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1、Reference number ISO 14122-1:2001(E) ISO 2001 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14122-1 First edition 2001-05-15 Safety of machinery Permanent means of access to machinery Part 1: Choice of fixed means of access between two levels Scurit des machines Moyens daccs permanents aux machines Partie 1: Choix dun
2、 moyen daccs fixe entre deux niveaux ISO 14122-1:2001(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the co
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5、he Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2001 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from eithe
6、r ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 ? CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2001 All rights reserved -,-,- ISO 14122-1:2001(E)
7、 ISO 2001 All rights reservediii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body inte
8、rested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnica
9、l Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publicati
10、on as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 14122 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
11、rights. International Standard ISO 14122-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with ISO Technical Committee TC 199, Safety of machinery, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). Throughout the text
12、 of this standard, read “.this European Standard.“ to mean “.this International Standard.“. ISO 14122 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of machinery Permanent means of access to machinery: Part 1: Choice of fixed means of access between two levels Part 2: Working platfo
13、rms and walkways Part 3: Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails Part 4: Fixed ladders Annex A of this part of ISO 14122 is for information only. For the purposes of this part of ISO 14122, the CEN annex regarding fulfilment of European Council Directives has been removed. -,-,- ISO 14122-1:2001(E) iv I
14、SO 2001 All rights reserved ContentsPage Forewordv Introductionvi 1Scope 1 2Normative references1 3Terms and definitions1 4Significant hazards3 5Requirements for the selection of the fixed means of access3 5.1General3 5.2Preferred means of access.4 5.3Selection of the means of access 4 5.3.1Basic so
15、lutions 4 5.3.2Conditions for the selection of stepladder or ladder.4 5.4Choice among lift, ramp or stair.5 5.5Selection between stepladder and ladder.6 6Assembly instructions 7 Annex A (informative) Examples of the changes in the machine or system to make better access possible.8 Bibliography9 -,-,
16、- ISO 14122-1:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reservedv Foreword The text of EN ISO 14122-1:2001 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of machinery“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 199 “Safety of machinery“. This European S
17、tandard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2001. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given t
18、o CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria,
19、 Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. -,-,- ISO 14122-1:2001(E) vi ISO 2001 All rights reserved Introduction EN ISO 14122 consists of the following pa
20、rts, under the general title “Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery“ : Part 1 :Choice of a fixed means of access between two levels Part 2 :Working platforms and walkways Part 3 :Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails Part 4 :Fixed ladders. This part of EN ISO 14122 is a type B s
21、tandard as stated in EN 1070. This document is to be read in conjunction with clause 1.6.2 “Access to operating position and servicing points“ and 1.5.15 “Risk of slipping, tripping or falling“ of the essential safety requirements expressed in annex A of EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995. See also 6.2.4 “Provis
22、ion for safe access to machinery“ of EN 292-2:1991. For the significant hazards covered by this part of EN ISO 14122, see clause 4. The provisions of this document may be supplemented or modified by a type C standard. NOTE 1For machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which h
23、ave been designed and built according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of this type B standard. “ NOTE 2The use of materials other than metals (wood composite materials, so-called “advanced“ materials, etc.) does not alter
24、 the application of thispart of EN ISO 14122. Annex A is for information only. This part of EN ISO 14122 contains a Bibliography. -,-,- ISO 14122-1:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved1 1Scope This part of EN ISO 14122 defines the general requirements for safe access to machines mentioned in EN 292-
25、2. It gives advice about the correct choice of access means when the necessary access to the machine is not possible directly from the ground level or from a floor. This part of EN ISO 14122 applies to all machinery (stationary and mobile) where fixed means of access are necessary. This part of EN I
26、SO 14122 applies to means of access which are a part of a machine. This part of EN ISO 14122 may also apply to means of access to that part of the building (e.g. working platforms, walkways, ladders) where the machine is installed, providing the main function of that part of the building is to provi
27、de a means of access to the machine. NOTEThis part of EN ISO 14122 may be used also for means of access which are outside the scope of this part of EN ISO 14122. In those cases the possible relevant national or other regulations should be taken into account. This part of EN ISO 14122 applies also to
28、 access means specific to the machine which are not permanently fixed to the machine and which may be removed or moved to the side for some operations of the machine (e.g. changing tools in a large press). This part of EN ISO 14122 does not apply to lifts, to moveable elevating platforms or other de
