《ISO-13443-1996.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ISO-13443-1996.pdf（16页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、STD-IS0 13993-ENGL L99b 4853903 b72239 552 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 13443 First edition 1996-1 2-1 5 Natural gas - Standard reference conditions Gaz naturel - Conditions de rfrence standard This material is reproduced from IS0 documents under International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Co
2、pyright License number IHSIICCH996. Not for resale. No part of these IS0 documents may be reproduced in any form, electronic retrieval system or otherwise, except as allowed in the copyright law of the country of use, or with the prior written consent of IS0 (Case postale 56,1211 Geneva 20, Swikerla
3、nd, Fax +41 22 734 10 79), IHS or the IS0 Licensors members. Reference number IS0 13443:1996(E) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 02:53:02 MDTNo reproduction or net
4、working permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS0 13443:1996(E) Contents Page Introduction. . 1 Scope . 2 Normative reference 3 Standard reference conditions . Annexes A Factors for conversion between reference conditions B Equations for conversion between reference conditions C Symbols . D Examp
5、le calculations E National usage of reference conditions . F Bibliography . 3 5 7 8 10 11 8 IS0 1996 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm,
6、 without permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 CH-121 1 Genve 20 Switzerland Printed in Switzerland II Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards
7、1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 02:53:02 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD=ISO 13443-ENGL 299b 4853703 Ob92291 LOO IS0 IS0 13443:1996(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standar
8、ds bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organi
9、zations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are cir
10、culated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 13443 was prepared by Technical Committee isorrc 193, Natural gas. Annexes A and C form an integral part of this Intern
11、ational Standard. Annexes B, D, E and F are for information only. . 111 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 02:53:02 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted withou
12、t license from IHS -,-,- IS0 13443:1996(E) IS0 Introduction The multiplicity of so-called “standard reference conditions“ of tempera- ture, pressure and humidity (state of saturation) used in the measurement of natural-gas quality and quantity can cause much confusion. Failure to take unrecognized d
13、ifferences of reference conditions into account can have serious consequences in, for example, custody transfer applications. Often enough, even an experienced gas engineer may not recognize the potential for error, as the units of measurement usually employ identical terminology, irrespective of di
14、fferences in the reference conditions. All of the ambiguity and its undesirable consequences may easily be removed by the adoption of a single standardized set of reference conditions. The set chosen in this International Standard will be known as the IS0 stan- dard reference conditions. iv Copyrigh
15、t International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 02:53:02 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD-IS0 LIiiI-ENGL L77b = i851703 0b722V3 T83 D INTERNA
16、TIONAL STANDARD Q IS0 IS0 13443:1996(E) Natural gas - Standard reference conditions 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the standard reference conditions of temperature, pressure and humidity to be used for measurements and calculations carried out on natural gases, natural-gas substitutes
17、 and similar fluids. The primary application is expected to be in international custody transfer, where the reduction to a common basis of those physical attributes of a gas which describe both its quality and quantity will simplify the practice of world trade and commerce. 2 Normative reference The
18、 following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are
19、encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 6976: 1 995, Natural gas - Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe ind
