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1、Reference number ISO 105-A08:2001(E) ISO 2001 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 105-A08 First edition 2001-04-01 Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part A08: Vocabulary used in colour measurement Textiles Essais de solidit des teintures Partie A08: Vocabulaire relatif au mesurage de la couleur Copyright In
2、ternational Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 21:00:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 105-A08:2001(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contai
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4、ty of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation param
5、eters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2001 All rights reserved. Unless otherwis
6、e specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright of
7、fice Case postale 56 ? CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2001 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical S
8、tandards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 21:00:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 105-A08:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reservediii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bo
9、dies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizatio
10、ns, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the
11、ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that so
12、me of the elements of this part of ISO 105 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 105-A08 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles, Subcommittee SC 1, Tests for coloured textiles
13、and colorants. ISO 105 was previously published in thirteen “parts”, each designated by a letter (e.g. “Part A”), with publication dates between 1978 and 1985. Each part contained a series of “sections”, each designated by the respective part letter and by a two-digit serial number (e.g. “Section A0
14、1”). These sections are now being republished as separate documents, themselves designated “parts” but retaining their earlier alphanumeric designations. A complete list of these parts is given in ISO 105-A01. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license wit
15、h ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 21:00:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/99725
16、45001 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 21:00:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 105-A08:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved1 Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part A08: Vocabulary used in colour measurement 1Scope This part of ISO 105 s
17、pecifies the terms and definitions on colour measurements that are used throughout ISO 105. These definitions are intended to be used only within the context and scope of ISO 105. 2Terms and definitions 2.1 chroma attribute of colour used to indicate the degree of departure of the colour from a grey
18、 of the same lightness NOTEC*abis the metric chroma defined in the CIELAB equation. 2.2 CIE 1976,L*,a*,b* colour space CIELAB colour space transform of CIE tristimulus values into an approximately uniform, three dimensional, opponent colour space NOTEIts opponent variables are lightness-darkness (L*
19、), redness-greenness (a*) and yellowness-blueness (b*). The last two may be further transformed into those of chroma (C*ab) and hue (hab). 2.3 CIE 1976,L*,a*,b* colour difference CIELAB colour difference ?E*ab Euclidean distance between the points representing a test specimen and its reference speci
20、men in CIELAB colour space 2.4 CIE chromaticity coordinates ratios of each of the members of a set of CIE tristimulus values to their sum NOTEThe corresponding symbols are x10, y10and z10for X10, Y10and Z10, and x, y and z for X, Y and Z. Since x10+ y10+ z10= 1 and x + y + z = 1, x10and y10or x and
21、y suffice to define chromaticity. 2.5 CIE standard observer data relative amounts of three defined colour stimuli required, when mixed additively, by the average observer to match radiation at each wavelength of the visible spectrum under defined viewing conditions NOTEThe CIE defines the 1931 (2) s
22、tandard colorimetric observer and 1964 (10) supplementary standard colorimetric observer. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 21:00:41 MDTNo reproduction or networkin
23、g permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 105-A08:2001(E) 2 ISO 2001 All rights reserved 2.6 CIE standard illuminant data spectral power distributions of illuminants which the CIE has defined as standard NOTEThose relevant to ISO 105 are designated A (representative of tungsten lighting), C (av
24、erage daylight) and D65 (average daylight including the ultraviolet region). The CIE also defines the F series (F1 to F12) of recommended illuminants representative of various fluorescent discharge lamps. 2.7 CIE tristimulus values amounts of three non-real reference colours required to give a colou
25、r match to the colour stimulus considered and defined by the CIE for the CIE 1931 (2) and 1964 supplementary (10) standard colorimetric observers and for particular conditions of illumination NOTECorresponding symbols are X, Y and Z for the 2 and X10, Y10and Z10for the 10 observers. 2.8 colour chang
26、e change in colour of any kind, whether in lightness, chroma or hue, or any combination of them, discernible by comparing a test specimen with its corresponding reference specimen 2.9 colorimeter tristimulus colorimeter instrument designed to measure the colour of an object directly in terms of CIE
27、tristimulus values NOTEApplications of colorimeters within ISO 105 are limited. 2.10 colourant chemical substance which is applied to a substrate for the express purpose of changing the reflectance or transmittance of visible light 2.11 ?E ?colour-difference evaluation?single number defining the tot
28、al colour difference between a test specimen and its reference specimen NOTEThere are many equations for evaluating colour difference and the derivation of ?E is identified by superscript and/or subscript character(s) e.g. ?Ecmcfor CMC (Colour Measurement Committee) colour difference and ?E*abfor CI