29、vices specially designed to lift persons between two levels 2Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafte
30、r. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 2921:1991 (IS
31、O/TR 12100-1), Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1 : Basic terminology, methodology EN 292-2/A1 (ISO/TR 12100-2), Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2 : Technical principles and specifications EN 1050 (ISO 14121), Safety of mac
32、hinery Principles for risk assessment EN 1070, Safety of machinery Terminology EN ISO 14122-2, Safety of machinery Permanents means of access to machinery Part 2: Working platforms and walkways EN ISO 14122-3, Safety of machinery Permanents means of access to machinery Part 3: Stairs, stepladders an
33、d guard-rails prEN ISO 14122-4:1996, Safety of machinery Permanent means of access to machinery Part 4: Fixed ladders 3Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of EN ISO 14122, the terms and definitions stated in EN 1070 “Safety of machinery - Terminology“ and the following terms and defi
34、nitions apply (see also Figure 5). -,-,- ISO 14122-1:2001(E) 2 ISO 2001 All rights reserved 3.1 ladder fixed means of access with an angle of pitch from more than 75 to 90 , whose horizontal elements are rungs (see Figure 1) Figure 1 75 angle of pitch ? ? ? ? 90 3.2 stepladder fixed means of access
35、with an angle of pitch from more than 45 up to 75 , whose horizontal elements are steps (see Figure 2) Figure 2 45 slope angle ? ? ? ? 75 3.3 stair fixed means of access with an angle of pitch from more than 20 up to 45 , whose horizontal elements are steps (see Figure 3) Figure 3 20 angle of pitch
36、? ? ? ? 45 -,-,- ISO 14122-1:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved3 3.4 ramp fixed means of access, comprising a continuous inclined plane having an angle of pitch from more than 0 up to 20 (see Figure 4) Figure 4 0 angle of pitch ? ? ? ? 20 4Significant hazards The significant hazards to be consider
37、ed when determining the type and location of the means of access are the following: a)Falling. b)Slipping. c)Tripping. d)caused by excessive physical effort, e.g. from climbing a series of ladders. e)from falling of materials or objects when they may cause a risk to persons. Other hazards generated
38、by the machinery, e.g. caused by the functioning of the machinery (moving parts of the machine, movement of the machine itself (mobile machines), radiation, hot surface, noise, steam, hot liquids) or caused by its environment (harmful airborne substances) are not covered by this part of EN ISO 14122
39、 but the designer of the machine should consider them, e.g. by preventing the access. NOTEEN 1050 gives principles for risk assessment. This part of EN ISO 14122 is primarily aimed at the prevention of persons falling and of excessive physical efforts. 5Requirements for the selection of the fixed me
40、ans of access 5.1General There shall be a safe and convenient means of access to all the zones and points of the machine where the need for access can be foreseen during the phases of the “life“ of the machinery (see 3.11 of EN 292-1:1991). -,-,- ISO 14122-1:2001(E) 4 ISO 2001 All rights reserved 5.
41、2Preferred means of access The preferred means of access to the machinery shall be in the following order : a)access directly from the ground level or from a floor, (for more details see 5.3.1.1 and EN ISO 14122-2) ; b)lifts, ramps or stairs, (for more details see 5.4) ; c)stepladders or ladders, (f
42、or more details see 5.5). 5.3Selection of the means of access 5.3.1Basic solutions 5.3.1.1Whenever possible, access to control devices and other parts of the machine is preferred from either a ground level or a floor. This is particularly important where frequent access is required. 5.3.1.2If level
43、access according to 5.3.1.1 is not possible or practicable, a lift or suitable ramp with an angle of pitch less than 10 (see 5.4.b) or stairs with an angle of pitch from a minimum of 30 to maximum of 38 (see 5.4.c) shall normally be selected as a safe and suitable basic solution for the necessary ac
44、cess. 5.3.2Conditions for the selection of stepladder or ladder 5.3.2.1In the design of access to machinery, stepladders and ladders shall be avoided as far as practicable due to the higher risk of falling and because of the higher physical efforts when using these access means. 5.3.2.2If access mea
45、ns according to 5.3.1 are not possible, selection of a stepladder or ladder may be considered. The final decision shall be made on the basis of the risk assessment, including ergonomic aspects. If the level of risk (see EN 1050) is considered to be too high, the basic construction of the means of ac
46、cess to the machine shall be changed to allow accessways with a reduced risk to be used (see 5.3.1 and annex A). 5.3.2.3The following list presents some examples of the cases when a stepladder or ladder may be selected. These are only examples - the final selection shall always be done case by case
47、on the basis of risk assessment. In most cases more than one of the conditions in the following list shall be fulfilled to make the selection of a stepladder or ladder possible. a)Short vertical distance. b)The means of access is foreseen to be used infrequently. NOTEWhen estimating the frequency of
48、 the use, the whole life of the machinery is considered. If the means of access is to be used frequently, e.g. during the assembly or installation of the machine or during periodical major maintenance tasks, a stepladder or ladder is not an adequate solution. c)The user will not be carrying any large tools or any other equipment when using the means of access. ISO 14122-1:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved5 d)Only o