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1、A Reference number ISO 13475-1:1999(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13475-1 First edition 1999-11-15 Acoustics Stationary audible warning devices used outdoors Part 1: Field measurements for determination of sound emission quantities Acoustique Dispositifs dalarme sonore fixes utiliss lextrieur Partie
2、 1: Mesurages sur le terrain des grandeurs dmission acoustique Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 00:30:44 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license
3、 from IHS -,-,- ISO 13475-1:1999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. Inter
4、national Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 Switzerland Internetisoiso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii Contents 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Terms and definitions 1 4 Test conditions .3 4.1 Test site 3 4.2 Mounting of apparatus3 4.3 Instrumentation3 4.4 Microphone
5、 positions .4 4.5 Measurement methods4 4.6 Ambient conditions .8 4.7 Test procedure.8 5 Acoustic characteristics 8 5.1 Test signals8 5.2 Duration of the measurement.9 5.3 Determination of the sound emission quantities .9 5.4 Measurement uncertainty .10 6 Information to be reported.10 Annex A (normat
6、ive) Supply conditions14 Annex B (normative) Calculation of combined expanded uncertainty.15 Bibliography19 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 00:30:44 MDTNo reprodu
7、ction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISOISO 13475-1:1999(E) iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
8、through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO coll
9、aborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees ar
10、e circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 13475-1 was prepared by ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise. ISO 13475 consists of the following parts,
11、 under the general title Acoustics Stationary audible warning devices used outdoors: Part 1: Field measurements for determination of sound emission quantities Part 2: Test room measurements Part 3: Outdoor propagation of warning signals over built-up areas Annexes A and B form a normative part of th
12、is part of ISO 13475. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 00:30:44 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13475-1:1999(E) ISO i
13、v Introduction ISO 13475-1 describes field measurements. The test methods are intended to produce field test values of the sound emission level of a siren as it is installed in an outdoor situation. These field test values may, together with the stated measurement uncertainties, be used to check the
14、 specifications of delivered sirens or to compare the performance of different sirens under the same conditions, emitting the same signals. ISO 13475-2 describes precision measurements. This method is intended to produce a generally valid specification of sirens for type tests, acceptance tests, or
15、for use in the design of outdoor warning systems, etc. In part 1 of ISO 13475, two types of field measurements are discussed. They are: a) Flat-plate measurements: this method uses a microphone placed on a flat plate which is located on the ground. During the measurement, the intended main sound rad
16、iation pattern of the warning devices is tilted toward the microphone and plate assembly. b) Horizontal measurements: this method is performed with the microphone placed at the same elevation as the centre of the audible warning device (at a preferred height of 10 m). Measurements made under optimal
17、 conditions in conformity with this part of ISO 13475 should result in standard uncertainties equal to or less than the values given in Table 1. The standard uncertainty for actual measurement conditions taking into account the cumulative effect of all causes of measurement uncertainty are treated i
18、n parts 1 and 2 of ISO 13475. Table 1 Uncertainty in determining immission-relevant C-weighted sound power levels for stationary audible warning devices ReferenceMeasurement method Expected expanded uncertainty Part 1: Field measurementsFlat plate2 dB Horizontal4 dB Part 2: Precision measurements1 d
19、B Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 00:30:44 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISOISO 13475-1:1999(E)
20、 1 Acoustics Stationary audible warning devices used outdoors Part 1: Field measurements for determination of sound emission quantities 1 Scope This part of ISO 13475 specifies the test conditions by which the sound emission level of stationary audible warning devices can be obtained. The methods ar
21、e applicable to sirens for use in public outdoor warning systems and sound signalling devices for use outdoors. The purpose of this test code is to be able to produce reliable sound emission level measurements for stationary sirens used for warning outdoors. This part of ISO 13475 does not cover spo
22、ken messages and contains no recommendations for specific warning signals. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 13475. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions
23、of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 13475 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative docume
24、nt referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC 606511), Sound level meters. IEC 608041), Integrating-averaging sound level meters. IEC 60942, Sound calibrators. IEC 61260, Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters. 3 Terms and d
25、efinitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 13475, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 siren audible warning device for use outdoors 1) These will be revised and combined as IEC 61672. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Lice
26、nsee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 00:30:44 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13475-1:1999(E) ISO 2 3.2 electronic siren siren that produces tonal sounds by amplifying the output of an electronic signal generator and broa
27、dcasting the amplified signal from one or more electrodynamic loudspeakers NOTE Such sirens may also be used for giving voice messages. 3.3 electromechanical siren siren that produces tonal sounds by flow interruptions generated in a rotating wheel NOTE Electromechanical sirens are mechanical sirens
28、 driven by an electric motor. 3.4 pneumatic siren siren that produces sound by periodically interrupting or modulating a flow of compressed air NOTE The air compressor may be integral with or separate from the flow interrupter. 3.5 horizontally omnidirectional siren siren that radiates sound approxi
29、mately uniformly (within a specified tolerance) in all horizontal directions from the siren at the specified frequency of the sound 3.6 directional siren siren that radiates most of its sound in one or more specific directions 3.7 rotating or oscillating siren directional siren that contains a mecha
30、nism which slowly rotates its beam of sound about a vertical axis 3.8 immission-relevant sound power level LW,imm sound power level from a monopole source that would give the same sound pressure level in the far field as the actual source NOTE It is expressed in decibels (dB). Table 2 Symbols Symbol
31、DefinitionUnit LpSound pressure level, ref. 20 mPadB LpCC-Weighted sound pressure level, ref. 20 mPadB LpCmax,FMaximum C-weighted sound pressure level, measured with time weighting F according to 4.5.3 dB LpCeq,TEquivalent C-weighted sound pressure level over a time period TdB LW,immImmission-releva
32、nt sound power level, ref. 1 pWdB LWC,immC-Weighted immission-relevant sound power level, ref. 1 pWdB Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 00:30:44 MDTNo reproduction
33、or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISOISO 13475-1:1999(E) 3 4 Test conditions 4.1 Test site The ground surface between the siren and the microphone shall be flat to within 1,0 m. The surface between the warning device and the microphone may be covered with grass and/or pavement.
