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1、 Reference number ISO 13426-2:2005(E) ISO 2005 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13426-2 First edition 2005-04-15 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Strength of internal structural junctions Part 2: Geocomposites Gotextiles et produits apparents Rsistance des liaisons de structures internes Partie
2、 2: Gocomposites Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 08:01:28 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13426-2:2005(E) PDF discla
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5、 file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2005 All rig
6、hts reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of th
7、e requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license wit
8、h ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 08:01:28 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13426-2:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Forewordiv 1 Scope1 2 Normative references .1 3 Terms and definitions.
9、1 4 Principle.2 5 Conditioning atmosphere.3 6 Number of specimens to be tested .3 7 Test specimens .3 8 Apparatus.5 9 Test procedure 5 10 Calculations.6 11 Test report7 Bibliography .10 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Tech
10、nical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 08:01:28 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13426-2:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national stand
11、ards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International orga
12、nizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given
13、in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75
14、% of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13426-2 was prepared by the European Committee for Standar
15、dization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 189, Geosynthetics, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 221, Geosynthetics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). ISO 13426 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geot
16、extiles and geotextile-related products Strength of internal structural junctions: Part 1: Geocells Part 2: Geocomposites Part 3: Geogrids Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04
17、/20/2007 08:01:28 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13426-2:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Strength of internal structural junctions Part 2: Geocomposites 1 Scope This part of ISO 1
18、3426 describes index tests for determining the strength of the internal structural junctions of all geocomposites and of clay geosynthetic barriers. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the editio
19、n cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specifications ISO 9862, Geosynthetics Sampling and preparation of test specimens ISO 10318, Geosynthetics Terms an
20、d definitions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 10318 and the following apply. 3.1 failure point at which a geosynthetic ceases to be functionally capable of its intended use NOTE A material may be considered to have failed without rupt
21、ure. 3.2 geocomposite manufactured, assembled material using at least one geosynthetic product among the components, used in contact with soil and/or other materials in geotechnical and civil engineering applications 3.3 junction point or line where two of the geosynthetics components are connected
22、3.4 junction strength peak load attained during the test, reported to the unit width of the product NOTE The junction strength is expressed in kilonewtons per metre (kN/m). Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standar
23、ds 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 08:01:28 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13426-2:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3.5 peel test tensile test where two components of a geocomposite are separately clamped and one component is peeled away f
24、rom the other 3.6 rupture breaking or tearing apart of a geosynthetic 3.7 shear test tensile test where two components of a geocomposite are separately clamped and the failure occurs along the plane of the product 4 Principle Specimens are tested to measure the resistance of the junctions to differe
25、nt states of stress. The tests performed for geocomposites are as follows: Shear test (Test A Figure 1): After cutting a test specimen of wide width, one of the two geosynthetics making the junction is delaminated from the other for a certain length at each opposed edge, enough to ensure a good clam
26、ping. The delaminated portion is mounted in a clamp of a tensile testing machine, while the other geosynthetic at the opposite edge of the specimen is mounted in the other clamp. The specimen is tested at a constant rate of strain, until shear failure of the junction or tensile failure of one of the
27、 geosynthetics occurs. The corresponding tensile shear resistance is measured and recorded. Peel test (Test B Figure 2): After cutting a a test specimen of wide width, one of the two geosynthetics making the junction is delaminated from the other for a certain length at one edge, enough to ensure a
28、good clamping. The delaminated portions of the two geosynthetics are each mounted in one clamp of a tensile testing machine. The specimen is tested until failure occurs. The corresponding peeling resistance is measured and recorded. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 clamp 2 first geosynthetic componen
29、t 3 second geosynthetic component Figure 1 Shear test Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 08:01:28 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
