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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6210:1983 Code of practice for The safe use of wire rope slings for general lifting purposes UDC 621.86.065.3:614.822 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 12:29:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6210:1983 This British Standard, having been prepare
2、d under the direction of the Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI on 31 March 1983 BSI 02-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard Committee reference MEE/18 Draft for comment 78/71881 DC ISBN 0 580 12502 5 Coo
3、perating organizations The Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee, under whose direction this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following: Associated Offices Technical Committee*Department of Transport Association of Consulting EngineersElectricity Supply Indust
4、ry in England and Association of Hydraulic EquipmentWales* ManufacturersEnergy Industries Council Association of Mining Electrical andEngineering Equipment Users Association* Mechanical EngineersFederation of Manufacturers of British Compressed Air SocietyConstruction Equipment and Cranes* British E
5、lectrical and Allied ManufacturersHealth and Safety Executive* Association (BEAMA)Institution of Gas Engineers British Gas CorporationInstitution of Mechanical Engineers* British Gear Manufacturers AssociationInstitution of Plant Engineers* British Internal Combustion EngineInstitution of Production
6、 Engineers Manufacturers AssociationLloyds Register of Shipping British Pump Manufacturers AssociationLondon Transport Executive* British Steel CorporationMinistry of Defence* Chartered Institution of Building ServicesNational Coal Board* Crown Agents For Oversea GovernmentsOil Companies Materials A
7、ssociation and AdministrationsProcess Plant Association Department of Industry (MechanicalSociety of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Engineering)Limited Department of Industry (NationalTelecommunication Engineering b) where the slings have different SWL ratings then the load that can be lifted is re
8、lated to the lesser SWL; 1) Guidance is given in clause 16 and Appendix A of BS 5744:1979. 2) Attention is drawn to the requirements of the Construction (Lifting Operations) Regulations 1961. Regulation 37(2) relates to the use of two single-leg slings. Included angle306090 0.970.870.71 ! 2 - -cos C
9、os ! 2 - Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 12:29:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6210:1983 2 BSI 02-1999 c) the attachment points of the slings to the load are far enough apart to give stability without exceeding 90. In the case of two single-legs used in basket
10、 hitch, the angle between any two diagonally opposite legs should not exceed 90 (see Figure 9 and Figure 11); d) when lifting unbalanced loads the individual legs are not overloaded (see Appendix A). Where loose bundles or smooth objects are to be lifted, double wrap choke hitch or double wrap baske
11、t hitch is preferable. 4.4 Multi-leg sling. A multi-leg sling may have two, three or four legs (see Figure 12 to Figure 14). A two-leg and four-leg sling should not be used at an included angle greater than 90 unless the sling is so marked. In no circumstances should the included angle exceed 120. A
12、 three-leg sling should not be used if any one leg makes an angle to the vertical greater than 45. 5 Use of wire rope slings by persons responsible for lifting loads 5.1 Before lifting a load 5.1.1 Ensure that the load is suitable for lifting with a wire rope sling. The sling should not be allowed t
13、o damage the load, nor should the sling itself be damaged. If the sling is to be attached to the load, the points used for attachment, e.g. lugs and eyebolts, should be suitable and adequate for the purpose of lifting the whole load. 5.1.2 Assess the weight of the load to be lifted. If the gross wei
14、ght is not marked, the information may be obtainable from the consignment notes, manuals, plans, etc. If there is no information, the weight should be assessed by a person competent to do so. 5.1.3 Ensure that the sling is strong enough. Having regard to the method of slinging, make sure that SWL of
15、 the sling is adequate for the load to be lifted. As far as is reasonably practicable the effective diameters of pins, hooks or other components over which soft eyes are used should not be less than twice the rope diameter for single part legs, and four times the rope diameter for double part legs (
16、spliced endless or grommet). NOTE 1Total load that may be lifted is that marked on the sling. NOTE 2A vertical or straight lift is only suitable for lifting a load which will be stable when suspended from a single lifting point. Figure 1 Vertical or straight lift Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffield
