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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6187:1982 Code of practice for Demolition UDC 69.059.62 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 15:36:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6187:1982 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Civil Engineering and Building St
2、ructures Standards Committee was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 26 February 1982 BSI 01-1999 First published, as CP 94, May 1971 First revision, as BS 6187, February 1982 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference
3、 CSB/37 Draft for comment 80/11126 DC ISBN 0 580 12539 4 Cooperating organizations The Civil Engineering and Building Structures Standards Committee, under whose direction this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following: The organizations marked with an asterisk in
4、 the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the Technical Committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: Aluminium FederationDepartment of the Environment (Water Association of Consulting EngineersEngineering Division, including water Data Brick Dev
5、elopment AssociationUnit) British Constructional Steelwork AssociationDepartment of Transport British Precast Concrete Federation LtdFederation of Civil Engineering Contractors British Steel IndustryHealth and Safety Executive* Cement and Concrete AssociationInstitution of Civil Engineers* Concrete
6、Society Limited*Institution of Municipal Engineers* Consumer Standards Advisory Committee ofInstitution of Public Health Engineers BSIInstitution of Structural Engineers* Convention of Scottish Local AuthoritiesInstitution of Water Engineers and Scientists County Surveyors SocietyMinistry of Agricul
7、ture, Fisheries and Food Department of the Environment (BuildingNational Federation of Building Trades Research Establishment)*Employers Department of the Environment (Housing andNational Water Council Construction)Royal Institute of British Architects* Department of the Environment (PSA)Scottish De
8、velopment Department* Department of the Environment (Transport and Timber Research and Development Association Road Research Laboratory)Trades Union Congress Association of Metropolitan AuthoritiesNational Federation of Master Steeplejacks and Construction Health and Safety GroupLightning Conductor
9、Engineers District Surveyors AssociationNational Joint Utilities Group Greater London CouncilRoyal Institution of Chartered Surveyors National Federation of Demolition Contractors Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06
10、 15:36:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6187:1982 BSI 01-1999i Contents Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover Forewordiii 1Scope1 2References 1 3Definitions1 4Preliminary procedures2 4.1Survey2 4.2Trees6 4.3Materials6 4.4Scaffolding and shoring6 4.5Access and road closure
11、s7 4.6Administrative aspects7 5Protective precautions 8 5.1General 8 5.2Safety of personnel on site 8 5.3Safety and convenience of third parties 9 5.4Protection of property 10 6Methods of demolition 10 6.1General 10 6.2Hand demolition 11 6.3Mechanical demolition by pusher arm 11 6.4Mechanical demoli
12、tion by deliberate collapse 11 6.5Mechanical demolition by demolition ball 13 6.6Mechanical demolition by wire rope pulling 14 6.7Demolition by explosives 14 6.8Other methods of demolition15 7Typical methods of demolition of various types and elements of structure 16 7.1Small and medium dwellings (n
13、ot exceeding 10 m in height) 16 7.2Large buildings with loadbearing walls (three storeys and over) 16 7.3Framed structures 17 7.4Cantilevers (not part of a framed structure) 25 7.5Bridges 25 7.6Masonry and brickwork arches 25 7.7Independent chimneys 26 7.8Spires 27 7.9Pylons and masts 30 7.10 Petrol
14、eum tanks in the ground 30 7.11 Storage tanks above ground 32 7.12 Chemical works, gas works and similar establishments 32 7.13 Basements 32 7.14 Special structures 33 Appendix A Health and Safety Executive publications 34 Appendix B Current legislation relevant to construction and demolition 34 Fig
15、ure 1 Definitions of buildings 3 Figure 2 Demolition of filler joist floors 17 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 15:36:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6187:1982 ii BSI 01-1999 Page Figure 3 Demolition of jack arches 18 Figure 4 Hand demolition of in situ reinfor
16、ced concrete structures 19 Figure 5 End details of prestressed members 22 Figure 6 Post-tensioned beams 24 Figure 7 Demolition of masonry and brickwork arches 28 Figure 8 Demolition of masonry and brick chimneys 29 Figure 9 Demolition of masonry spires 30 Figure 10 Demolition of pylons and masts 31
17、Table 1 Guide to typical methods of demolition 12 Publications referred to Inside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 15:36:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6187:1982 BSI 01-1999iii Foreword This revised code of practice has been prepared under the direc
18、tion of the Civil Engineering and Building Structures Standards Committee. It supersedes CP 94, which is hereby withdrawn. Demolition is a skilled and sometimes dangerous operation and requires special procedures if it is to be carried out successfully; this code has been prepared with the object of
19、 formulating the discipline to which those procedures should conform. It is intended for the use of all those involved or engaged in demolition or in the preparation, supervision and execution of demolition contracts. In revising CP 94, which was first published in 1971, the Technical Committee has
20、taken account of developments in techniques, plant and machinery and of new legislation. In particular, the clause dealing with prestressed structures has been considerably expanded. The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and the Construction (General Provisions) Regulations 1961 place duties u
21、pon employers regarding the training, competence and experience of employees to ensure their health and safety. It is recommended in the report of the Joint Advisory Committee on Safety and Health in the Construction Industries that priority be given to training in particular those who are in immedi
22、ate control of demolition work. The importance of training supervisors, foremen and operatives in correct methods of demolition and safe working practices cannot be over-stressed and it is strongly recommended that full use be made of the training facilities available to the industry. Adequate and e
23、ffective training is regarded as an essential factor in preventing accidents at demolition sites. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. This code of practice represents a st
24、andard of good practice and therefore takes the form of recommendations. Compliance with it does not confer immunity from relevant statutory and legal requirements. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 36, an inside back cover and a
25、 back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 15:36:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Lice
26、nsed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 15:36:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6187:1982 BSI 01-19991 1 Scope This British Standard gives recommendations for various aspects of demolition work. It includes basic considerations and recommended methods of demolition of diffe
