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1、 Reference number ISO 11338-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11338-1 First edition 2003-06-01 Stationary source emissions Determination of gas and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Part 1: Sampling missions de sources fixes Dtermination sous forme gazeuse et particulaire d
2、es hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques Partie 1: chantillonnage Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 22:43:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without li
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6、tariat at the address given below. ISO 2003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the add
7、ress below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2003 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization fo
8、r Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 22:43:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 11338-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Forewordiv Introduc
9、tion v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references .1 3 Terms and definitions.2 4 Principles and minimum requirements for the three sampling methods .2 4.1 Principles.2 4.2 General minimum requirements for all sampling methods2 4.3 General preparation and sampling3 5 Method A Dilution method.4 5.1 Principle.4 5
10、.2 Minimum requirements.4 5.3 Preparation and sampling5 6 Method B (Heated) filter/condenser/adsorber method.7 6.1 Principle.7 6.2 Minimum requirements.7 6.3 Preparation and sampling7 7 Method C Cooled probed/adsorber method9 7.1 Principle.9 7.2 Minimum requirements.9 7.3 Preparation and sampling10
11、Annex A (informative) Applicability of the sampling methods12 Annex B (informative) Schematic presentations, dimensions and materials of some tested sampling devices 14 Bibliography .25 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Tech
12、nical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 22:43:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 11338-1:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national stand
13、ards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International orga
14、nizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given
15、in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75
16、% of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 11338-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Ai
17、r quality, Subcommittee SC 1, Stationary source emissions. ISO 11338 consists of the following parts, under the general title Stationary source emissions Determination of gas and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Part 1: Sampling Part 2: Sample preparation, clean-up and determination
18、Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 22:43:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 11338-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserve
19、d v Introduction Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of aromatic hydrocarbons, some members of which are probable and others possible human carcinogens. Human exposure to PAHs can occur via food, soil, water, air and skin contact with materials containing PAHs. While PAH are formed i
20、n natural processes (e.g. forest fires), man-made atmospheric emissions of these compounds originate from the combustion of coal, gas, wood and oil, from a range of industrial processes such as coke production, aluminium smelting and from vehicles. The quantification of atmospheric releases of PAH f
21、rom stationary sources is an important part of the environmental impact assessment of certain industrial processes. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 22:43:10 MDTNo
22、 reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 22:43:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without l
23、icense from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11338-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1 Stationary source emissions Determination of gas and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Part 1: Sampling 1 Scope This part of ISO 11338 describes methods for the determination of the mass con
24、centration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in flue gas emissions from stationary sources such as aluminium smelters, coke works, waste incinerators, power stations, and industrial and domestic combustion appliances. This part of ISO 11338 describes three sampling methods, which are here r
25、egarded as of equivalent value, and specifies the minimum requirements for effective PAH sampling. The three sampling methods are the dilution method (A), the heated filter/condenser/adsorber method (B) and the cooled probe/adsorber method (C). All three methods are based on representative isokineti
26、c sampling, as the PAHs are commonly associated with particles in flue gas. Information is provided to assist in the choice of the appropriate sampling method for the measurement application under consideration. This part of ISO 11338 is not applicable to the sampling of fugitive releases of PAHs. N
27、OTE Methods for sample preparation, clean-up and analysis are described in ISO 11338-2 and are intended to be combined with one of the sampling methods described in this part of ISO 11338 to complete the whole measurement procedure. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indis
28、pensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 4225:1994, Air quality General aspects Vocabulary ISO 9096:1992, Stationary source emissi
29、ons Determination of concentration and mass flow rate of particulate material in gas-carrying ducts Manual gravimetric method ISO 12141, Stationary source emissions Determination of mass concentration of particulate matter (dust) at low concentrations Manual gravimetric method Copyright Internationa