29、ELAB colour difference. 2.12 depth that colour quality which is primarily associated with an increase in the quantity of colourant present, all other conditions (substrate, colourant(s), application method and viewing conditions) remaining the same 2.13 fluorescent whitening agent FWA colourant that
30、 absorbs near-ultraviolet radiation and emits primarily violet-blue radiation NOTEThis causes a yellowish material to which it has been applied to appear whiter. This term is preferred to optical brighting agent (OBA). 2.14 grey scale series of neutrally coloured pairs of chips, one pair showing zer
31、o contrast and the other pair showing increasing contrast, used in the visual assessment of the contrast between reference and test specimen pairs (e.g. in fastness testing) for the purpose of assigning a numerical rating Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under
32、 license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 21:00:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 105-A08:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved3 NOTEThere are, in common use, two types of grey scales, one for assessing c
33、hange in colour (see ISO 105-A02) and another for assessing degree of staining (see ISO 105-A03). 2.15 hue attribute of a visual sensation by which the colour of a specimen is judged to be similar to one of the perceived colours, red, yellow, green or blue, or to a combination of two of them 2.16 in
34、frared radiation IR radiation radiant energy for which the wavelengths of the monochromatic components are longer than those for visible radiation and less than about 1 mm NOTEThe limits of the spectral range of infrared radiation are not well defined and may vary according to the application. Commi
35、ttee E-2.1.2 of the CIE distinguishes in the spectral range between 780 nm and 1 mm: ?IR-A: 780 nm to 1400 nm ?IR-B: 1,4 ?m to 3,0 ?m ?IR-C: 3,0 ?m to 1 mm 2.17 lightness attribute of colour perception by which a non-self-luminous body is judged to reflect more or less light NOTEL*abis the metric li
36、ghtness defined in the CIELAB equation. 2.18 perfect reflecting diffuser hypothetical material perfectly diffusely reflecting 100 % of visible radiation striking it NOTEThe perfect reflecting diffuser is the basis of calibration of reflectance-measuring instruments. 2.19 photochromism qualitative de
37、signation for a reversible (or at least partially reversible) change in colour of any kind (whether a change in lightness, hue or chroma) which is immediately noticeable upon termination of light exposures when the exposed area of a specimen is compared to the unexposed area NOTEA non-preferred syno
38、nym is phototropism. 2.20 semi-axes lSL, cSC,SH individual dimensions of the CMC ellipsoid which are used to calculate a ?Ecmc(l:c)value NOTEThe variables l and c quantify the tolerances for lightness differences and chroma differences, relative to hue differences. 2.21 spectral power distribution S
39、PD distribution by wavelength of radiation emitted from a source or modelled by an illuminant over the relevant wavelength span of radiation 2.22 spectral reflectance the fraction (0 to 1) or percentage (0 to 100) of incident radiation reflected by a given material (and neither absorbed nor transmit
40、ted by it) as a function of wavelength Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 21:00:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 105-
41、A08:2001(E) 4 ISO 2001 All rights reserved 2.23 spectral transmittance the fraction (0 to 1) or percentage (0 to 100) of incident radiation passing through a given material (and neither absorbed nor reflected by it) as a function of wavelength 2.24 spectrophotometer instrument for measuring the refl
42、ectance or transmittance of light (or other radiation) by an object at one or more wavelengths in the spectrum 2.25 standard depth scale one of a number of sets of coloured standards, the members of each of which are of different brightness and hue but have been accepted as being of equal depth and
43、which enable dyeing, fastness and other properties of colourants to be compared on a uniform basis NOTEThe series in most frequent use in textile applications are designated 1/25, 1/12, 1/3, 1/1 and 2/1 standard depths (where each given multiple expresses the relationship of the depth of the series
44、to 1/1 standard depth), and the navy and black standard depth series. 2.26 tinctorial strength effectiveness of a given mass of colourant in colouring a given mass of given material by means of a given application process 2.27 ultraviolet (UV) radiation radiant energy for which the wavelengths of th
45、e monochromatic components are shorter than those for visible radiation and more than about 100 nm NOTEThe limits of the spectral range of ultraviolet radiation are not well defined and may vary according to the application. Committee E-2.1.2 of the CIE distinguishes in the spectral range between 10
46、0 nm and 400 nm: ?UV-A: 315 nm to 400 nm ?UV-B: 280 nm to 315 nm ?UV-C: 100 nm to 280 nm 2.28 visible radiation any radiation capable of causing a visual sensation NOTE 1The limits of the spectral range of visible radiation are not well defined and may vary according to the application. The lower li
47、mit is generally taken to be between 380 nm and 400 nm and the upper limit to be between 700 nm and 780 nm. NOTE 2The CIE defines colour-matching functions for the 2 and 10 observers for the wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm. 2.29 whiteness attribute of colour perception by which an object colour
48、 is judged to approach a preferred white Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 21:00:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 105-A08:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved5 Bibliography 1ISO 105-A01, Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part A01: General principles of testing. 2ISO 105-A02, Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part A02: Grey scale for a