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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10545-4 Second edition 2004-11-01 Reference number ISO 10545-4:2004(E) ISO 2004 Ceramic tiles Part 4: Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength Carreaux et dalles cramiques Partie 4: Dtermination de la rsistance la flexion et de la force de rupture Copyrigh
2、t International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 02:47:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 10545-4:2004(E) ii ISO 2004 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This
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7、r. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not fo
8、r Resale, 04/23/2007 02:47:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 10545-4:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). T
9、he work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-go
10、vernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
11、 The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a v
12、ote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10545-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 189, Ceramic tile. This second edition ca
13、ncels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10545-4:1994), which has been technically revised. ISO 10545 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ceramic tiles: Part 1: Sampling and basis for acceptance Part 2: Determination of dimensions and surface quality Part 3: Determination of wa
14、ter absorption, apparent porosity, apparent relative density and bulk density Part 4: Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength Part 5: Determination of impact resistance by measurement of coefficient of restitution Part 6: Determination of resistance to deep abrasion for unglazed ti
15、les Part 7: Determination of resistance to surface abrasion for glazed tiles Part 8: Determination of linear thermal expansion Part 9: Determination of resistance to thermal shock Part 10: Determination of moisture expansion Part 11: Determination of crazing resistance for glazed tiles Part 12: Dete
16、rmination of frost resistance Part 13: Determination of chemical resistance Part 14: Determination of resistance to stains Part 15: Determination of lead and cadmium given off by glazed tiles Part 16: Determination of small colour differences Copyright International Organization for Standardization
17、Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 02:47:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- . iv Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9
18、980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 02:47:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 10545-4:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1 Ceramic tiles Part 4: Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength 1Scope This part of ISO 105
19、45 specifies a test method for determining the modulus of rupture and breaking strength of all ceramic tiles. NOTEISO 13006 provides property requirements for tiles and other useful information on these products. 2Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the appl
20、ication of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD) 3Ter
21、ms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 breaking load force necessary to cause the test specimen to break, as read from the pressure gauge NOTE 1See 7.5 and Figure 2. NOTE 2The breaking load is expressed in newtons. 3.2 breaking strength f
22、orce obtained by multiplying the breaking load by the ratio (span between support rods)/(width of the test specimen) NOTE 1See Equation (1) in Clause 8. NOTE 2The breaking strength is expressed in newtons. 3.3 modulus of rupture quantity obtained by dividing the calculated breaking strength by the s
23、quare of the minimum thickness along the broken edge NOTE 1See Equation (2) in Clause 8. Fbl Fbs Fbl Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 02:47:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking perm
24、itted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 10545-4:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved NOTE 2The modulus of rupture is expressed in newtons per square millimetre. 4Principle Determination of the breaking load, breaking strength and modulus of rupture of a tile by applying a force at a specified rat
25、e to the centre of the tile, the point of application being in contact with the proper surface of the tile. 5Apparatus 5.1Drying oven, capable of being operated at . Microwave, infrared or other drying systems may be used provided that it has been determined that equal results are obtained. 5.2Recor
26、ding pressure gauge, accurate to . 5.3Two cylindrical support rods, made of metal, the parts in contact with the test specimens being covered with rubber having a hardness of IRHD, measured in accordance with ISO 48. One rod shall be slightly pivotable (see Figure 1) and the other shall be slightly
27、rotatable about its own axis. (See Table 1 for relevant dimensions.) 5.4Central cylindrical rod, of the same diameter as the support rods (5.3) and covered with the same rubber, for transmission of the load . This rod shall also be slightly pivotable (see Figure 1). (See Table 1 for relevant dimensi
28、ons.) Figure 1 Allowable movement of rods (1105) C 2,0 % (505) Fbl Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 02:47:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-
29、,- ISO 10545-4:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3 6Test specimens 6.1Select the specimens at random from the lot to be tested. Whenever possible, whole tiles shall be tested. However, it may be necessary to cut exceptionally large tiles (that is, those greater than in length) and some non-rectan
