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1、 Reference number ISO 140-18:2006(E) ISO 2006 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 140-18 First edition 2006-11-15 Acoustics Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements Part 18: Laboratory measurement of sound generated by rainfall on building elements Acoustique Mesurage de lisoleme
2、nt acoustique des immeubles et des lments de construction Partie 18: Mesurage en laboratoire des bruits produit par la pluie sur les lments de construction Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 N
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8、 in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 21:38:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-
9、 ISO 140-18:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Equipment . 3 5 Test arrangement 3 6 Classification of rain types 4 7 Test equipment and procedure . 4 8 Expression of results . 9 9 Measur
10、ement uncertainty 9 10 Test report . 10 Annex A (informative) Example of a tank with perforated base 11 Annex B (informative) Reference test specimens. 14 Bibliography. 16 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standard
11、s 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 21:38:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 140-18:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS
12、O member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, gove
13、rnmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC
14、Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member
15、 bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 140-18 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommi
16、ttee SC 2, Buildings acoustics. ISO 140 consists of the following parts, under the general title Acoustics Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements: Part 1: Requirements for laboratory test facilities with suppressed flanking transmission Part 2: Determination, verificat
17、ion and application of precision data Part 3: Laboratory measurements of airborne sound insulation of building elements Part 4: Field measurements of airborne sound insulation between rooms Part 5: Field measurements of airborne sound insulation of faade elements and faades Part 6: Laboratory measur
18、ements of impact sound insulation of floors Part 7: Field measurements of impact sound insulation of floors Part 8: Laboratory measurements of the reduction of transmitted impact noise by floor coverings on a heavyweight standard floor Part 9: Laboratory measurement of room-to-room airborne sound in
19、sulation of a suspended ceiling with a plenum above it Part 10: Laboratory measurement of airborne sound insulation of small building elements Part 11: Laboratory measurements of the reduction of transmitted impact sound by floor coverings on lightweight reference floors Part 13: Guidelines (Technic
20、al Report) Part 14: Guidelines for special situations in the field Part 16: Laboratory measurement of the sound reduction index improvement by additional lining Part 18: Laboratory measurement of sound generated by rainfall on building elements Copyright International Organization for Standardizatio
21、n Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 21:38:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 140-18:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved v Introduction This part of ISO 140 prescribes a labor
22、atory method for the measurement of sound generated by rainfall on building elements using artificial raindrops produced by a water tank. Ideally, one should expose the test specimen to real rain for such measurements. But real rain is neither steady nor continuous with respect to time. Furthermore,
23、 raindrops can vary in diameter due to several factors, including geographic location, which will introduce variability in measured values. One can, however, use real raindrops as a means of validation of measured results obtained with artificial raindrops by building a test room in an unobstructed
24、location. For such research, it is important that the rain sensor or rain gauge is capable of measuring constant short interval rainfall rates. In the absence of drop size information, repeatability and fluctuations of the measured sound levels with real rain can be investigated by undertaking measu
25、rements separated by a time interval of at least 24 h. Artificial raindrop generation systems, other than the water tank used in this part of ISO 140, exist, such as hydraulic spray nozzles; however, so far, nozzles corresponding to the specifications given in this part of ISO 140 are not commercial
26、ly available: indeed, their flow rate is too high when the drop diameter is correct or the drop diameter is too small when the flow rate is correct. As a result, only the water tank solution is proposed in this part of ISO 140. An alternative to real rain or artificial raindrops is the dry mechanica
27、l excitation of the test specimen. Researchers have used different methods, such as excitation by an impact hammer and other mechanical impacting simulators, with an aim to simulate the noise of real rain. Such methods invariably suffer from the drawback that the noise source does not generate both
28、the sound levels and the sound spectra that compare well with corresponding values generated by the real rain on various types of test specimens. Further research work is encouraged to develop mechanical methods of rain noise generation that can match both the sound levels and spectra of real rain.
