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1、 Reference number ISO 11451-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11451-1 Third edition 2005-02-15 Road vehicles Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy Part 1: General principles and terminology Vhicules routiers Mthodes dessai dun vh
2、icule soumis des perturbations lectriques par rayonnement dnergie lectromagntique en bande troite Partie 1:Principes gnraux et terminologie ISO 11451-1:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed
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5、use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2005 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, e
6、lectronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrighti
7、so.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reserved ISO 11451-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Forewordiv Introduction v 1 Scope1 2 Terms and definitions.1 3 General aim and practical use.4 4 General test conditions5 5 Instrumentation Test signal q
8、uality8 6 Test procedure 8 Annex A (normative) Function performance status classification (FPSC) 11 Annex B (informative) Constant peak test level14 Bibliography .17 ISO 11451-1:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide f
9、ederation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that co
10、mmittee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accor
11、dance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requir
12、es approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 11451-1 was prepared by Technic
13、al Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 3, Electrical and electronic equipment. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 11451-1:2001), which has been technically revised. ISO 11451 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles Vehicle t
14、est methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy: Part 1: General principles and terminology Part 2: Off-vehicle radiation source Part 3: On-board transmitter simulation Part 4: Bulk current injection (BCI) -,-,- ISO 11451-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved
15、 v Introduction In recent years, an increasing number of electronic devices for controlling, monitoring and displaying a variety of functions have been introduced into vehicle designs. It is necessary to consider the electrical and electromagnetic environment in which these devices operate. Electric
16、al and radio-frequency disturbances occur during the normal operation of many items of motor vehicle equipment. They are generated over a wide frequency range with various electrical characteristics and can be distributed to on-board electronic devices and systems by conduction, radiation or both. N
17、arrowband signals generated from sources on or off the vehicle can also be coupled into the electrical and electronic system, affecting the normal performance of electronic devices. Such sources of narrowband electromagnetic disturbances include mobile radios and broadcast transmitters. The characte
18、ristics of the immunity of a vehicle to radiated disturbances have to be established. ISO 11451 provides various test methods for the evaluation of vehicle immunity characteristics. Not all methods need be used for a given vehicle. ISO 11451 is not intended as a product specification and cannot func
19、tion as one (see A.1). Therefore, no specific values for the test severity level are given. Annex A of this part of ISO 11451 specifies a general method for function performance status classification (FPSC), while Annex B explains the principle of constant peak test level. Typical severity levels ar
20、e included in an annex of each of the other parts of ISO 11451. Protection from potential disturbances needs to be considered in a total system validation, and this can be achieved using the various parts of ISO 11451. NOTE Immunity measurements of complete vehicles are generally able to be carried
21、out only by the vehicle manufacturer, owing to, for example, high costs of absorber-lined shielded enclosures, the desire to preserve the secrecy of prototypes or a large number of different vehicle models. ISO 11452 specifies test methods for the analysis of component immunity, which are better sui
22、ted for supplier use. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11451-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1 Road vehicles Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy Part 1: General principles and terminology 1 Scope This part of ISO 11451 specifies general c
23、onditions, defines terms, gives practical guidelines and establishes the basic principles of the vehicle tests used in the other parts of ISO 11451 for determining the immunity of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy, regar
24、dless of the vehicle propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The electromagnetic disturbances considered are limited to continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields. A wide frequency range (0,01 MHz to 18 000 MHz) is allowed for the immunity testing in this and
25、 the other parts of ISO 11451. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 absorber-lined shielded enclosure shielded enclosure/screened room with radio frequency-absorbing material on its internal ceiling and walls NOTE The common practi
26、ce is for the room to have a metallic floor, but absorbing material may also be used on the floor. 2.2 amplitude modulation AM process by which the amplitude of a carrier wave is varied following a specified law, resulting in an AM signal 2.3 bulk current total amount of common mode current in a har
27、ness 2.4 compression point input signal level at which the measurement system becomes non-linear, when the output value will deviate from the value given by an ideal linear system 2.5 coupling means or device for transferring power between systems NOTE Adapted from IEC 60050-726. -,-,- ISO 11451-1:2
28、005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 2.6 current injection probe device for injecting current in a conductor without interrupting the conductor and without introducing significant impedance into the associated circuits 2.7 current (measuring) probe device for measuring the current in a conductor wi
