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1、 Reference number ISO 13370:2007(E) ISO 2007 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13370 Second edition 2007-12-15 Thermal performance of buildings Heat transfer via the ground Calculation methods Performance thermique des btiments Transfert de chaleur par le sol Mthodes de calcul Copyright International Organ
2、ization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:33:37 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13370:2007(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded type
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5、mized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2007 All rights reserved. U
6、nless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. IS
7、O copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=
8、IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:33:37 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13370:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms, definitio
9、ns, symbols and units. 2 3.1 Terms and definitions. 2 3.2 Symbols and units 3 4 Methods of calculation. 3 5 Thermal properties . 4 5.1 Thermal properties of the ground. 4 5.2 Thermal properties of building materials. 5 5.3 Surface resistances 5 6 Internal temperature and climatic data. 5 6.1 Interna
10、l temperature. 5 6.2 Climatic data 5 7 Thermal transmittance and heat flow rate 6 7.1 Thermal transmittance . 6 7.2 Thermal bridges at edge of floor. 6 7.3 Calculation of heat flow rate 6 7.4 Effect of ground water 6 7.5 Special cases 7 8 Parameters used in the calculations 7 8.1 Characteristic dime
11、nsion of floor . 7 8.2 Equivalent thickness 8 9 Calculation of thermal transmittances . 8 9.1 Slab-on-ground floor 8 9.2 Suspended floor 9 9.3 Heated basement 12 9.4 Unheated basement 14 9.5 Partly heated basement . 14 Annex A (normative) Calculation of ground heat flow rate . 15 Annex B (normative)
12、 Slab-on-ground with edge insulation 20 Annex C (normative) Heat flow rates for individual rooms 24 Annex D (normative) Application to dynamic simulation programmes . 25 Annex E (normative) Ventilation below suspended floors 26 Annex F (informative) Periodic heat transfer coefficients . 29 Annex G (
13、informative) Thermal properties of the ground 33 Annex H (informative) The influence of flowing ground water 35 Annex I (informative) Slab-on-ground floor with an embedded heating or cooling system 37 Annex J (informative) Cold stores 38 Annex K (informative) Worked examples. 39 Bibliography. 48 Cop
14、yright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:33:37 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13370:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reser
15、ved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
16、 a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all mat
17、ters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circu
18、lated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsi
19、ble for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13370 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 2, Calculation methods. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13370:1998), which has bee
20、n technically revised. The following principal changes have been made to the first edition: Clause 4 contains a revised text to clarify the intention of the initial part of the former Annex A; the rest of the former Annex A is now contained in ISO 10211; 7.2 no longer contains a table of linear ther
21、mal transmittances: it is now recognized, as with other thermal bridging, that the wall/floor junction often needs to be calculated; 9.1 provides an alternative formula for well-insulated floors; 9.2 provides clarification for low-emissivity surfaces; Annex A contains formulae for cooling applicatio
22、ns; Annex B has incorporated minor revisions to the text for edge-insulated floors; Annex D has been revised; Annex F (formerly Annex C) has been changed to informative status. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111
23、111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:33:37 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13370:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Introduction This International Standard provides the means (in part) to assess the contribution that building produc
24、ts and services make to energy conservation and to the overall energy performance of buildings. In contrast with ISO 6946, which gives the method of calculation of the thermal transmittance of building elements in contact with the external air, this International Standard deals with elements in ther
25、mal contact with the ground. The division between these two International Standards is at the level of the inside floor surface for slab-on-ground floors, suspended floors and unheated basements, and at the level of the external ground surface for heated basements. In general, a term to allow for a
26、thermal bridge associated with the wall/floor junction is included when assessing the total heat loss from a building using methods such as ISO 13789. The calculation of heat transfer through the ground can be done by numerical calculations, which also allow analysis of thermal bridges, including wa
27、ll/floor junctions, for assessment of minimum internal surface temperatures. In this International Standard, methods are provided which take account of the three-dimensional nature of the heat flow in the ground below buildings. Thermal transmittances of floors give useful comparative values of the