29、Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 21:38:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standa
30、rdization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 21:38:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 140-18:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1 Acoustics Measurement
31、 of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements Part 18: Laboratory measurement of sound generated by rainfall on building elements 1 Scope This part of ISO 140 specifies a laboratory method of measurement of the impact sound insulation of roofs, roof/ceiling systems and skylights excited
32、 by artificial rainfall. The results obtained can be used for assessing the noise to be produced by rainfall on a given building element in the room or space below. The results can also be used to compare rainfall sound insulation capabilities of building elements and to design building elements wit
33、h appropriate rainfall sound insulation properties. This part of ISO 140 is based on measurements with artificial raindrops under controlled conditions using a water tank in a laboratory test facility in which flanking sound transmission is suppressed. Measurements using real rain, although a useful
34、 means for validation purposes, are not included because of the variable, unpredictable and intermittent nature of real rain. Other mechanical simulation methods under investigation by researchers are not sufficiently well developed at present to adequately simulate real rain both in terms of sound
35、levels and spectra generated. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) appli
36、es. ISO 140-1:1997, Acoustics Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements Part 1: Requirements for laboratory test facilities with suppressed flanking transmission ISO 140-3, Acoustics Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements Part 3: Laboratory
37、measurements of airborne sound insulation of building elements ISO 3382-2, Acoustics Measurement of room acoustic parameters Part 2: Reverberation time in ordinary rooms ISO 10848-1:2006, Acoustics Laboratory measurement of the flanking transmission of airborne and impact sound between adjoining roo
38、ms Part 1: Frame document ISO 15186-1:2000, Acoustics Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements using sound intensity Part 1: Laboratory measurements IEC 60721-2-2, Classification of environmental conditions Part 2: Environmental conditions appearing in nature Precipitati
39、on and wind IEC 61260, Electroacoustics Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 21:38:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking p
40、ermitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 140-18:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved IEC 61672-1:2002, Electroacoustics Sound level meters Part 1: Specifications IEC 61672-2:2003, Electroacoustics Sound level meters Part 2: Pattern evaluation tests IEC 60942:2003, Electroacoustics Sound calibra
41、tors 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 average sound pressure level in a room L ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the space and time average of the squared sound pressure to the square of the reference sound pressur
42、e, the space average being taken over the entire room with the exception of those parts where the direct radiation of a sound source or the near field of the boundaries (walls, etc.) is of significant influence NOTE 1 The sound pressure level is given in decibels (dB). NOTE 2 If a continuously movin
43、g microphone is used, L is determined by the following equation: m 2 m 0 2 0 1/( ) d 10 lgdB T Tptt L p = (1) where p(t) is the sound pressure, in pascals; p0 is the reference sound pressure and is equal to 20 Pa; Tm is the integration time, in seconds. NOTE 3 If fixed microphone positions are used,
44、 L is determined by 222 12 2 0 . 10 lg n ppp L np + = dB (2) where p1, p2, , pn are r.m.s. sound pressures at n different positions in the room. In practice, usually the sound pressure levels Li are measured. In this case, L is determined by /10 1 1 10 lg10 i n L i L n = = dB (3) where Li are the so
45、und pressure levels L1 to Ln at n different positions in the room. 3.2 sound intensity level sound power level per unit area radiated by the test specimen into the test room below referenced to a value of 1 1012 W/m2 NOTE The sound intensity level is given in decibels (dB). Copyright International O
46、rganization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 21:38:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 140-18:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3 3.3 rainfall rate dept
47、h of water layer created by spreading the rainfall on a horizontal surface in a 1 h time interval NOTE The rainfall rate is given in millimetres per hour (mm/h). 3.4 volume median drop diameter value when 50 % of the total volume of water sprayed is made up of drops with diameter larger than the med
48、ian value and 50 % with smaller diameter NOTE The volume median drop diameter is expressed in millimetres. 4 Equipment The accuracy of the sound level measurement equipment shall comply with the requirements of accuracy classes 0 or 1 specified in IEC 61672-1:2002 and IEC 61672-2:2003. The complete sound measuring system including the microphone shall be adjusted before each measurement using a sound calibrat