27、rent types of structure, provides a basis for a logical approach to safe procedures and offers advice on safety precautions and statutory requirements. It is not a comprehensive guide to the law. No specific recommendations are made concerning under-pinning or excavation works or shores and these sh
28、ould be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of CP 2004. A list of relevant Health and Safety Executive publications is given in Appendix A. 2 References The titles of the standards publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 3 Definitions For the pur
29、poses of this British Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 adjoining owner the freeholder, owner, lessee, tenant or authorized occupier of an adjoining property 3.2 balling mechanical demolition by the controlled swinging or dropping of a demolition ball suspended from a suitable lifting d
30、evice 3.3 blast mats a protective covering of sufficient strength and weight and of fine enough mesh to contain flying debris during blasting operations 3.4 Buildings (see also Figure 1) 3.4.1 detached building on an isolated site a building having a clear space on all sides of at least twice the ma
31、ximum height of the section of building to be demolished 3.4.2 detached building on a confined site a building having a clear space on all sides different from that defined in 3.4.1 3.4.3 attached building on an isolated site a building attached on at least one side and having a clear space on all o
32、ther sides of at least twice the maximum height of the section of building to be demolished 3.4.4 attached building on a confined site a building attached on at least one side and having a clear space on all other sides different from that defined in 3.4.3 NOTE to 3.4In this standard, “clear space”
33、does not include any areas outside the boundaries of the site. 3.5 building owner a person having the right to demolish or partly demolish a building, plant or other structure by virtue of legal ownership or other legal authority 3.6 chute an enclosed shaft used to transfer debris from one level to
34、another, set at an angle to prevent free-falling debris 3.7 cryogenics the branch of engineering concerned with very low temperatures (usually taken to be below 100 C) 3.8 demolition ball a cast steel weight with eyes and fixings, suspended from a lifting appliance and used to demolish a structure 3
35、.9 demolition contractor a person, company or organization carrying out the demolition 3.10 fan a protective screen fixed to the face of a building to contain falling debris during demolition 3.11 felling the deliberate collapse of a structure such that the debris falls in a pre-determined area 3.12
36、 gas expansion burster a steel cylinder containing a pressurized gas that expands with great force when energized by an electric current Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 15:36:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6187:1982 2 BSI 01-1999 3.13 grapple a powered claw,
37、mounted on a base machine for use in handling waste material 3.14 high balling balling operations carried out on buildings or structures in excess of 30 m in height 3.15 hot work the application of heat (including the use of tools that can produce an incendive spark) to plant, tanks or vessels that
38、contain or have contained flammable substances 3.16 hydraulic burster a steel cylinder fitted with a number of pistons or wedge arrangements that are forced out under hydraulic pressure 3.17 hydraulic cannon a device mounted upon an excavator and used for splitting a mass by projecting a one-shot ch
39、arge of water into a predrilled hole 3.18 jib derricking angular movement of a crane jib in a vertical plane 3.19 machine-mounted impact hammer a large breaker mounted on an excavator and powered either by hydraulics or by compressed air 3.20 pulling rope a wire rope, used in conjunction with an anc
40、hored winch or attached to a tracked or heavy vehicle, to pull down a selected part of a building 3.21 purpose-built grab a grab, suspended from an excavator or crane, specially designed and strengthened for use in demolition 3.22 pusher arm a steel attachment fixed to an extended jib arm on mechani
41、cally operated mobile equipment 3.23 shear a powered, scissor-action cutting tool, mounted on a base machine, for use in cutting metal 3.24 shoring a system of temporary supports to prevent movement 3.25 slewing rotary motion of a crane jib or load about a vertical axis 3.26 thermal reaction a react
42、ion producing heat, used to weaken structural steel members 3.27 thermic lance a steel tube, sometimes packed with metal rods, through which oxygen is passed 4 Preliminary procedures 4.1 Survey 4.1.1 General. Before any works of demolition are started, a detailed survey and examination of the buildi
43、ng or structure and its curtilage should be made, and recorded and kept available for inspection. Photographs should be taken where necessary. Special care should be taken when entering and surveying buidings affected by fire or blast damage. All available plans of the building or buildings should b
44、e examined; where the nature of the construction is uncertain, a special site investigation should be carried out. Where there is doubt concerning the design of the structural arrangements, the opinion and advice of an engineer experienced in such work should be sought. The relationship and conditio
45、n of the adjoining property and other properties that may be affected by the demolition should also be considered, taking into account the existence of easements, wayleaves, party rights, boundary walls, etc. The possible effect of ground or structural tremors caused by falling rubble may need to be
46、 considered when work is carried out in the vicinity of hospitals and other buildings containing equipment sensitive to shock and vibration. The possible modifying effects of the local ground structure and geological strata on the dispersion of such tremors should also be borne in mind. Licensed Cop
47、y: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 15:36:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6187:1982 BSI 01-19993 Figure 1 Definitions of buildings (see 3.4) Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 15:36:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6187:1982 4 BSI 01-1999 W
48、hen the building owner has information available about hazards likely to be encountered during the demolition process, he should make it available to the contractor when inviting tenders for the demolition work. Such information should take account of the possibility of drains, sewers or special ser
49、vices passing through or on his property. If there are any benchmarks on the building to be demolished, the Ordinance Survey should be informed, in order that it may take appropriate action. 4.1.2 Features of the structure 4.1.2.1 General. During the survey, particular attention should be given to the nature of the construction of the building or structure, especially to those components or services detailed in 4.1.2.2 to 4.1.2.9. Also, the building or structure should be examined and, if necessary, tests be carried out, to determine its condition a