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1、A Reference number ISO 10816-4:1998(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10816-4 First edition 1998-07-01 Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 4: Gas turbine driven sets excluding aircraft derivatives Vibrations mcaniques valuation des vibrations d
2、es machines par mesurages sur les parties non tournantes Partie 4: Ensembles de turbines gaz, lexception des turbines drives de celles utilises en aronautique ISO 10816-4:1998(E) ISO 1998 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in an
3、y form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 Switzerland Internetcentraliso.ch X.400c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central P
4、rinted in Switzerland ii Contents Page 1Scope.1 2Normative references 2 3Measurement procedures2 4Evaluation3 4.1 Criterion I: Vibration magnitude .3 4.2 Criterion II: Change in vibration magnitude .5 4.3 Operational limits.5 4.4 Supplementary procedures/criteria6 4.5 Evaluation based on vibration v
5、ector information6 Annex A (normative) Evaluation zone boundaries.7 Annex B (informative) Example of setting ALARM and TRIP values.8 Annex C (informative) Bibliography9 -,-,- ISOISO 10816-4:1998(E) iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of nat
6、ional standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Interna
7、tional organizations, governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical comm
8、ittees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 10816-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108 Mechanical vibration and shock, Subcommittee SC 2
9、Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock as applied to machines, vehicles and structures. ISO 10816 consists of the following parts, under the general title Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts: Part 1: General guidelines Part
10、 2: Large land-based steam turbine generator sets in excess of 50 MW Part 3: Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds between 120 r/min and 15 000 r/min when measured in situ Part 4: Gas turbine driven sets excluding aircraft derivatives Part 5: Machine sets in hydraulic
11、 power generating and pumping plants Part 6: Reciprocating machines with power ratings above 100 kW Annex A forms an integral part of this part of ISO 10816. Annexes B and C are for information only. -,-,- ISO 10816-4:1998(E) ISO iv Introduction ISO 10816-1 is the basic document which describes the
12、general requirements for evaluating the vibration of various machine types when the vibration measurements are made on non-rotating parts. This part of ISO 10816 provides specific guidance for assessing the severity of vibration measured on the bearing housings or pedestals of gas turbine driven set
13、s. Measurements at these locations characterize reasonably well the state of vibration. Two criteria are provided for assessing the machine vibration. One criterion considers the magnitude of the observed vibration; the second considers changes in the magnitude. It must be recognized, however, that
14、these criteria do not form the only basis for judging the severity of vibration. For gas turbine sets, it is also common to judge the vibration based on measurements taken on the rotating shafts. Shaft vibration measurement requirements and criteria for gas turbine sets are addressed in separate doc
15、uments, ISO 7919-1 and ISO 7919-4. -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISOISO 10816-4:1998(E) 1 Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part 4: Gas turbine driven sets excluding aircraft derivatives 1 Scope This part of ISO 10816 gives specific guidance fo
16、r assessing the severity of vibration measured on the bearing housings or pedestals of gas turbine driven sets. The vibration criteria provided in this part of ISO 10816 apply to heavy-duty gas turbine sets. Aircraft derivative gas turbines (including gas turbines with dynamic properties similar to
17、those of aircraft derivatives) are excluded from this part of ISO 10816. Large differences exist between these two turbine types in, for example, casing flexibility, bearing design, rotor to stator weight ratio and mounting structure. It is therefore necessary to establish separate criteria for thes
18、e two turbine types. This part of ISO 10816 is applicable only to heavy-duty gas turbines used in electrical and mechanical drive applications covering the power range above 3 MW and a speed range under load between 3 000 r/min and 20 000 r/min. This includes gas turbines directly coupled to other p
19、rime movers such as steam turbines, but the evaluation of the steam turbine vibration is not dealt with in this part of ISO 10816 (see the following exclusion list). It also includes any driven equipment not included in the exclusion list below. The following are excluded from this part of ISO 10816
20、: gas turbines with power outputs less than or equal 3 MW (see ISO 10816-3); gas turbine driven pumps (see ISO 10816-3); coupled steam turbines and generators with outputs less than or equal 50 MW (see ISO 10816-3); coupled steam turbines and generators with outputs greater than 50 MW (see ISO 10816
21、-2); coupled compressors (see ISO 10816-3); gearbox vibration (see below). The criteria of this part of ISO 10816 are applicable to the vibration measured on the bearing housings or pedestals of gas turbines and driven equipment using fluid-film bearings. They assume that the measurements are in-sit
22、u broad-band values taken under normal steady-state operating conditions. This part of ISO 10816 encompasses machines which may have gears or rolling element bearings but does not address the evaluation of the condition of those gears or bearings. NOTE Gear vibration may be included in a future edit
23、ion of this part of ISO 10816. Vibration of gears is presently addressed in ISO 8579-2. -,-,- ISO 10816-4:1998(E) ISO 2 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 10816. At the time of publication
24、, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 10816 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of curr
25、ently valid International Standards. ISO 7919-4:1996, Mechanical vibration of non-reciprocating machines Measurements on rotating shafts and evaluation criteria Part 4: Gas turbine sets ISO 10816-1:1995, Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts Part
26、1: General guidelines 3 Measurement procedures The measurement procedures and instrumentation shall comply with the general requirements of ISO 10816-1 and are as follows. For gas turbines, the measurement system used shall be capable of measuring broad-band vibration over a frequency range from 10
