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1、A Reference number ISO 14163:1998(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14163 First edition 1998-10-15 Acoustics Guidelines for noise control by silencers Acoustique Lignes directrices pour la rduction du bruit au moyen de silencieux Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS u
2、nder license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/07/2007 03:06:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14163:1998(E) ISO 1998 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
3、 or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 Switzerland Internetisoiso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii Contents
4、 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Specification, selection and design considerations4 4.1 Requirements to be specified .4 4.2 Selection and layout of silencers4 4.3 Design of special silencers5 5 Types of silencers, general principles and operational considerations5 5.1
5、Overview5 5.2 Acoustic and aerodynamic performance of silencers7 5.3 Sound propagation paths7 5.4 Acoustic installation effect8 5.5 Abrasion resistance and protection of absorbent surfaces.9 5.6 Fire hazards and protection against explosion.9 5.7 Starting-up and closing-down of plants.9 5.8 Corrosio
6、n.9 5.9 Hygienic requirements and risk of contamination9 5.10 Inspection and cleaning, decontamination10 6 Performance characteristics of types of silencers.10 6.1 Dissipative silencers .10 6.2 Reactive silencers 22 6.3 Blow-off silencers 29 Copyright International Organization for Standardization P
7、rovided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/07/2007 03:06:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISOISO 14163:1998(E) iii 7 Measurement techniques .30 7.1 Laboratory measurements 30 7.2 Measurements in
8、situ.31 7.3 Measurements on vehicles31 8 Information on silencers.31 8.1 Information to be provided by the user31 8.2 Information to be provided by the manufacturer 32 Annex A (informative) Applications 33 Annex B (informative) Effect of spectral distribution of sound on the declaration of attenuati
9、on in one-third-octave or octave bands.40 Annex C (informative) Operating temperatures of sound sources and temperature limits of sound-absorbent materials42 Bibliography43 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standar
10、ds 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/07/2007 03:06:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14163:1998(E) ISO iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The wor
11、k of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governme
12、ntal, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft
13、 International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 14163 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43
14、, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise. Annexes A to C of this International Standard are for information only. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/07/2007 03:06:39 MDTNo repr
15、oduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISOISO 14163:1998(E) v Introduction Whenever airborne sound cannot be controlled at the source, silencers provide a powerful means of sound reduction in the propagation path. Silencers have numerous applications and different designs ba
16、sed on various combinations of absorption and reflection of sound, as well as on reaction on the sound source. This International Standard offers a systematic description of principles, performance data and applications of silencers. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided
17、by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/07/2007 03:06:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Tec
18、hnical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/07/2007 03:06:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISOISO 14163:1998(E) 1 Acoustics Guidelines for noise control by silencers 1 Scope This International Standard deals with the practical s
19、election of silencers for noise control in gaseous media. It specifies the acoustical and operational requirements which are to be agreed upon between the supplier or manufacturer and the user of a silencer. The basic principles of operation are described in this International Standard, but it is no
20、t a silencer design guide. The silencers described are suitable, among others, for attenuating system noise and preventing crosstalk in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) equipment; for preventing or reducing sound transmission through ventilation openings from rooms with high inside s
21、ound levels; for attenuating blow-off noise generated by high-pressure lines; for attenuating intake and exhaust noise generated by internal combustion engines; and for attenuating intake and outlet noise from fans, compressors and turbines. They are classified according to their types, performance
22、characteristics and applications. Active and adaptive passive noise-control systems are not covered in detail in this International Standard. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International
23、 Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indica
24、ted below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 3741, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressures Precision methods
25、for reverberation rooms. ISO 3744, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources Engineering methods for free-field conditions over a reflecting plane. ISO 7235, Acoustics Measurement procedures for ducted silencers Insertion loss, flow noise and total pressure loss. ISO 11691, Acou
26、stics Measurement of insertion loss of ducted silencers without flow Laboratory survey method. ISO 11820, Acoustics Testing of silencers in situ. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Res
27、ale, 04/07/2007 03:06:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14163:1998(E) ISO 2 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 silencer device reducing sound transmission through a duc
28、t, a pipe or an opening without preventing the transport of the medium 3.2 dissipative silencer absorptive silencer silencer providing for broad-band sound attenuation with relatively little pressure loss by partially converting sound energy to heat through friction in porous or fibrous duct linings