30、gular shapes in order to fit them in the apparatus. Rectangular test specimens of the largest possible size shall then be cut, having their centres coinciding with the centres of the tiles. In case of doubt, results obtained using whole tiles shall always be preferred to results obtained with cut ti
31、les. Table 1 Diameter of rods, , thickness of rubber, , and overlap of tile beyond the edge supports (see Figure 2) Dimensions in millimetres Dimension of tileDiameter of rodThickness of rubber Overlap of tile beyond the edge supports 52 105 2010 a Figure 2 Application of load to test specimen dtl1
32、Ldtl1 18? L 4810,2 48? L 952,50,5 L ?9551 Fbl 300 mm Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 02:47:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 10545-4
33、:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 6.2The minimum number of test specimens for each sample is given in Table 2. 7Procedure 7.1Remove any loosely adhering particles from the back of each test specimen with a stiff brush. Dry each test specimen in the oven (5.1) maintained at until constant mass
34、is reached, i.e. when the difference between two successive weighings at intervals of is less than . The test specimens may be cooled in the closed oven or in a desiccator over silica gel or another suitable desiccant, but not over an acid, until they reach room temperature. Test specimens shall be
35、tested no later than after they have reached room temperature. 7.2Place a test specimen on the support rods (5.3), with the glazed or proper surface uppermost so that the test specimen projects by a length (see Table 1 and Figure 2) beyond each support rod. 7.3In the case of reversible tiles, such a
36、s unglazed ceramic mosaic tiles, it does not matter which side of the tile is uppermost. For extruded tiles, place the test specimen so that the projecting ribs are at right angles to the support rods. For all other rectangular tiles, place the test specimens so that the longer side, , is at right a
37、ngles to the support rods. 7.4For tiles with a relief surface, place a second layer of rubber, of the appropriate thickness given in Table 1, on the central rod (5.4) in contact with the relief surface. 7.5Position the central rod equidistant between the support rods. Apply the load evenly in such a
38、 way as to obtain a rate of increase in stress of per second; the actual rate per second can be calculated by Equation (2) given in Clause 8. Record the breaking load . 8Calculation Use only the results for test specimens that break within a central portion of length equivalent to the diameter of th
39、e central rod to calculate the mean breaking strength and the mean modulus of rupture. A minimum of five acceptable results is necessary to calculate the mean value. If there are fewer than five acceptable results, a second sample shall be tested consisting of twice the number of tiles. A minimum of
40、 10 acceptable results is then required to calculate the average value. The breaking strength , expressed in newtons, is calculated by means of Equation (1) (1) where is the breaking load, expressed in newtons; is the span, expressed in millimetres, between the support rods (see Figure 2); is the wi
41、dth, expressed in millimetres, of the test specimen; Table 2 Minimum number of test specimens Dimension of tile Minimum number of test specimens mm 10 7 L 18? L 48 L ?48 (1105) C 24 h0,1 % 3 h l1 L (10,2)N/mm2 Fbl Fbs Fbs= Fbll2 b Fbl l2 b Copyright International Organization for Standardization Pro
42、vided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 02:47:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 10545-4:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 5 The modulus of rupture , expressed in newtons per square millimetre, is c
43、alculated by means of Equation (2) (2) where is the breaking load, expressed in newtons; is the span, expressed in millimetres, between the support rods (see Figure 2); is the width, expressed in millimetres, of the test specimen; is the minimum thickness of the test specimen, expressed in millimetr
44、es, measured after the test along the broken edge. The calculation of the modulus of rupture is based on a rectangular cross-section. In the case of tiles with variable thickness along the broken edge, approximate results only are produced. The shallower the relief, the more exact are the approximat
45、ions. Record all individual results. Calculate the mean breaking strength and the mean modulus of rupture of the sample as the mean of the acceptable results. 9Test report The test report shall include the following information: a)reference to this part of ISO 10545 (ISO 10545-4:2004); b)description
46、 of the tiles, including relief surface, if any; c)number of test specimens in the sample; d)the values of , , and (see Figure 2); e)the breaking load of each test specimen; f)the mean breaking load; g)the breaking strength of each test specimen; h)the mean value of the breaking strength; i)the modu
47、lus of rupture of each test specimen; j)the mean value of the modulus of rupture. Fbl Fbl= 3Fbll2 2bh2 = 3Fbs 2h2 Fbl l2 b h d t l1l2 Fbl Fbs Fbl Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 0
48、2:47:17 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 10545-4:2004(E) 6 ISO 2004 All rights reserved Bibliography 1ISO 13006, Ceramic tiles Definitions, classification, characteristics and marking Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 02:47:17 MDTNo