17、un, na, Wed Dec 06 12:29:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6210:1983 BSI 02-19993 NOTE 1The total load that may be lifted when the included angle does not exceed 90 is 1.4 that marked on the sling. NOTE 2A basket hitch should only be used when the sling is passed through part of the l
18、oad and the load is balanced on the sling. Figure 2 Basket hitch Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 12:29:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6210:1983 4 BSI 02-1999 NOTEThe total load that may be lifted is that marked on the sling. Figure 3 Simple choke hitch Licens
19、ed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 12:29:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6210:1983 BSI 02-19995 NOTEThe total load that may be lifted is 2 that marked on the sling. Figure 4 Doubled and choked Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 12:29:55 GMT+00:00 20
20、06, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6210:1983 6 BSI 02-1999 Figure 5 Example of offsetting load to provide a tilt Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 12:29:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6210:1983 BSI 02-19997 NOTEThe total load that may be lifted is that marked on
21、 the sling. Figure 6 Choke hitch double wrapped Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 12:29:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6210:1983 8 BSI 02-1999 NOTEThe total load that may be lifted when the included angle does not exceed 90 is 1.4 that marked on the single slin
22、g. Figure 7 Two single-leg slings used with direct attachment Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 12:29:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6210:1983 BSI 02-19999 NOTEThe total load that may be lifted when the included angle does not exceed 90 is 1.4 that marked on th
23、e single sling. Figure 8 Two single-leg slings used in choke hitch Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 12:29:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6210:1983 10 BSI 02-1999 NOTEThe total load that may be lifted provided that no included angle exceeds 90 is 2.1 that marke
24、d on the single sling. Figure 9 Two single-leg slings used in basket hitch Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 12:29:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6210:1983 BSI 02-199911 NOTEThe total load that may be lifted when the included angle does note exceed 90 is 1.4 th
25、at marked on the single sling. Figure 10 Two single-leg slings used in double wrap choke hitch Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 12:29:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6210:1983 12 BSI 02-1999 5.1.4 Ensure that the sling is in good condition. Slings found to be d
26、amaged or to have deteriorated to such an extent that they are considered not safe for use, should be withdrawn from service immediately (see clause 6). 5.1.5 Ensure that the load will be in balance when lifted. Attach the slings to designed lifting points where provided. If lifting points are not m
27、arked on the load, the position of the centre of gravity should be assessed. The type of sling and the slinging methods used should ensure that the load will not topple or slip (see clause 4). The supporting hook should be positioned directly above the centre of gravity. Where this is not practicabl
28、e, particular care should be taken when lifting the load (see 5.3 and Appendix A). 5.1.6 Ensure the load contains no loose accessories. If the load comprises a number of pieces, for instance a bundle of pipes, choose a slinging method which will secure all the pieces (see 4.1, 4.2 and Figure 4, Figu
29、re 6 and Figure 10). Do not attach sling to banding or strapping unless they are designed for the purpose. 5.2 Fitting the sling. When fitting the sling ensure that: a) sling legs are free of any tendency to kink; b) only the eye termination or link is placed on the crane hook; c) the terminations a
30、re properly seated without overcrowding; d) the load is effectively secured by the sling; NOTEThe total load that may be lifted provided that no included angle does note exceeds 90 is 2.1 that marked on the single sling. Figure 11 Two single-leg slings used in double wrap basket hitch Licensed Copy:
31、 sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 12:29:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6210:1983 BSI 02-199913 e) the relevant leg angle does not exceed that for which the sling is rated and marked (see 4.3); f) the sling is not bent around any corners that might damage or reduce the effect
32、ive strength of the sling. Where necessary suitable packing pieces should be used (see Figure 15); g) when using choke hitch: 1) the angle of choke is allowed to form itself naturally and is not forced; 2) a thimble or stirrup is used where practicable at the eye to reduce damage to the rope and the
33、reby prolong the life of both the eye and the main part of the rope; h) a sling in choke hitch is not used to turn, rotate or drag a load unless special precautions are taken to ensure that neither the sling nor the load is damaged: such special precautions may entail a reduction of the safe working