30、 -,-,- ISO 13426-2:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 clamp 2 first geosynthetic component 3 second geosynthetic component Figure 2 Peel test 5 Conditioning atmosphere The test specimens shall be conditioned in the standard atmosphere for testing at (20 2) C and (
31、65 5) % relative humidity, as defined in ISO 554. The specimens can be considered to be conditioned when the change in mass in successive weighings made at intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0,25 % of the mass of the test specimen. Conditioning and/or testing in a standard atmosphere may
32、 only be omitted when it can be shown that results obtained for the same specific type of product (both structure and polymer type) are not affected by changes in temperature and humidity exceeding these limits. This information shall be included in the test report. 6 Number of specimens to be teste
33、d Five specimens shall be tested for each product for each of the machine and cross-machine directions and for each structural junction (if the geocomposite is made up of three or more different layers of geosynthetics and/or mineral materials). 7 Test specimens 7.1 Selection of test specimens Take
34、specimens in accordance with ISO 9862. 7.2 Dimension of test specimens Cut specimens according to the shapes and dimensions shown in Figures 3 and 4, respectively for Tests A or B. To monitor slippage and to make sure the applied force remains parallel to the longitudinal axis of the specimen, draw
35、two lines on the full width of the test specimen. These lines shall be parallel to each other, Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 08:01:28 MDTNo reproduction or netw
36、orking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13426-2:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved perpendicular to the test direction and at equal distances from the edges of the specimen. Their distance from each other shall be (155 2) mm for Test A and (95 2) mm for Test B. For specimens having d
37、iscrete structural junctions (i.e. welded points, stitching), it may be necessary to increase the dimensions of the test specimen to include at least one complete junction. Care shall be taken, when delaminating one geosynthetic from the other, not to change or reduce the characteristics of the junc
38、tion. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 first geosynthetic component 2 second geosynthetic component L is the laminated part D is the delaminated part Lo is the length of the laminated part Ld is the length of the delaminated part Figure 3 Shear test specimen Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 first geos
39、ynthetic component 2 second geosynthetic component L is the laminated part D is the delaminated part Lo is the length of the laminated part Ld is the length of the delaminated part Figure 4 Peel test specimen Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with
40、 ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 08:01:28 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13426-2:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 5 8 Apparatus 8.1 Tensile testing machine This is a tensile testing machine with a consta
41、nt rate of extension, in accordance with ISO 7500-1, in which the rate of increase of specimen length is uniform with time, fitted with jaws which are sufficiently wide to hold the entire width of the specimen and equipped with appropriate means to limit slippage or damage. 8.2 Clamps Compressive ja
42、ws should be used for most materials, but for materials where the use of these grips gives rise to excessive jaw breaks or slippage, capstan grips may also be used. It is essential to choose jaw faces that limit slippage of the test specimen, especially in the case of high-strength geotextiles. 9 Te
43、st procedure 9.1 Setting up the machine Adjust the distance between the jaws at the start of the test to obtain the required test specimen length 3 mm. Select the force range of the testing machine such that rupture occurs between 10 % and 90 % of full-scale force. Set the machine to the required sp
44、eed of (100 5) mm/min. If capstan grips are used, the distance between the centres of the capstan grips is used as a reference. The distance between the centres of the capstans at the beginning of each test shall, as far as possible, be kept equal to 160 mm for a shear test and 100 mm for a peel tes
45、t. The use of capstan grips shall be recorded in the test report. 9.2 Insertion of test specimen in the jaws Mount the test speciment (Test A or Test B type) centrally in the jaws. Take care that the specimen length is parallel to the direction of the applied force by positioning the drawn lines (se
46、e 7.2) parallel and as close as possible to the inside edges of the jaws. 9.3 Measurement of tensile properties Start the tensile machine and continue until the specimen fails or ruptures or until a total run distance of 100 mm for the shear test and of 200 mm for the peel test is reached. Record th
47、e force-deformation plot (see Figure 5). The mode of failure shall also be recorded for each specimen (either peel or shear or break of one or two of the geosynthetics). The decision to discard a test result shall be based on observation of the specimen during the test and on the inherent variabilit
48、y of the geosynthetic. In the absence of other criteria for rejecting jaw breaks, any rupture occurring within 5 mm of the jaws, which results in a value below 50 % of the average breaking strength, shall be discarded. No other results shall be discarded, unless the test is known to be faulty. It is difficult to determine the precise reason why certain specimens break near the edge of the jaws. If a jaws break is caused by damage to the test