30、l Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 22:43:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 11338-1:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reserved 3 Terms and defini
31、tions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4225 and the following apply. 3.1 chimney stack or final exit duct on a stationary process used for the dispersion of residual process gases 3.2 mass concentration concentration of a substance in an emitted flue gas, exp
32、ressed in units of mass per cubic metre 3.3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PAH compound that contains two or more fused aromatic rings made up only of carbon and hydrogen atoms 3.4 stationary source emissions gases emitted by a stationary plant or process and transported to a chimney for dispersion
33、 into the atmosphere 4 Principles and minimum requirements for the three sampling methods 4.1 Principles Devices for the three sampling methods, illustrated in Figure B.1 (Method A), Figures B.2 and B.3 (Method B) and Figure B.7 (Method C), can be applied for the sampling of PAH from stationary sour
34、ces. They are regarded as likely to produce equivalent results, however no comparative trials have been published to establish this. In general, as PAHs are present in both the vapour phase and on particles, the PAHs are collected in several parts of the sampling train: the particle filter, condensa
35、te flask and solid or liquid adsorber. The choice of the sampling method depends on the measurement application (see Table A.1 and Table A.2). The three sampling methods A, B and C are discussed in detail in Clauses 5, 6 and 7, respectively. Annex A provides further information on the applicability
36、of the sampling methods. After extraction and clean-up, the PAH are quantified either by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using a fluorescence detector, diode array or UV detector, or by GC-FID/MS (low or high resolution MS). Applicable methods for preparation, clean-up and determinatio
37、n are described in ISO 11338-2. 4.2 General minimum requirements for all sampling methods The following steps shall be carried out irrespective of the sampling method chosen. a) Carry out isokinetic sampling at representative points in the duct cross-section, in accordance with ISO 9096. b) Before s
38、ampling, rinse the inside of the sampling device with acetone, dichloromethane or methanol and then with toluene. Alternatively, immerse the parts in methanol and subject them to ultrasonic vibration for 2 h, and subsequently dry at 150 C. Store these washings and analyse only if the results indicat
39、e that the sampler could have been contaminated before sampling, for example if the results unexpectedly exceed the relevant emission limit. c) Carry out a leak check before every sampling procedure. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Lice
40、nsee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 22:43:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 11338-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 3 If the joints in the equipment are of ground glass, any slight leak can be dealt with by wetting
41、 the joints with a small amount of clean water. Greases should never be used for this purpose. d) The minimum velocity in the sorbent bed shall be: for XAD-2 (thickness 50 mm, volume 35 cm3): less than 34 cm/s; for PU foam (thickness 50 mm, volume 98 cm3): less than 30 cm/s. e) Check each batch of f
42、ilters, solvents and reagents for preparation for background PAH levels. f) The glass parts of the sampling devices shall be protected from light during and after sampling, cooled after sampling and cleaned after the extraction procedure. g) Clean the probe thoroughly after each sample is taken. Add
43、 the probe rinse to the rinse from the rest of the sample. h) If the probe is contaminated with particles which cannot be easily removed, wipe away the particles with a quartz wool swab steeped in acetone. Extract this quartz wool swab together with the filter. i) If the sampling device is cleaned a
44、t the measurement site for reuse there, the probe, the nozzle, the filter casings and all other parts of the sampling apparatus which have been in contact with the sample gas and so could still be contaminated shall, after cleaning to remove the sample, be rinsed with acetone, dichloromethane or met
45、hanol and followed by a toluene rinse. As before, this sample shall be preserved in case of concern about cross-contamination between samples. j) Extract samples within 1 week and preferably within 24 h. Store the samples in the dark at 7 C. 4.3 General preparation and sampling The following steps s
46、hall be carried out irrespective of the sampling method chosen. a) Choose the sampling location with regard to the safety of the personnel, the suitability of the measurement cross-section (in accordance with ISO 9096), accessibility and availability of electrical power. b) Before the sampling start
47、s, determine the flue gas density, pressure, temperature and if possible the gas composition. In addition, to ensure isokinetic conditions, determine the velocity and temperature profile across the cross-section of the flue gas channel. Choose the correct size of the sampling probe nozzle calculated
48、 from the flue gas velocity and the approximate maximum flowrate achievable through the sampler to ensure that the sampler will be capable of isokinetic sampling at all the measurement points in the duct cross-section. c) The parts of the sampler which come into contact with the sample and which have been carefully cleaned in the laboratory shall be transported in clean boxes, all the components having been sealed carefully; assembled in situ, carefully