27、Hz to at least six times the highest shaft rotational frequency. If, however, the instrumentation is also to be used for diagnostic purposes, a wider frequency range and/or a spectral analysis may be necessary. If measurements from different machines are to be compared, care shall be taken to ensure
28、 that the same frequency range has been used. The locations of vibration measurements shall be such that they provide adequate sensitivity to the dynamic forces of the machine but are not unduly influenced by external sources (such as combustion vibration, gear mesh vibration, etc.). Typically, this
29、 will require measuring in two orthogonal radial directions on each bearing cap or pedestal, as shown in figure 1. Although the transducers may be placed at any angular location on the bearing housings or pedestals, vertical and horizontal directions are usually preferred. A single transducer may be
30、 used on a bearing cap or pedestal in place of the more typical pair of orthogonal transducers if it is known to provide adequate information on the magnitude of the machine vibration. In general, however, caution should be observed in evaluating vibration from a single transducer at a measurement p
31、lane since it may not be oriented to provide a reasonable approximation of the maximum value at that plane. The characteristics of the measuring system should be known with regard to the effects of the environment including: temperature variations magnetic fields sound fields power source variations
32、 transducer cable length transducer orientation. Particular attention should be given to ensuring that the vibration-sensing transducers are correctly mounted and do not degrade the accuracy of the measurement. -,-,- ISO ISO 10816-4:1998(E) 3 NOTE The evaluation criteria in this part of ISO 10816 ap
33、ply to radial vibration on all bearings and axial vibration on thrust bearings. Figure 1 Measurement points on main bearings 4 Evaluation ISO 10816-1 provides a general description of the two evaluation criteria used to assess vibration severity on various classes of machines. One criterion consider
34、s the magnitude of observed broad-band vibration; the second considers changes in magnitude, irrespective of whether they are increases or decreases. 4.1 Criterion I: Vibration magnitude This criterion is concerned with defining limits for absolute vibration magnitude consistent with acceptable dyna
35、mic loads on the bearings and acceptable vibration transmission into the environment through the support structure and foundation. The maximum vibration magnitude observed at each bearing or pedestal is assessed against four evaluation zones established from international experience. The maximum mag
36、nitude of vibration measured is defined as the vibration severity. ISO 10816-4:1998(E) ISO 4 4.1.1 Evaluation zones The following evaluation zones are defined to permit a qualitative assessment of the vibration of a given machine and to provide guidelines on possible actions. Zone A: The vibration o
37、f newly commissioned machines would normally fall within this zone. Zone B: Machines with vibration within this zone are normally considered acceptable for unrestricted long-term operation. Zone C: Machines with vibration within this zone are normally considered unsatisfactory for long-term continuo
38、us operation. Generally, the machine may be operated for a limited period in this condition until a suitable opportunity arises for remedial action. Zone D: Vibration values within this zone are normally considered to be of sufficient severity to cause damage to the machine. Numerical values assigne
39、d to the zone boundaries are not intended to serve as acceptance specifications, which should be subject to agreement between the machine manufacturer and customer. However, these values provide guidelines for ensuring that gross deficiencies or unrealistic requirements are avoided. In certain cases
40、, there may be specific features associated with a particular machine which would require different zone boundary values (higher or lower) to be used. In such cases, it is normally necessary for the manufacturer to explain the reasons for this and, in particular, to confirm that the machine will not
41、 be endangered by operating with higher vibration values. 4.1.2 Evaluation zone limits Values for the zone boundaries are given in table A.1. The zone boundary vibration values were established from representative data provided by manufacturers and users. Since the data showed significant spread, th
42、e zone boundary values should be considered only as guidelines. The values in table A.1 apply to vibration measurements taken under steady-state operating conditions at rated speed or speeds. It should be noted, however, that the vibration of a gas turbine can be influenced by its mounting system an
43、d coupling arrangement to driven machines. This part of ISO 10816 does not provide different evaluation zone values for gas turbine driven sets mounted on rigid and flexible foundations. This is consistent with ISO 7919-4 which deals with shaft vibration for the same class of machines. However, ISO
44、7919-4 as well as this part of ISO 10816 may be revised in the future to give different criteria for gas turbine driven sets mounted on massive concrete foundations and those mounted on lighter, tuned steel foundations, if additional analysis of survey data on such machines shows it to be warranted.
45、 The common measurement parameter for assessing machine vibration severity is velocity. Table A.1 presents the evaluation zone boundaries based on r.m.s. (root-mean-square) velocity measurements. In many cases, however, it was customary to measure vibration with instruments scaled to read peak rathe
46、r than r.m.s. vibration velocity values. If the vibration consists mainly of one frequency component, a simple relationship exists between the peak and r.m.s. values and the zone boundaries of table A.1 may be readily expressed in zero-to-peak values by multiplying by2 . For gas turbine driven sets,
47、 it is common for the vibration to be predominantly at the running frequency of the machine. For such cases and when peak rather than r.m.s. values of vibration are being measured, a table equivalent to table A.1 can be constructed. The zone boundaries of table A.1 are multiplied by a factor of2 to
48、produce such an equivalent table for assessing peak vibration severity. Alternatively, the measured peak vibration values may be divided by2 and judged against the r.m.s. criteria of table A.1. 4.1.3 Axial measurements It is not common practice to measure axial vibration on the radial load carrying bearings of gas turbines during continuous operational monitoring. Such axial measurements are primarily used for periodic vibration surveys or for diagnostic purposes. When axial vibration is measured on an axial thrust bearing, the severity may be judged using the same criteria as for ra