29、thout interrupting the conductor and without introducing significant impedance into the associated circuits IEC 60050-161 2.8 degradation (of performance) undesired departure in the operational performance of any device, equipment or system from its intended performance NOTE The term “degradation” c
30、an apply to temporary or permanent failure. IEC 60050-161 2.9 dual directional coupler four-port device consisting of two transmission lines coupled together in such a manner that a single travelling wave in any one transmission line will induce a single travelling wave in the other, the direction o
31、f propagation of the latter wave being dependent upon that of the former NOTE Adapted from IEC 60050-726. 2.10 electromagnetic compatibility EMC ability of equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbance to
32、 anything in that environment IEC 60050-161 2.11 electromagnetic disturbance any electromagnetic phenomenon which may degrade the performance of a device, equipment or system, or adversely affect living or inert matter EXAMPLE An electromagnetic disturbance may be an electromagnetic noise, an unwant
33、ed signal or a change in the propagation medium itself. IEC 60050-161 2.12 electromagnetic interference EMI degradation of the performance of equipment, transmission channel or system caused by electromagnetic disturbance NOTE The English words “interference” and “disturbance” are often used indiscr
34、iminately. IEC 60050-161 2.13 forward power power supplied by the output of an amplifier or generator ISO 11451-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3 2.14 functional status performance level agreed between the customer and the supplier which is specified in the test plan 2.15 ground (reference) p
35、lane flat conductive surface whose potential is used as a common reference IEC 60050-161 2.16 immunity (to a disturbance) ability of a device, equipment or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an electromagnetic disturbance IEC 60050-161 2.17 immunity level maximum level of a giv
36、en electromagnetic disturbance incident on a particular device, equipment or system for which it remains capable of operating at a required degree of performance IEC 60050-161 2.18 narrowband emission emission which has a bandwidth less than that of a particular measuring apparatus or receiver IEC 6
37、0050-161 2.19 polarization property of sinusoidal electromagnetic wave or field vector defined at a fixed point in space by the direction of the electric field strength vector or of any specified field vector NOTE 1 When this direction varies with time, the property may be characterized by the locus
38、 described by the extremity of the considered field vector. NOTE 2 Adapted from IEC 60050-726. 2.20 pulse modulation PM process by which the amplitude of a carrier wave is varied following a specified law, resulting in an PM signal 2.21 electromagnetic radiation phenomenon by which energy in the for
39、m of electromagnetic waves emanates from a source into space NOTE By extension, the term “electromagnetic radiation” sometimes also covers induction phenomena. IEC 60050-161 2.22 electromagnetic radiation energy transferred through space in the form of electromagnetic waves IEC 60050-161 -,-,- ISO 1
40、1451-1:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 2.23 reflected power power reflected by the load due to impedance mismatch between RF source and the load 2.24 shielded enclosure screened room mesh or sheet metallic housing designed expressly for the purpose of separating electromagnetically the intern
41、al and external environment IEC 60050-161 2.25 standing wave ratio SWR voltage standing wave ratio VSWR ratio, along a transmission line, of a maximum to an adjacent minimum magnitude of a particular field component of a standing wave NOTE 1 SWR is expressed by the equation: () () 1 SWR 1 r r + = wh
42、ere r is the absolute value of the coefficient of reflection. NOTE 2 Adapted from IEC 60050-726. 2.26 (electromagnetic) susceptibility inability of a device, equipment or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an electromagnetic disturbance NOTE Susceptibility is the lack of immuni
43、ty. IEC 60050-161 2.27 transmission line system TLS field-generating device that works in a similar way to a TEM (transverse electromagnetic) wave generator EXAMPLE Stripline, TEM cell, parallel plate. 3 General aim and practical use The test methods, procedures, test instrumentation and levels spec
44、ified in ISO 11451 are intended to facilitate vehicle specification for electrical disturbances by narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy. A basis is provided for mutual agreement between vehicle manufacturers and component suppliers intended to assist rather than restrict. Certain devices are p
45、articularly susceptible to some characteristics of electromagnetic disturbance, such as frequency, severity level, type of coupling or modulation. Electronic devices are sometimes more susceptible to modulated, as opposed to unmodulated, radio- frequency (RF) signals. The reason is that high-frequen
46、cy disturbances may be demodulated by semiconductors. In the case of unmodulated signals, this leads to a continuous shift of, for example, a voltage; -,-,- ISO 11451-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 5 in the case of amplitude-modulated signals, the resulting low-frequency fluctuations may be
47、interpreted as intentional signals (e.g. speed information) and therefore disturb the function of the device under test (DUT) more severely. A single standard test may not reveal all the needed information about the DUT. It is thus necessary for users of ISO 11451 to anticipate the appropriate test
48、conditions, select applicable parts of ISO 11451 and define function performance objectives. The main characteristics of each test method in ISO 11451-2 to ISO 11451-4 are presented in Table 1. Table 1 Main characteristics of test methods in ISO 11451 Part of ISO 11451 Applicable frequency range Cou
49、pling to Test severity parameter and unit Provisions MHz ISO 11451-2 Off-vehicle radiation source 0,01 to 18 000 DUT and wiring harness Electric field (V/m) Absorber-lined shielded enclosure required ISO 11451-3 On-board transmitter simulation 1,8 to 18 000 DUT and wiring harness Power (W) Absorber-lined