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1、STDDISO 1070-ENGL 1992 m Li851703 07381B9 OTO m INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 1070 Second edition AMENDMENT 1 1992-06-1 5 1997-1 2-1 5 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Slope-area method AMENDMENT 1 Mesure de dbit des liquides dans les canaux dcouverts - Mthode de la pente de la ligne deau AME
2、NDEMENT 1 This material i s reproduced from IS0 documents under International Organization for Standardization (EO) Copyright License number IHSllCC11996. Not for resale. No part of these IS0 documents may be reproduced in any form, electronic retrieval System or otherwise, except as allowed in the
3、copyright law of the country of use, or with the prior written consent of IS0 (Case postale 56,1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Fax +41 22 734 10 79), IHS or the IS0 Licensors members. Reference number IS0 1 070: 1 992/Amd. 1 : 1 997( E) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided
4、by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 02:35:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD-IS0 1070-ENGL 1992 D 9853903 0738370 812 IS0 1070:1992/Amd.l:1997(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organiza
5、tion for Standardization is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established h
6、as the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take pari in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Dr
7、aft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 o / o of the member bodies casting a vote. Amendment 1 to IS0 1070 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 113,
8、 Hydrometric determinations, Subcommittee SC 1, Velocity- area methods. O IS0 1997 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permissio
9、n in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 CH-1 21 1 Genve 20 Switzerland Internet centraiiso.ch X.400 c=ch; a400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central Printed in Switzerland II Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS unde
10、r license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 02:35:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 1070: 992/AmdSl:1997(E) Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Slope-area method AMENDMENT 1 Page 4 Subclause 10.1.2
11、 Add the following text at the end of the subclause. “It should be noted that, due to the momentum transfer across the vertical between the main channel and the flood plain, there may be an overestimation or underestimation of the discharge”. 1 Copyright International Organization for Standardizatio
12、n Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 02:35:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD.ISO 1070-ENGL L992 q851703 0738372 b95 H I SO 1 070: 1 99aAmd.l: 1 997( E) ICs 17.1 20.20 Descript
13、ors: liquid flow, water flow, open channel flow, gravity flow, flow measurement, error analysis Price based on 1 page Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 02:35:05 MDT
14、No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 1070 92 4853903 0507411 5 I NTE R NAT I O NA L STANDARD IS0 1070 Second edition 1992-06-15 Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Slope-area method Mesure de dbit des liquides dans les canaux decouverts - Mthode de la pen
15、te de la ligne deau Reference number IS0 1070:1992( E) _ . - _I_ _ _ -. . Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 02:35:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted with
16、out license from IHS -,-,- IS0 1070:1992(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each membe
17、r body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International El
18、ectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inter- national Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies cast
19、ing a vote. International Standard IS0 1070 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 113, Measurement of liquid flow in open channels, Sub- Committee SC 1, Velocity area methods. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 1070:1973), of which it constitutes a technical revisio
20、n. Annexes A and B of this International Standard are for information only. O I C 0 1992 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permlssion In wrlting from the
21、publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 * CH-I211 Geneve 20 * Switzerland Printed in Switzerland Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007
22、 02:35:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 1070 92 4853903 0507413 9 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 1070:1992(E) Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Slope-area method 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method of determining liquid flow in
23、open channels from ob- servations of the surface slope and cross-sectional area of the channel. It is suitable for use under somewhat special conditions when direct measure- ment of discharge by more accurate methods, such as the velocity-area method, is not possible. The slope-area method can be us
24、ed with reasonable accuracy in open channels having stable bound- aries, bed and sides (e.g. rock or very cohesive clay), in lined channels and in channels with rela- tively coarse material. It may also be used in alluvial channels, including channels with overbank flow .or non-uniform channel cross
25、-sections, but in these cases the method is subject to large uncertainties owirig to the selection of the rugosity coefficient (such as Manning?s coefficient n or Chezy?s coef- fi ci en t C ? ) . Generally the method may be used to determine discharge . a) at the time of determining gauge heights fr
26、om a series of gauges; b) for a peak flow that left marks on a series of gauges or where peak stages were recorded by a series of gauges; c) for a peak flow that left high-water marks along the stream banks. This method is not suitable for use in very large channels, channels with very flat surface
27、slopes and high sediment load or channels having significant curvature. Although the accuracy of the results given by the slope-area method is less than that of the results given by the velocity-area method, the slope-area method is sometimes the only method that can be used for determining the extr
