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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 598-100: 1987 Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1 and 2 Sampling and examination of bituminous mixtures for roads and other paved areas Part 100: Methods for sampling for analysis Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:34:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BS
2、I BS 598-100:1987 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Road Engineering Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 23 December 1987 BSI 12-1998 First published as BS 598, February 1936 First revision as BS 598
3、, August 1940 Second revision as BS 598, June 1950 Third revision as BS 598, April 1958 Fourth revision as BS 598-1, August 1974 First published as BS 598-100 The following BSI reference relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RDB/36 Draft for comment 85/15395 DC ISBN 0 580 16206 0
4、Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Road Engineering Standards Committee (RDB/-) to Technical Committee RDB/36 upon which the following bodies were represented: British Aggregate Construction Materials Industries British Civi
5、l Engineering Test Equipment Manufacturers Association British Tar Industry Association County Surveyors Society Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency) Department of Transport (Highways) Department of Transport (Transport and Road Research Laboratory) Institute of Asphalt Technolog
6、y Institute of Petroleum Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Highways and Transportation Mastic Asphalt Council and Employers Federation Mastic Asphalt Producers Association Refined Bitumen Association Ltd. Sand and Gravel Association Ltd. Society of Chemical Industry Coopted members Amend
7、ments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments 6122May 1989Clause 4.2 9030May 1996Indicated by a sideline in the margin Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:34:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 598-100:1987 BSI 12-1998i Contents Page Committees respo
8、nsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1 Scope1 2 Definitions 1 3 General principles 1 4 General apparatus 1 5 Minimum mass of bulk samples 1 6 Methods of obtaining bulk samples from all materials except coated chippings1 7 Other methods of obtaining bulk samples 3 8 Sampling coated chippings from stoc
9、kpiles 3 9 Sample-size reduction of bulk sample 3 10 Certificate of sampling 3 Appendix A Typical sampling equipment4 Appendix B Recommendations on the rate of sampling 5 Appendix C Typical certificate of sampling 5 Figure 1 Typical sampling scoop for coated chippings 4 Figure 2 Sampling equipment 4
10、 Figure 3 Sampling shovel 5 Table 1 Minimum mass of bulk sample for different nominal size of aggregate in materials except coated chippings 1 Table 2 Number of increments when sampling during discharge from a mixing plant 2 Publications referred to Inside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheff
11、ieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:34:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 598-100:1987 ii BSI 12-1998 Foreword This Part of BS 598 has been prepared under the direction of Technical Committee B/510. It is proposed to confirm this Part of this British Standard after publication of amendment No. 2
12、. Due to the different factors to be considered when sampling and testing mastics for roads and other paved areas it has been decided to continue publishing the requirements for mastics as a separate British Standard, i.e. BS 5284. It has been assumed in the drafting of this Part of BS 598 that the
13、execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people. It is recognized that safety during sampling is of great importance. It should be noted that the work of sampling may be subject to the provisions of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, the Factories
14、 Act 1961 (as amended by the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974) and in particular the Construction Regulations 1961 and 1966. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Com
15、pliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may h
16、ave had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:34:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 598-100:1987 BSI 12-19981 1 Scope This Part of BS 598 describes methods for sampling
17、 all types of coated bituminous mixtures including coated chippings, but excluding mastics and slurry seal, used for roads and other paved areas. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS 598
18、 the following definitions apply. 2.1 increment a portion of the material, taken by a single operation, which may by itself, or in combination with other similar portions, provide a bulk sample 2.2 bulk sample an increment, or a combination of increments, taken from a mass of material. The mass repr
19、esented may be a lorry-load, more than one lorry-load, an area of laid material or a quantity of stockpiled material 2.3 laboratory sample the whole of, or representative part of, the bulk sample forwarded to the laboratory for testing 3 General principles Samples of bituminous road materials are no