20、ex from composition. 3 Standard reference conditions The standard reference (or base) conditions of temperature, pressure and humidity (state of saturation) to be used for measurements and calculations carried out on natural gases, natural-gas substitutes and similar fluids in the gaseous state are
21、288,15 K and 1 01,325 kPa for the real dry gas. The physical properties to which these IS0 standard reference conditions apply include volume, density, relative density, compression factor, superior calorific value, inferior calorific value and Wobbe index. Full definitions of these quantities are g
22、iven in IS0 6976:1995. In the cases of calorific value and Wobbe index, both the volume of gas burned and the energy released by combustion shall relate to the IS0 standard reference conditions. It is recognized, however, that in certain circumstances it may be impracticable or even unallowable to u
23、se the IS0 standard reference conditions. For example, national legislation or contractual obligations may demand the use of alternative reference conditions. For this reason, annex A provides factors for conversion between several sets of metric reference conditions which are known to be in regular
24、 use, and annex B gives equations which enable values of properties (relating to any other known reference conditions) to be converted to values for the IS0 1 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/997254500
25、1 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 02:53:02 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD-IS0 33YY3-ENGL L99b 4853703 Ob92244 91T IS0 13443:1996(E) Q IS0 standard reference conditions. Annex D gives some example calculations. Annex E gives the metric reference conditions wh
26、ich, at present time, are believed to be those in most common usage in the countries listed. NOTES 1 in IS0 50241 for use in the measurement of petroleum liquids and gases. 2 Among other considerations, the IS0 standard reference conditions have been chosen to conform with those standardized 288,15
27、K = 15C = 59F 101,325 kPa = 1,013 25 bar = 14,695 9 psia = 1 standard atmosphere (atm) 3 In IS0 6976:1995, a dry gas is defined as one for which the mole fraction of water vapour is less than 0,000 05, but this criterion is unnecessarily restrictive in the context of this International Standard, whe
28、re a mole fraction of up to 0,001 may be allowable. 4 The conditions 273.15 K, 101,325 kPa and 288,15 K, 101,325 kPa are commonly referred to as “normal“ and “(metric) standard“ conditions, respectively, in gas-measurement practice (see IGU/G-6414, IGU/G-73 1 5 1 and IGU/G-76 161). This usage should
29、 not be confused with “NTP“ (normal temperature and pressure) and “STP“ (standard temperature and pressure), both of which conventionally refer to the former conditions. The definitions of “normal“ and “standard“ given in IS0 7504*1 conflict with the usage given above, and are incorrect. 5 Good prac
30、tice requires that the relevant reference conditions are incorporated as part of the symbol (and not the unit) for the physical quantity represented wherever ambiguity is possible. For example: - use Z(273,15 K, 1 01,325 kPa) or Z(J“C = O, platm = 11, not Z , , for compression factor at “normal“ con
31、ditions; - use V(273.15 K, 101,325 kPa) m3 for the volume of gas in cubic metres at “normal“ conditions, not m , 3 , m3(n), nm3 or Nm3, and certainly not simply m3; - use V(r/“C = 15, p/kPa= 1 01,325) m3 for the volume of gas in cubic metres at “standard“ conditions, not mW), sm3 or m,3. Abbreviated
32、 versions such as Z(O), V(O)/mJ and V(15)/m3, respectively, are acceptable when no misinterpretation is possible. In the latter case, V(iSO)/m3 is probably the best designation. 2 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical
33、Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 02:53:02 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD-IS0 13443-ENGL L77b m q51703 Ob72245 85b m IS0 13443:1996(E) Annex A (normative) Factors for conversion between reference conditions To obtain the value of a prope
34、rty at the reference condition given in row ibl of table A.l from a known value in the same units at the reference condition in row al, multiply by the factor indicated. To carry out the reverse conversion, divide by the factor indicated. Conversions for properties of the ideal gas are expected to b
