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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 10545-7 First edition 1996-l 2-15 Ceramic tiles - Part 7: Determination of resistance to surface abrasion for glazed tiles Carreaux et dales ckamiques - Partie 7: D 52,5 g of steel balls of diameter 3 mm; 43,75 g of stell balls of diameter 2 mm; 8,75 g of steel balls of di
2、ameter 1 mm; 3,o g of white fused aluminium oxide of grain size F 80 according to IS0 8486; 20 ml of deionized or distilled water. 1) To be published. (Revision of IS0 8486:1986) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply C
3、tr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 09:49:58 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Is0 10545-7:1996(E) Q IS0 5 Apparatus 5.1 Abrasion apparatus (see figure I), consisting of a steel case with an inbuilt electrical drive connected to a horizontal supporting pl
4、ate with positions for test specimens of dimensions at least 100 mm x 100 mm. The distance between the centre of the supporting plate and the centre of each position shall be 195 mm. There shall be equal distances between each adjacent position. The supporting plate shall rotate at 300 r/min with an
5、 eccentricity, e, of 22.5 mm so that every part of each test specimen describes a circular motion of diameter 45 mm. The test specimens are held down with the aid of metal holders which are provided with rubber seals (see figure 2). The internal diameter of the holders is 83 mm, thus providing a tes
6、t area of about 54 cmz. The thickness of the rubber is 9 mm and the height of the space under the holder is 22,5 mm. The apparatus switches off automatically after completion of a present number of revolutions. The supporting plate with holders and test specimens shall be covered during operation. A
7、 suitable apparatus of another description may be used, provided it gives the same results as those obtained with the apparatus described below. 5.2 Apparatus for visual assessment (see figure 3), consisting of a viewing box equipped with fluorescent lighting of colour temperature 6 000 K to 6 500 K
8、 placed vertically above the surface to be observed providing 300 lx illuminance. The dimensions of the box shall be 61 cm x 61 cm x 61 cm and the inner faces shall be painted a neutral gray. The light source is screened to avoid direct viewing. 5.3 Drying oven, capable of being operated at (1 IO +
9、5) “C. 5.4 Balance (if mass loss is required). 6 Test specimens 6.1 Types of test specimens Test specimens shall be representative of the sample. Where tiles have different colours or decorative effects in parts of the surface, care should be taken to include all the distinctive parts. The usual fac
10、ial dimensions of test specimens are 100 mm x 100 mm. Test specimens with smaller facial dimensions shall be fastened close together on a suitable supporting material. Edge effects at the narrow joints shall be ignored. 6.2 Number of test specimens Eleven test specimens are required. In addition, ei
11、ght test specimens are required for the visual assessment. The procedure requires one test specimen for each state of abrasion, and subsequently an additional three test specimens to ckeck the result at the visual-failure point. 6.3 Preparation The glazed surfaces of the test specimens shall be clea
12、n and dry. 2 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 09:49:58 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 0 IS0 IS0 10545-7:1996(E) 7Test assembly r
13、 Support plate Dimensions In millimetres Figure 1 - Abrasion apparatus Dimensions in millimetres Figure 2 - Specimen holder 3 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 09:49:58 MDT
14、No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 10545-7:1996(E) Q IS0 Dimensions in metres Figure 3 - Arrangement for visual assessment 7 Procedure Calibration of the abrasion apparatus is only occasionally necessary or when there is a doubt regarding the validity of the r
15、esults. One possible calibration method is described in Annex A. Clamp a metal holder onto the glazed surface of each test specimen on the abrasion apparatus (5.1). Introduce the abrasive load (clause 4) into the holder through a hole in its upper surface. Then seal the hole to prevent loss from the
16、 abrasive load. The number of revolutions of the preset counter required for each abrasion stage of the test is 100, 150, 600, 750, 1 500, 2 100, 6 000, and 12 000. Remove one test specimen after each abrasion stage and continue the test until failure is observed. After abrasion, rinse the test spec
17、imens under running water and dry in the oven (5.3) at (110 f 5) “C. If the test specimens are stained with iron oxide, completely remove the stain with 10 % (V/V) hydrochloric acid. Immediately rinse under running water and dry. For the visual comparison, surround an abraded test specimen with unab
18、raded tiles of exactly the same type in an apparatus for visual assessment under an illuminance of 300 lx. View with the naked eye (or with spectacles if usually worn) from a distance of 2 m and a height of 1.65 m in a darkened room. Note the number of revolutions at which any change in the area tha
19、t has been sujected to abrasion can readily be distinguished. The consensus of at least three observers is required. 4 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 09:49:58 MDTNo repr
20、oduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 0 IS0 IS0 10545-7:1996(E) Check the result by retesting at the abrasion stage when failure is observed and at the next higher and lower abrasion stages. If the restult is not the same, use the lower of the two abrasion stages to decide
21、upon the classification. Then test the abraded area of the tile which has passed the 12 000 revolutions stage for stain resistance in accordance with IS0 10545-I 4. After use, clean the steel balls with water followed by methylated spirits and then thoroughly dry to prevent rusting. Before each test
