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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 105-205 First edition 1996-09-01 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part 205: Determination of the dusting behaviour of dyes Textiles - Essais de soliditk des teintures - Partie 205: Dbtermination du comportement des colorants au saupoudrage Reference number IS0 105-ZO
2、5:1996( E) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 02:51:27 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 105-205: 1996(E) Foreword IS0 (t
3、he International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide fed- eration of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical comm
4、ittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrote
5、chnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 105-205 was prepared
6、by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles, Subcommittee SC 1, Tests for co/owed textjles and colorants. IS0 105 was previously published in thirteen “parts”, each designated by a letter (e.g. “Part A”), with publication dates between 1978 and 1985. Each part contained a series of “sections”, each d
7、esignated by the re- spective part letter and by a two-digit serial number (e.g. “Section A01 I). These sections are now being republished as separate documents, them- selves designated “parts” but retaining their earlier alphanumeric desig- nations. A complete list of these parts is given in IS0 10
8、5-AOI . Annexes A and B of this part of IS0 105 is for information only. 0 IS0 1996 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permissi
9、on in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not
10、 for Resale, 04/21/2007 02:51:27 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 IS0 105=205:1996(E) Introduction The dustiness of dyestuffs is an important feature when considering as- pects of hygiene, health and safety in the dyestuff-consuming industry. It is import
11、ant therefore that a reliable and reproducible method exists to measure this property. Although other methods for dust measurement exist, the method given in this part of IS0 105 is both more representative of and comparable with actual practice when handling dyestuffs. In respect of a comparison of
12、 dyestuffs or the reliability of limits, it should be understood that the result- ing value is not a specific value like density. Details of reproducibility data are given in annex A. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Techni
13、cal Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 02:51:27 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- This page intentionally left blank Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standard
14、s 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 02:51:27 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 IS0 105-205:1996(E) Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part 205: Determination of the dusting behaviour of dyes 1 Scope This part of IS0 105 spe
15、cifies a method for determi- nation of the dusting behaviour of dyes. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of IS0 105. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards a
16、re subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of IS0 105 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Stan- dards. IS0 105-AOI : I
17、 994, Textiles - Tests for co/our fast- ness - Part A0 1: General principles of testing. IS0 105-A03:1993, Textiles - Tests for co/our fast- ness - Part A03: Gre y scale for assessing staining. 3 Definition For the purposes of this part of IS0 105, the following definition applies. 3.1 dust: Particl
18、es of solid material dispersed in a gas. NOTES I Dyestuff dust is formed during handling operations such as dispensing, transferring, sprinkling, etc. 2 Solid dyes are sold in different physical forms (powdered, granulated, etc.). The particle-size distribution of commercial products varies consider
19、ably. The mean particle diameter may be less than 50 pm or as much as several millimetres. The range of the particle-size distribution of a solid dye may also be narrow or wide. 3 The particle-size distribution of dyestuff dust is largely independent of the physical form of the dyestuff. Two typi- c
20、al particle-size distributions for dyestuff dust are shown in figure 1. 4 Principle Dust is generated from a dye sample by means of a dust-generating device, extracted from the dust- bearing air by vacuum and conveyed to a detection point, where the amount of dust generated is esti- mated visually o
21、r determined quantitatively by a gravi- metric or photometric method. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Balance, accurate to k 0,l g, for weighing out the dye. 5.2 Dust-generating device, with filter holder and connecting joints, and incorporating the following ad- ditional components (see figures 2 and 3). NOTES 1 I
22、nstead of a filter and filter holder, other dust-detection devices may be fitted to the apparatus, such as an impactor or an optical particle counter. 2 For information on sources of supply of the dust- generating device and the filter, apply to the organizations listed in clause 8 of IS0 105-A01 :I
23、 994. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 02:51:27 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 105-205: 1996(E) IS0 100 84 % volume
24、fraction 80 1 50 % volume fraction - fraction - Particle diameter, pm 80 70 2 2 60 ae - $ 50 Y- 0 c 5 E 40 4. 30 20 10 84 % volume fraction 50 % volume fraction -_-_- 16 % volume fraction -B-B- 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Particle diameter, pm NOTE - The x-axis of both graphs has a logarithmic scale. Figure 1
25、- Typical graphical representations of the amount of dyestuff dust (by volume) as a function of the dust-particle diameter 2 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 02:51
26、:27 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 105-205:1996(E) Feedhopper ,-Timer-actuated slide valve p-Verticaldroptube Flow regulator Flowmeter Filter holder -A Dust chamber - 4 .-_ -. Vacuum source 1 H Total fall height I) 815 mm +5mm h Dust chamber height 195
27、mm k5mm D Dust chamber diameter 0210mm +5mm d Drop tube diameter 047mm tl mm 1) Total fall height is measured from the top side of the slide valve plate to the inside face of the dust chamber. Figure 2 - Apparatus for dust determination 3 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Prov