28、eme high-stage end of rating curves in cases where the magnitude of floods is such that other methods of measuring dis- charge cannot be used. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard
29、. At the time of publi- cation, the editions indicated were valid. All stan- dards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of ap- plying the most recent editions of the standards in- dicated below. Members
30、of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 772:1900, Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Vocabulary and symbols. IS0 1100-2:1982, Liquid flow measurement in open channels - Part 2: Determination of the stage- discharge relation. IS0 4373:1979, Measuremen
31、t of liquid flow in open channels - Water level measuring devices. IS0 5168:1970, Measurement of fluid flow - Esti- mation of uncertainty of a flow-rate measurement, 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the definitions given in IS0 772 apply. 4 Principle of the method of me
32、asurement A measuring reach is chosen for which the mean area of the stream or river cross-section is deter- mined and the surface slope of the flowing water in that reach is measured. The mean velocity is then established by using known empirical formulae which relate the velocity to the hydraulic
33、mean depth, and the surface slope is corrected for the kinetic energy of the flowing water and the charac- 1 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 02:35:05 MDTNo reprod
34、uction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 1070 92 Li851903 0507Li14 O W IS0 1070:1992(E) teristics of the bed and bed material. The discharge is computed as the product of the mean velocity and the mean area of the stream cross-section. 5.2.8 A converging reach should be sele
35、cted in preference to an expanding reach. Rapidly expand- ing reaches should not be selected (see 10.4). 5 Selection and demarcation of site 5.2.9 The physical characteristics of the reach should be such that the time lag of flow in the reach may be negligible. 5.1 Initial survey of site It is re co
36、m mended that approximate me as u rem en ts of widths, depths and surface slopes should be made in a preliminary survey to decide whether the site is suitable and conforms, as far as possible, with the conditions specified in 5.2 and 5.3. These measurements should serve as a guide only. 5.2 Selectio
37、n of site 5.2.1 There should be no progressive tendency for the river to scour or to deposit sediment. 5.2.2 Ideally, the river reach should be straight, and should contain no large curvatures or meanders. There should not be any abrupt change in the bed slope in the measuring reach, as can occur in
38、 rocky channels. The cross-section should be uniform throughout the reach and free from obstructions. Preferably, vegetation should be minimal and as uniform as possible throughout the reach. 5.2.3 The bed material should be similar in nature throughoiit the reach. 5.2.4 Wherever possible, the lengt
39、h of the reach should be such that the difference between the wa- ter levels at the upstream and downstream gauges should be not less than ten times the uncertainty in the difference. When the Uncertainty in the measurement of the water level at each gauge is similar, then the distance between the g
40、auges should be sufficient for the fall to be not less than twenty titnes the uncertainty in measurement at one gauge. 5.2.5 The flow in the reach should be free from significant disturbances due to the effect of tribu- taries. 5,2.6 The flow in the channel should be contained within defined boundar
41、ies. If possible, reaches in which overbank flow conditions exist should not be selected. Where this is unavoidable, however, a reach in which there are no very shallow flows over the flood plain should be sought, but additional computations will be necessary in the determination of discharge. 5,2,7
42、 The site should not be subject to change in the flow regime from subcritical to supercritical or from supercritical to subcritical (but see 10.6). 5.3 Demarcation of site Once the measuring reach has been selected, cross-sections normal to the direction of flow shall be chosen and markers which are
43、 clearly visible and identifiable shall be placed on both banks (see also 9.1). A reference gauge, levelled to a standard da- tum, shall be installed (see 6.1). The site should be monitored to ensure that no physical changes occur which render it unsuitable. If changes do take place and the site can
44、not be successfully restored, a new site should be selected. 6 Devices for measurement of slope 6 . 1 Reference gauge The reference gauge shall comprise a well gauge, where feasible, preferably incorporating a vertical gauge rather than an inclined gauge. The vertical gauge (or inclined gauge) shall
45、 comply with IS0 4373. The markings shall be clear and accurate and shall cover the range of stage to be measured. The reference gauge shall be securely fixed to an immovable and rigid support in the stream and shall be correlated to a fixed benchmark by precise levelling to the national or another
46、datum. 6.2 Water-level recorder Water-level recorders (if used) shall comply with IS0 4373. 6.3 Crest stage gauge A crest stage gauge is suitable for use where only the peak stage attained during a flood has to be de- termined. Peak discharges can be calculated from two or more gauges installed in a
47、 reach of the river, at locations suitable for defining cross-sectional profi les. 6.4 High-water marks The stage and slope of peak flows can be deter- mined by surveying high-water marks in the measuring reach. Several types of high-water mark may be found, such as drifi on banks, wash lines, seed
48、lines on trees, mud lines, and drift in bushes or trees. Each high-water mark should be rated as excellent, good, fair or poor. This information will be 2 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 02:35:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 3070 92 4853903 0507435 2 IS0 1070:1992(E) helpful when interpreting the high-water profile and slope. 7 Procedure fo