35、e accurate to within - 0,Ol % for all natural gases. For the real-gas volumetric properties (volume per unit amount, density, relative density, compression factor), the expected accuracy is -0,02 %, and for the real-gas combustion properties (calorific values, Wobbe index) - 0,05 %. Conversion facto
36、rs for non-metric (e.g. Imperial) reference conditions are not provided, as the continued use of these - particularly in international trade - is discouraged. Most non-metric reference conditions use a temperature base of 60 O F , but several distinct pressure bases have been invoked. Annex B provid
37、es equations which will allow the conversion of property values from reference conditions not shown in table A.l to equivalent values for the IS0 standard reference conditions. In table A.l, the pressure base for both combustion and volumetric metering is always 101,325 kPa and the gas is taken to b
38、e dry. 3 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 02:53:02 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD*ISO L34Li3-ENGL L99b m 4851903 Ob7
39、224b 772 D IS0 13443:1996(E) ia1 fi ibl fi Q IS0 20 20 15 25 25 25 20 20 15 to to to to to to to to to 15 O 0 O0 20 15 O0 15 O0 O0 Table A.l - Factors for conversion between reference conditions fi fi 25:20 25:20 25:20 25:OO 25:OO 15:15 to to to to to to 25:OO 15:15 0O:OO 15:15 0O:OO 0O:OO 1 Idealvo
40、lume 0,9829 0,931 8 0,9479 2 Ideal density 1,017 4 1,073 2 1,054 9 3 Ideal relative density 1,000 O 1,000 O 1,000 O 4 Compression factor 0,999 9 0,999 5 0,999 6 5 Realvolume . 0,9828 0,931 3 0,9476 6 Realdensity . 1,0175 1,0738 1,0553 7 Real relative density . 1,000 1 1,000 3 1,000 2 8 9 10 11 12 13
41、 14 15 Molar-basis ideal superior calorific value Molar-basis ideal inferior calorific value Mass-basis ideal superior calorific value . Mass-basis ideal inferior calorific value . Molar-basis real superior calorific value Molar-basis real inferior calorific value Mass-basis real superior calorific
42、value . Mass-basis real inferior calorific value 1,000 5 1,000 1 1,000 5 1,000 1 1,000 5 1,000 1 1,000 5 1,000 1 1,001 o 1,000 1 1,001 o 1,000 1 1,001 o 1,000 1 1,001 o 1,000 1 1,002 6 1,000 3 1,002 6 1,000 3 1,002 6 1,000 3 1,002 6 1,000 3 1,000 5 1,000 o 1,000 5 1,000 o 1,000 5 1,000 o 1,000 5 1,0
43、00 o 1,002 1 1,000 2 1,002 1 1,000 2 1,002 1 1,000 2 1,002 1 1,000 2 1,001 6 1,000 2 1,001 6 1,000 2 1,001 6 1,000 2 1,001 6 1,000 2 ia1 ibl 16 Volume-basis ideal superior calorific value 17 Volume-basis ideal inferior calorific value 18 Ideal Wobbe index 19 Volume-basis real superior calorific valu
44、e 20 Volume-basis real inferior calorific value 21 Real Wobbe index 1,073 2 1 ,O1 7 5 1,073 5 0,948 1 1,073 2 1 ,O1 8 4 1,076 O 0,948 9 1,073 8 1 ,O1 8 5 1,076 6 0,948 6 1,073 8 1 .O1 7 6 1,074 1 0,947 7 1,0736 1,0185 1,0764 0,9487 1,073 2 1 ,O1 8 4 1,076 O 0,948 9 1,002 6 1,056 6 ,000 3 1,055 1 ,00
45、2 6 1,0566 ,0026 1,057 O ,000 3 1,055 5 ,0026 1,056 9 4 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 02:53:02 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from I
46、HS -,-,- STD-IS0 13443-ENGL 199b 4851903 Ob72247 b27 0 IS0 IS0 13443:1996(E) Annex B (informative) Equations for conversion between reference conditions Equations B.l to B.21 allow the conversion of values of the properties listed from reference conditions T,/K, T2/K, p,/kPa and p2/kPa to the equiva
47、lent values in the same units of measurement at the IS0 standard reference conditions. The equations given are valid for the ranges: 270 T/K 300 and 95 p/kPa 105. The equations given use simple linear functions of temperature and pressure. These have been derived by approximating (dZ/dp), (dZ/d, (dZ
48、,r/t3T)p, 1 / Et(dEg/dT) and 1 / Hy(dH,?dT) as constants, the respective values being determined by trial calculations for a wide range of natural gases. The values used are (t3Zlap) = - 0,000 020/kPa (t3Z/t3Ip = + 0,000 025/K (dZ,i,/d, = + 0,000 O1 1/K 1 / Fg(dHg/dT) = - 0,000 1 O/K 1 / g;(t3;/ dT) = - 0,000 01/K The values of dgg/dp and dHF/dp are taken to be zero. Despite the simplicity of these approximations, it is expected that the accuracy of conversion will usually still be within the li