34、 load; i) to assist in the control of the swing or rotation of the load a tag line(s) or control rope(s) is available. 5.3 Raising or lowering the load. When raising or lowering the load ensure that: a) a recognizable code of signals is used which is fully understood by all concerned3); b) there is
35、nothing to prevent the free movement of the load, e.g. holding-down bolts or jointing; c) there are no obstacles, such as cables or pipes, which can be fouled and there is sufficient height for the lift; d) every person concerned with the operation can see and/or communicate with all other persons c
36、oncerned; e) all personnel are clear of the load; f) the load is in balance (see Appendix A); g) the load is raised or lowered steadily avoiding snatch loading; h) the sling is not trapped under the load. If necessary place suitable battens etc. in positions so that the load can be put down without
37、damage to itself and without trapping the sling; i) there are no free swinging legs; even when hooked back they might constitute a danger and should be subject to careful control. 5.4 Precautions. The following precautions should be taken. a) Do not allow ANYONE to ride on the load. b) Do not allow
38、the load to be carried over ANYONE without exercising due care. c) Do not leave a suspended load unattended. d) Do not drag slings on the floor. e) Do not expose the slings unnecessarily to corrosive liquids, solids, vapours or to excessive heat. 6 Inspection, thorough examination and discard criter
39、ia 6.1 General. During service slings are subjected to conditions which affect their safe working characteristics. It is necessary therefore to ensure, as far as is reasonably practicable, that the sling is safe for continued use. The sling should be inspected for damage or deterioration before bein
40、g issued for use, and thereafter be checked for obvious defects, at suitable intervals during service. Additionally, routine thorough examinations should be carried out by a competent person. If at any time there is reason to doubt the safe condition of the sling, it should be withdrawn from service
41、 and subjected to a thorough examination. 6.2 Inspection (for details see 6.4). An inspection is a visual check on the condition of the sling to identify damage or deterioration which might affect its fitness for use, such as: a) broken wires; b) distortion of the rope (crushing, kinking etc.); c) d
42、istortion of ferrules, splicing or fittings; d) excessive wear; e) heat damage; f) corrosion. 6.3 Thorough examination. A thorough examination is a visual examination carried out by a competent person, and where necessary supplemented by other means, such as non-destructive testing, in order to dete
43、ct damage or deterioration which might affect the fitness for use of the sling. It is an essential feature of this thorough examination that the results are documented. A routine thorough examination should be carried out at intervals not exceeding 6 months and this interval should be less where dee
44、med necessary in the light of service conditions or where required by statutory regulations. 6.4 Assessment of the condition of the sling and discard criteria 6.4.1 Broken wires4) 6.4.1.1 General. Broken wires are detrimental because of: a) the possibility of injury to users hands; b) the loss of st
45、rength in the rope. 3) See Figure 2 of BS 5744:1979. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 12:29:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6210:1983 14 BSI 02-1999 Broken wires are usually caused by mechanical damage, although corrosion may be a significant factor. The appear
46、ance of well distributed broken wires has no marked effect on the strength of the sling, but it might be indicative of mechanical or corrosive damage. Generally, the loss of strength caused by the mechanical or corrosive action on the rope as a whole is more critical than the loss in strength result
47、ing from the actual wire breaks. To prevent injury to the users hands, protruding wires should be broken off in the gusset by reverse bending until fracture occurs. 6.4.1.2 Randomly distributed breaks. If the total number of visible broken wires in any length of 10 rope diameters exceeds 5 % of the
48、total number of wires in the rope, the sling should be withdrawn from service and referred to a competent person for thorough examination. 6.4.1.3 Localized breaks. If there are three or more broken wires closely grouped (i.e. at a specific point in the rope) or in any one strand within a length of
49、6 rope diameters, the sling should be discarded. 6.4.2 Excessive wear. If surface wear reduces the measured diameter of the rope at any point to be less than 90 % of the nominal diameter, the sling should be discarded. 6.4.3 Corrosion. Corrosion may occur where slings have been improperly stored or have been used in particularly corrosive conditions, such as in moving loads in and out of acid/alkali baths. The effect is readily identified through the loss of flexibility and roughness to the touch. Whilst s