29、 3.3 reactive silencer general term for reflective and resonator silencers where the majority of the attenuation does not involve sound energy dissipation 3.4 reflective silencer silencer providing for single or multiple reflections of sound by changes in the cross-section of the duct, duct linings
30、with resonators, or branchings to duct sections with different lengths 3.5 resonator silencer silencer providing for sound attenuation at weakly damped resonances of elements NOTE The elements may or may not contain absorbent material. 3.6 blow-off silencer silencer used in steam blow-off and pressu
31、re release lines throttling the gas flow by a considerable pressure loss in porous material and providing sound attenuation by lowering the flow velocity at the exit and reacting on the source of the sound (such as a valve) 3.7 active silencer silencer providing for the reduction of sound through in
32、terference effects by means of sound generated by controlled auxiliary sound sources NOTE Mostly low-order modes of sound in ducts are affected. 3.8 adaptive passive silencer silencer with passive sound-attenuating elements dynamically tuned to the sound field 3.9 insertion loss, Di difference betwe
33、en the levels of the sound powers propagating through a duct or an opening with and without the silencer NOTE 1 The insertion loss is expressed in decibels, dB. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 7235. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA
34、 Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/07/2007 03:06:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISOISO 14163:1998(E) 3 3.10 insertion sound pressure level difference Dip difference between the sound pressure levels occurring at an immission point, with
35、out a significant level of extraneous sound, without and with the silencer installed NOTE 1 The insertion sound pressure level difference is expressed in decibels, dB. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 11820. 3.11 transmission loss Dt difference between the levels of the sound powers incident on and transmitt
36、ed through the silencer NOTE 1 The transmission loss is expressed in decibels, dB. NOTE 2 For standard test laboratories Dt equals Di, whereas results for Dt and Di obtained from in situ measurements may often differ due to limited measurement possibilities. NOTE 3 Adapted from ISO 11820. 3.12 disco
37、ntinuity attenuation Ds that portion of the insertion loss of a silencer or silencer section due to discontinuities NOTE The discontinuity attenuation is expressed in decibels, dB. 3.13 propagation loss Da decrease in sound pressure level per unit length which occurs in the midsection of a silencer
38、with constant cross- section and uniform longitudinal design, characterizing the longitudinal attenuation of the fundamental mode NOTE The propagation loss is expressed in decibels per metre, dB/m. 3.14 outlet reflection loss Dm difference between the levels of the sound power incident on and transm
39、itted through the open end of a duct NOTE The outlet reflection loss is expressed in decibels, dB. 3.15 modes spatial distributions (or transverse standing wave patterns) of the sound field in a duct that occur independently from one another and suffer a different attenuation NOTE The fundamental mo
40、de is least attenuated. In narrow and in lined ducts, higher-order modes suffer substantially higher attenuation. 3.16 cut-on frequency lower frequency limit for propagation of a higher-order mode in a hard-walled duct NOTE 1 The cut-on frequency is expressed in hertz, Hz. NOTE 2 In a duct of circul
41、ar cross-section, the cut-on frequency for the first higher-order mode is fcC = 0,57c/C where c is the speed of sound and C is the duct diameter. In a rectangular duct with larger dimension H, fcH = 0,5c/H. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with I
42、SO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/07/2007 03:06:39 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14163:1998(E) ISO 4 3.17 pressure loss pt difference between the mean total pressures upstream and downstream of the silencer NOTE 1 The
43、 pressure loss is expressed in pascals, Pa. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 7235. 3.18 regenerated sound flow noise flow noise caused by the flow conditions in the silencer. NOTE Sound power levels of regenerated sound and pressure losses measured in laboratory tests are related to a laterally uniform flow
44、distribution at the inlet of the silencer. If this uniform flow distribution is not attainable under in situ conditions, for example because of the upstream duct design, higher levels of regenerated sound and higher pressure losses will occur. 4 Specification, selection and design considerations 4.1
45、 Requirements to be specified 4.1.1 In general, the sound pressure level (A-weighted, one-third-octave or full-octave) shall not exceed a specified value at a specified position (e.g. at a work station, in the neighbourhood, or in a recreation room). The permissible contribution from a sound source
46、can then be determined in terms of the sound power level and the directivity index of that source using sound propagation laws and requirements concerning the allocation of contributions to several partial sound sources. The required insertion loss of the silencer is given by the difference between
47、the permissible and the actual sound power level of the source. In simple cases where the sound immission is determined solely by the sound source to be attenuated, the necessary insertion sound pressure level difference of the silencer can be calculated directly from the difference between the perm
48、issible and the actual sound pressure level at the immission point. When the difference in directivity indices with and without the silencer is negligible, the insertion sound pressure level difference equals the insertion loss of the silencer. 4.1.2 The permissible pressure loss shall not be exceeded. NOTE This requirement should be specified as clearly as possible. Instead of the imprecise specification “as small as possible“, a sensibl