20、rmally required for one or more of the following three purposes: a) assessment of the constituent proportions of the material for production quality control; b) judgement of compliance with the specification for the material; c) establishment of some property of a particular quantity or area of mate
21、rial. NOTE 1Before any sampling is undertaken, the purpose of sampling should be considered and an appropriate sampling procedure chosen. To assist in this choice, a list of advantages and disadvantages is included with each method. NOTE 2When a specific property, e.g. moisture content, is to be exa
22、mined it may be important to seal the containers during transportation and storage. NOTE 3Appendix B gives recommendations on the rate of sampling. 4 General apparatus (see6.4.2 and7.2.1 for specific apparatus) 4.1 Sampling pans, shovels and trays, maintained at all times in a clean and serviceable
23、condition. NOTE 1When sampling some bituminous materials it is advantageous to coat the equipment lightly with diesel or similar oil. If this is done the equipment should be drained for at least 30 s before use. NOTE 2It is useful to fabricate any special equipment in such a way that cleaning may be
24、 assisted by heating. 4.2 Sampling shovel as shown in Figure 3. 4.3 Sampling pan of low carbon steel, approximately 2 mm thick, and cylindrical in shape with a diameter of 240 10 mm and a depth of 75 5 mm. NOTEThe pan is operated in such a way that it can be passed transversely through the centre pa
25、rt of the curtain of material being discharged directly from a mixer or from a storage hopper. 4.4 Sample containers, clean and fabricated from material with properties appropriate for the type of mixture being sampled and for the subsequent treatment of the sample, e.g. transportation and possible
26、reheating. NOTEPlastics and plastics lined paper bags are not suitable sample containers for hot materials. 4.5 Sampling scoop capable of holding at least 2 L. NOTEA suitable scoop is shown in Figure 1. 5 Minimum mass of bulk samples For the methods described in clauses 6 and 7, take bulk samples so
27、 that the minimum mass of each bulk sample is greater than or equal to the appropriate value given in Table 1. Table 1 Minimum mass of bulk sample for different nominal size of aggregate in materials except coated chippings 6 Methods of obtaining bulk samples from all materials except coated chippin
28、gs 6.1 Sampling from a lorry-load of material Using a sampling shovel (4.1), take three increments of 7 0.5 kg each for material containing 20 mm nominal size aggregate or smaller and four increments of 7 0.5 kg each for material containing larger than 20 mm nominal size aggregate from about 100 mm
29、below the surface of the material. Take the increments from different positions as widely spaced as practicable but not closer than 300 mm from the side of the lorry. Remove all the surface material including any coarse material that may fall into the hole. Nominal size of aggregateMinimum mass of b
30、ulk sample mmkg 2024 2016 NOTEThe above minimum masses of bulk samples are sufficient to provide a laboratory sample for both the supplier and the customer. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:34:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 598-100:1987 2 BSI 12-1998 NOTE 1
31、An average sampling shovelful weighs approximately 7 kg. NOTE 2The advantages of this method are as follows: a) there is only a small risk to samplers personal safety; b) sampling is easy to perform; c) no special equipment is needed. The disadvantages of this method are as follows: 1) there is a ri
32、sk of an unrepresentative sample due to segregation during loading and haulage; 2) there is uncertainty of the precise location of material in the pavement; 3) the sample is taken from a limited quantity of material (possibly only one batch). 6.2 Sampling during discharge from a mixing plant 6.2.1 G
33、eneral procedure. Position the sampling pan of low carbon steel (4.3) prior to discharge to one side of where the curtain of material will fall. During discharge pass the pan through the falling material at a rate that just prevents any surcharge from building up above the sides of the pan. Discard
34、the increments if a surcharge does build up. NOTEAppendix A describes a typical sampling equipment arrangement. 6.2.2 Discharge from a batch-type mixer. Take an increment approximately midway through the period of the discharge of a batch. Repeat on further batches until the total number of incremen
35、ts taken is as given in Table 2 for the appropriate nominal size of aggregate. 6.2.3 Discharge from a continuous mixer or storage hopper. Take the number of increments of material as given in Table 2 for the appropriate nominal size of aggregate, during a period of continuous discharge from the cont
36、inuous mixer or storage hopper. Avoid sampling the first and last material discharged unless the purpose of sampling is to examine this particular part of the discharge. Table 2 Number of increments when sampling during discharge from a mixing plant NOTE 1An average panful weighs approximately 8 kg.