28、insulation properties of different floor constructions, and are used in building regulations in some countries for the limitation of heat losses through floors. Thermal transmittance, although defined for steady-state conditions, also relates average heat flow to average temperature difference. In t
29、he case of walls and roofs exposed to the external air, there are daily periodic variations in heat flow into and out of storage related to daily temperature variations, but this averages out, and the daily average heat loss can be found from the thermal transmittance and daily average inside-to- ou
30、tside temperature difference. For floors and basement walls in contact with the ground, however, the large thermal inertia of the ground results in periodic heat flows related to the annual cycle of internal and external temperatures. The steady-state heat flow is often a good approximation to the a
31、verage heat flow over the heating season. In addition to the steady-state part, a detailed assessment of floor losses is obtained from annual periodic heat transfer coefficients related to the thermal capacity of the soil, as well as its thermal conductivity, together with the amplitude of annual va
32、riations in monthly mean temperature. Annex D provides a method for incorporating heat transfers to and from the ground into calculations undertaken at short time steps (e.g. one hour). Worked examples illustrating the use of the methods in this International Standard are given in Annex K. Copyright
33、 International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:33:37 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardiza
34、tion Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:33:37 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13370:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Thermal performance of
35、buildings Heat transfer via the ground Calculation methods 1 Scope This International Standard provides methods of calculation of heat transfer coefficients and heat flow rates for building elements in thermal contact with the ground, including slab-on-ground floors, suspended floors and basements.
36、It applies to building elements, or parts of them, below a horizontal plane in the bounding walls of the building situated for slab-on-ground floors, suspended floors and unheated basements, at the level of the inside floor surface; NOTE In some cases, external dimension systems define the boundary
37、at the lower surface of the floor slab. for heated basements, at the level of the external ground surface. This International Standard includes calculation of the steady-state part of the heat transfer (the annual average rate of heat flow) and the part due to annual periodic variations in temperatu
38、re (the seasonal variations of the heat flow rate about the annual average). These seasonal variations are obtained on a monthly basis and, except for the application to dynamic simulation programmes in Annex D, this International Standard does not apply to shorter periods of time. 2 Normative refer
39、ences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6946, Building components and building
40、elements Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance Calculation method ISO 7345, Thermal insulation Physical quantities and definitions ISO 10211, Thermal bridges in building construction Heat flows and surface temperatures Detailed calculations ISO 10456, Building materials and products Hygrother
41、mal properties Tabulated design values and procedures for determining declared and design thermal values ISO 14683, Thermal bridges in building construction Linear thermal transmittance Simplified methods and default values Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS und
42、er license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:33:37 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13370:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For
43、the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345 and the following apply. 3.1.1 slab on ground floor construction directly on the ground over its whole area 3.1.2 suspended floor floor construction in which the lowest floor is held off the ground, resulting in an air void b
44、etween the floor and the ground NOTE This air void, also called underfloor space or crawl space, may be ventilated or unventilated, and does not form part of the habitable space. 3.1.3 basement usable part of a building that is situated partly or entirely below ground level NOTE This space may be he
45、ated or unheated. 3.1.4 equivalent thickness thermal resistance thickness of ground (having the thermal conductivity of the actual ground) which has the same thermal resistance as the element under consideration 3.1.5 steady-state heat transfer coefficient steady-state heat flow divided by temperatu
46、re difference between internal and external environments 3.1.6 internal periodic heat transfer coefficient amplitude of periodic heat flow divided by amplitude of internal temperature variation over an annual cycle 3.1.7 external periodic heat transfer coefficient amplitude of periodic heat flow div
47、ided by amplitude of external temperature over an annual cycle 3.1.8 characteristic dimension of floor area of floor divided by half the perimeter of floor 3.1.9 phase difference period of time between the maximum or minimum of a cyclic temperature and the consequential maximum or minimum heat flow
48、rate Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/18/2007 00:33:37 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13370:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 3.2 Symbols and units The following is a list of the principal symbols used. Other symbols are defined where they are used within the text. Symbol Quan