28、ided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 02:51:27 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 105-205: 1996(E) IS0 Dimensions in millimetres Filter holder 100 mesh,35 Figure 3 - Filter holder 5.2.1
29、Filter, white, diameter (50 + 2) mm, capable of trapping the dust quantitatively (pore size 5 pm). a) For the gravimetric and photometric methods, made of cellulose nitrate. b) For the visual method, suitable glass-fibre filters can be used. 5.2.2 Vacuum pump, with a suction capacity of at least 20
30、I/min. 5.2.3 Regulator, for adjusting the air flowrate. 5.2.4 Flowmeter, capable of monitoring air flowrate between IO I/min and 20 I/min. 5.2.5 Timer, for opening the slide valve to start suc- tion, and for timing the period of suction. 5.3 Grey scale for assessing staining, complying with IS0 105-
31、A03. 5.4 Analytical balance, accurate to k 0,Ol mg, for weighing the dust collected on the filter (5.2.1) (gravimetric assessment method), and/or photometer, for extinction measurement of the dust collected and dissolved in a suitable solvent (photometric assess- ment method). 5.5 Cleaning device, e
32、.g. brush or vacuum cleaner, for cleaning the apparatus. 56 aiter Tweezers, for re dust generation. moving filter paper from holder 6 Procedure Place the filter holder containing the filter (5.2.1) in the dust-generating apparatus (5.2) and close it to give an airtight fit. If the gravimetric method
33、 of assessment is used, condition and weigh the filter before insertion into the filter holder. Using the balance (5.1) carefully weigh out IO g + 0,l g of the dye and place it in the hopper at the top of the apparatus. Start the timer (5.2.5) to open the slide valve with a sudden action, allowing t
34、he dye to drop down through the tube into the dust chamber below. Five seconds after the slide has opened, apply a vac- uum to extract the dust from the chamber for collec- tion on the filter (5.2.1) under the following conditions: - air flowrate: 15 I/min; - extraction time: 120 s (starting 5 s aft
35、er dye has dropped); - height of fall: (815 + 5) mm. Using tweezers (5.6), carefully remove the dust-laden filter from the holder and evaluate it by one of methods given in clause 7. Clean the equipment thoroughly (5.5) after each test. If the equipment is wet-cleaned, take particular care that it i
36、s dried thoroughly. 7 Assessment of filter 7.1 Visual method Compare the dust-laden filter visually with the grey scale for assessing staining (5.3) where Rating 1 = very dusty and Rating 5 = no dust. Half-ratings may be used. NOTE - It is also possible to carry out a visual assessment of colourless
37、 solid materials. However, special care has to be exercised in such cases. Black filters may be helpful, but require separate preliminary trials. It is preferable to use the gravimetric or photometric method. 7.2 Gravimetric method Weigh the dust-laden filter on the analytical balance (5.4). Since w
38、ith low-dusting products the mass of dust is very small ( 1 mg), considerable errors are to be expected with the gravimetric method. In such Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale,
39、04/21/2007 02:51:27 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 IS0 105-205:1996(E) cases, preference should be given to photometric measurement. 7.3 Photometric method For photometric measurement of the amount of dust, dissolve the dyestuff by shaking well the dust
40、-laden filter in a suitable solvent at room temperature. When a clear solution has formed, measure the transmission with a photometer and read the corresponding amount of dust off a previously prepared calibration graph. NOTE - Further details may be found in the literature. See for example annex B.
41、 8 Expression of results The generation and detection of dust depend on a great number of parameters. For this reason, the de- termination of the amount of dust yields results which are valid only for the specified test conditions. This means that a direct comparison of either the visual or the quan
42、titative results of dust behaviour with results from other test methods is not possible. However, the relative order of the results of a set of test specimens from one test method is likely to be comparable with that from other test methods. 8.1 Visual method Express the result of the visual method
43、as the grey scale rating obtained in 7.1. A quantitative determination of the amount of dust produced by a dye is not possible by the visual method. The main reasons for this are different par- ticle size distributions, particle sizes and shades of the dust in each case. Visual assessment is subject
44、ive, and depends on fac- tors such as the experience of the examiner, the hue of the layer of dust and the nature of the filter surface (smooth or rough). Variations of up to half a rating unit are inherent in this system. Empirically, the total error under repeatability conditions (same apparatus a
45、nd laboratory) does not exceed this value. 8.2 Quantitative methods Express the results obtained from 7.2 or 7.3 as milli- grams of dyestuff dust collected. In both quantitative methods (gravimetric and photo- metric), the determination is based on the amount of dust trapped on the filter. Since the
46、 amounts of dust are measured in milligrams, in the gravimetric method variations in the conditioning of the filter and electro- static influences can lead to substantial errors. If the amount of dust is determined by photometry, care must, of course, be taken that the transmission is measured on cl
47、ear solutions. According to the experi- ence of various laboratories, a reproducibility of about IO % (coefficient of variation) can be attained under favourable conditions. 8.3 Scatter of results In some cases, scattering of the results may occur. The main causes of this are: a) factors specific to
48、 the apparatus, e.g.: the air flowrate is incorrectly adjusted; - the air flow through the apparatus is not con- stant, or the vacuum is incorrectly applied; - the timing control is imprecise. These errors can be minimized by making appropriate adjustments to the apparatus. b) external factors: humidity; - electrostatic charges inside the vertical tube and the dust chamber; - inhom ogeneous within the samp distribution le . of the dust Q Test repo