37、 NOTE 2With high rate discharge hoppers the rate should be adjusted to allow sampling to be carried out safely and properly. NOTE 3The advantages of this method are as follows: a) an individual batch can be sampled; b) material is immediately available for testing for control of plant; c) observatio
38、n of material can detect gross errors. The disadvantages of this method are as follows: 1) special equipment is required; 2) there is uncertainty of the precise location of the material in the pavement; 3) there is risk to the samplers personal safety. 6.3 Sampling from the material around the auger
39、s of the paver Take two increments from each side of the paver using a sampling shovel (4.1). Take increments only when augers are charged throughout their length. Take the increment by pushing the shovel into the charge of material directly in front of the auger and removing it when full. NOTE 1Whe
40、re easy access is obstructed by structural members of the paver, a sampling shovel blade fitted with a suitable handle approximately 2 m long may be used. NOTE 2The advantages of this method are as follows: a) there is certainty of the location of the material in the pavement; b) there is no interru
41、ption to paving operations; c) sampling is easy to perform; d) no special equipment is needed. The disadvantages of this method are as follows: 1) there is risk of segregation at the ends of the paver augers; 2) there is risk of segregation if the auger box is not correctly filled; 3) there is risk
42、to the samplers personal safety; 4) the method is only applicable when the material is accessible from both sides of the paver. 6.4 Sampling from the laid-but-not-rolled material 6.4.1 General. This method is not advisable in the following circumstances: a) for wearing course material; b) for mixtur
43、es in which the difference between the nominal size of aggregate in the material and the thickness being laid is less than 20 mm. 6.4.2 Apparatus 6.4.2.1 Sampling trays of steel, nominally 375 25 mm square, 3.25 0.25 mm thick and not more than 10 mm deep. A steel multistrand wire at least 3 m long i
44、s attached to one corner of each tray. The wire attachment is designed to withstand effectively the forces exerted during the passage of the paver over the tray. NOTEA wire of 9 mm circumference and 4.5 kN breaking load has been found satisfactory. Welded wire attachments have been found unsatisfact
45、ory. 6.4.3 Procedure. Place two sampling trays (6.4.2.1) just ahead of the paver, one on each side of the centre line of the strip to be laid by the paver. Place the trays not more than 10 m apart in the direction parallel to the movement of the paver and so positioned that the trays are not damaged
46、 by the paver. Nominal size of aggregate in the material Number of increments mm 204 203 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Dec 04 16:34:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 598-100:1987 BSI 12-19983 Lay the wires connected to the trays as flat as possible on the surface to
47、be covered, with the free ends of the wires outside the area to be covered. Prevent the wires from being entangled with the paver. After the material has been laid raise the wires to locate the trays. Lift the corners of the trays by the wires and ease the trays across the laid material. Combine the
48、 two increments so obtained to form the bulk sample. NOTEThe advantages of this method are as follows: a) there is certainty of the location of the material in the pavement; b) there is a minimal risk of segregation; c) there is no interruption to paving operations; d) there is little risk to the sa
49、mplers personal safety. The disadvantages of this method are as follows: 1) there is a possibility of affecting the finished surface; 2) labour requirements are increased; 3) special equipment is required; 4) there is some possibility of the trays being displaced. 7 Other methods of obtaining bulk samples 7.1 Sampling of workable material in heaps Using a sampling shovel (4.1), take three increments of 7 0.5 kg each for material containing 20 mm nominal size aggregate or smaller and four increments of 7 0.5 kg each for material containing