22、, screen the steel balls in the abrasive load into specified size categories (see clause 4) and replace any mass in each size category. If there is an agreement to determine the mass lost from a surface during abrasion testing, obtain this by measuring the dry mass of three test specimens before the
23、 test and after 6 000 revolutions. Upon agreement, subsequently test abraded tiles which have passed the 1 500, 2 100 and 6 000 revolutions stages for stain resistance in accordance with IS0 10545-14 at the abrasion stage at which visual failure occurred. Other relevant properties may be determined
24、by agreement during the execution of the test procedure, for instance change of colour or gloss. The additional information which is obtained by agreement shall not be used to classify tiles. 8 Classification of results The test specimens shall be classified according to table 1. In order to be clas
25、sified as Class 5, the tile shall also pass the test specified in IS0 10545-14 for resistance to stains on the abraded area. However, the following modifications to IS0 10545-I 4 will apply: 1) only one abraded tile ( 12 000 revolutions) may be used, provided care is taken to ensure separation of th
26、e stains (for example cutting the abraded tile prior to testing the resistance to stains): 2) cleaning procedure D specified in IS0 10545-14 shall be used without first employing procedures A, B and C. If there is no visual failure after 12 000 revolutions but if stains cannot be removed by any of t
27、he procedures (A, B, C or D) specified in IS0 10545-14, the tile shall be of Class 4. Table 1 - Classification of glazed ceramic tiles Abrasion stage; Failure visible at Class revolutions 100 0 150 1 600 2 750, 1 500 3 2100,6000,12000 4 12 000) 5 1) Must pass the test specified in IS0 10545-I 4 for
28、resistance to stains. 9 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) reference to this part of IS0 10545; b) a description of the tiles, including means of preparing the test specimens; c) the classification according to clause 8; d) the abrasion stage at which visual fail
29、ure occurred; e) by agreement, class of stain resistance for tiles of abrasion Class 4; f) mass loss, colour change, gloss change or other properties measured by agreement. 5 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9
30、960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 09:49:58 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 10545-7:1996(E) Annex A (informative) IS0 Calibration of the abrasion apparatus using float glass A.1 Reference material The reference material shall be float glass with a mini
31、mum thickness of 6 mm. Information about suitable reference materials may be obtained from national standards institutions. A.2 General As the calibration test is carried out on the float-bath side, this has first to be identified. One of the following methods can be used. A.21 Chemical method A.2.1
32、.1 Reagents A.2.1.1.1 Etching solution Thoroughly mix 10 volumes of concentrated hydrochloric acid, 8 volumes of concentrated hydrofluoric acid 40 %(V/V) and 10 volumes of distilled water. A.2.1.1.2 Cacotheline solution, 0,l % (V/V) cacotheline in distilled water. A.2.1.2 Procedure Place 2 or 3 drop
33、s of the etching solution on the glass surface followed by 1 or 2 drops of the cacotheline solution. In 5 s to 10 s, a purple colour will be seen on the float-bath side; otherwise, the solution will remain yellow. A.2.2 Ultraviolet (UV) method View the glass surface in a dark room when illuminated b
34、y ultraviolet light as shown in figure A.I. The float-bath side exhibits a slight fluorescence. CAUTION - Ultraviolet light in the region 254 nm to 365 nm will damage the eyes and suitable protective UV-filter goggles must be worn. A-2.3 Energy dispersive analysis (EDA) method Examine the glass surf
35、aces by energy dispersive analysis. The float-bath side is identified by its tin content. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 09:49:58 MDTNo reproduction or networking permit
36、ted without license from IHS -,-,- 0 IS0 IS0 10545-7:1996(E) UV lamp in the region r 254 nm to 365 nm When viewed from this angle in a dark room, the float-bath surface exhibits a slight fluorescence Figure A. 1 -Arrangement for the UV method A.3 Procedure for calibration A-3.1 General The abrasion
37、apparatus is calibrated by measuring either the loss in mass (see A.3.21, or the change in gloss (see A.3.3). Eight float glass specimens of size 100 mm x 100 mm are abraded on the float-bath side using the abrasive load (clause 4). A.32 Mass loss Dry the test specimens in the drying oven (5.3) main
38、tained at (1 IO +I 5) “C and measure the mass of each. Abrade the specimens for 6 000 revolutions. Rinse and then dry the specimens again at (110 -C 51 “C. Determine the loss in mass of each specimen and calculate the mean loss. Measure the abraded area of each specimen. The abrasion apparatus is sa
39、tisfactory if the mean loss in mass is (0,032 k 0,002) mg per square millimetre of the abraded area. A.3.3 Gloss change Measure the 60” specular gloss on the float-bath side at the centre of each test specimen backed by a matt black surface, for example black velvet. Abrade the specimens for 1 000 r
40、evolutions. Rinse and then dry the specimens and remeasure the 60” specular gloss. Calculate the percentage loss in gloss for each specimen and the mean loss in gloss. The abrasion apparatus is satisfactory if the mean loss in gloss at the centre of the abraded area is (50 k 5) %. NOTE - If any diff
41、iculty is experienced in obtaining stable initial gloss values, the specimens may first be cleaned by immersion in water containing a trace of detergent for at least 1 h at (75 f 5) “C followed by rinsing with warm water. 7 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS und
42、er license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 09:49:58 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 105&7:1996(E) 0 IS0 ICS 91.100.20 Descriptors: Ceramics, floor coverings, tiles, tests, abrasion tests, determination, abrasion resistance. Price based on 7 pages Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 09:49:58 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-