30、y reverts substantially to the unstretched length when the tension is removed. Macromolecules having alternate elastic and rigid segments with repetition of the group 3.11 elastodienea, bFibre composed of natural or synthetic polyisoprene, or of one or more dienes polymerized with or without one or
31、more vinyl monomers, and which, if stretched to three times its unstretched length, rapidly reverts substantially to the unstretched length when the tension is removed. Natural polyisoprene extracted from the latex of Hevea brasiliensis, vulcanized: 3.12 fluorofibreFibre composed of linear macromole
32、cules made from aliphatic fluorocarbon monomers. Polytetrafluoroethylene: 3.13 modacrylicFibre composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain at least 35 % and less than 85 % by mass of acrylonitrile. Acrylic copolymers: If X = H and Y = Cl: poly(acrylonitrile ir vinyl chloride) If X = Y = Cl
33、: poly(acrylonitrile ir vinylidene chloride) 3.14 polyamidec or nylon Fibre composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain recurring amide linkages, at least 85 % of which are joined to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic units. Polyhexamethylene adipamide (polyamide 66): Polycaproamide (polyamide 6)
34、: a Forms part of the elastofibre class. b The term “rubber” is used in some cases. c The definition of the name “polyamide” given in this International Standard concerns only the technical and commercial uses of the man-made fibres to which it applies; it is not intended to cover all polyamide comp
35、ounds (of which the products called “aramids” represent a special kind), but is merely the continuation of a fibre name established at a time when polyamide fibres other than aliphatic had not yet been developed. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:58:22 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontr
36、olled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4815:1990 BSI 10-19995 Table 1 Generic nameDistinguishing attributeExamples of chemical formulae 3.15 polyesterFibre composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain at least 85 % by mass of an ester of a diol and terephthatic acid. Poly(ethylene glycol terephalate): 3.16
37、 polyethyleneaFibre composed of linear macromolecules of unsubstituted saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Polyethylene: 3.17 polypropyleneaFibre composed of linear macromolecules made up of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon units in which one carbon atom in two carries a methyl side group, generally in
38、 an isotactic configuration and without further substitution. Polypropylene: 3.18 glassb Fibre, in textile form, obtained by drawing molten glass. 3.19 vinylalLinear macromolecules of poly(vinyl alcohol) with different levels of acetalization. Acetalized poly(vinyl alcohol): where n 0 3.20 carbonFib
39、re containing at least 90 % by mass of carbon obtained by thermal carbonization of organic fibre precursors. 3.21 metal fibrec Fibre obtained from metal. a Forms part of the polyolefin class. b In some European countries, this product is also called “silionne” when it is in the form of continuous fi
40、laments and “veranne” when in the form of staple fibres. c Fibres can be coated with metals, in which case they are described as “metallized fibres” and not “metal fibres”. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:58:22 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4815:1990 6 BSI 1
41、0-1999 Index of English terms, with French equivalents EnglishFrench acetateactate3.4 acrylicacrylique3.7 alginatealginate3.6 aramidaramide3.8 carboncarbone3.20 chlorofibrechlorofibre3.9 cuprocupro3.1 elastanelasthanne3.10 elastodienelastodine3.11 fluorofibrefluorofibre3.12 glassverre3.18 metal fibr
42、efibre de mtal3.21 modacrylicmodacrylique3.13 modalmodal3.2 nylonnylon3.14 polyamidepolyamide3.14 polyesterpolyester3.15 polyethylenepolythylne3.16 polypropylenepolypropylne3.17 triacetatetriactate3.5 vinylalvinylal3.19 viscoseviscose3.3 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:58:2
43、2 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4815:1990 BSI 10-1999 Publication(s) referred to See national foreword. Descriptors: Textiles, textile fibres, synthetic fibres, nomenclature, composition (property), chemical formulae. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 30 05:58:22 GM
44、T+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 4815:1990 ISO 2076:1989 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international lev
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