34、There shall be no sound-reflecting object (e.g. building walls or roofs) within the horizontal plane containing the base of the sound source that are closer than twice the measurement distance from the source. All structures within three times the measurement distance from both the source and the mi
35、crophone shall be described. NOTE All surfaces near the sound source will reflect sound and, depending on their material, location, and orientation may bias the results of the measurements. The intent of above specifications is to minimize the effects of all reflections except those from the ground
36、surface. The accuracy of the field measurements depend on distance, reflecting objects, reflections off the ground, vertical directivity, near-field effects, and instrumentation. The contributions of uncertainty due to reflecting surface can be calculated according to the procedure in annex B. 4.2 M
37、ounting of apparatus The warning sound source to be tested shall be located at or above the manufacturers recommended installation height above the ground; see Figures 1 and 5 and corresponding text. The recommended height to the centre of the warning device (acoustic centre) according to this part
38、of ISO 13475 is 10 m above the ground. The mounting should be carried out in accordance with this part of ISO 13475 or the manufacturers recommendations. When the flat-plate measurement method is used (see 4.5), a tilt is recommended for sirens that are directional in the vertical plane. The tilt sh
39、all be at such an angle that the normally vertical siren axis is perpendicular to the direction to the microphone. If not tilted, the measured values shall be corrected using the vertical directional characteristics (see annex B). Power supply conditions shall be in accordance with annex A. 4.3 Inst
40、rumentation 4.3.1 Acoustical instruments 4.3.1.1 Equipment for determination of the sound pressure level The sound level meter or the equivalent measuring system, including the windshield as recommended by the manufacturer, shall fulfil the requirements of a class 1 or class 2 sound level meter acco
41、rding to IEC 60651 and IEC 60804. The diameter of the microphone shall be less than or equal to 13 mm, when using the flat-plate method (see 4.5.2). 4.3.1.2 Equipment for the optional determination of octave and one-third-octave-band spectra The filters shall meet the requirements of IEC 61260, clas
42、s 1 or class 2; parallel filters are preferred. The equivalent continuous sound pressure levels shall be determined simultaneously in octave or one-third-octave bands with centre frequencies from 50 Hz to 4 000 Hz. 4.3.1.3 Calibration of the measurement set-up The calibration of the complete sound m
43、easuring system, including any recording, data logging, or r.m.s. computing systems, shall be checked immediately before and after the measurement session at one or more frequencies using a sound calibrator. The calibrator shall fulfil the requirements of IEC 60942, class 1 or class 2, and shall be
44、used within its specified environmental conditions. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 00:30:44 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -
45、,-,- ISO 13475-1:1999(E) ISO 4 If a difference of 1,0 dB or more appears between subsequent calibration sessions, the instruments shall be checked and the measurements shall be rejected. 4.3.1.4 Calibration of the equipment and its traceability All equipment for sound measurements shall be checked r
46、egularly and shall be calibrated with traceability to national standards. Calibration intervals for sound calibrators should be 12 months and for other equipment 24 months. 4.4 Microphone positions Microphone positions are chosen in accordance with the measurement method. Windshields shall be used d
47、uring all measurements. The reference distance between the siren centre and the microphone is 30 m. The maximum distance between the siren and the microphone shall not exceed 50 m. For optimizing the measurement distance, uncertainties arising from near-field effects and ground effects shall be take
48、n into consideration; see annex B. 4.5 Measurement methods 4.5.1 General Two methods are described: the flat-plate method and the horizontal measurement method. The flat-plate method requires the microphone to be placed on a flat plate on the ground. This method results in a 6 dB increase of the sound pressure level via the controlled reflection of the plate (relative to the free-field value). However, in order to measure sound pressure levels of directive sirens, the main sound radiation pattern of the siren shall be directed tow