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1、A Reference number ISO 14123-1:1998(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14123-1 First edition 1998-04-15 Safety of machinery Reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by machinery Part 1: Principles and specifications for machinery manufacturers Scurit des machines Rduction des risque
2、s pour la sant rsultant de substances dangereuses mises par des machines Partie 1: Principes et spcifications lintention des constructeurs de machines ISO 14123-1:1998(E) ISO 1998 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form o
3、r by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 Switzerland Internetcentraliso.ch X.400c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central Printed i
4、n Switzerland ii Contents 1 Scope1 2 Normative reference1 3 Definitions 1 4 Risk assessment2 5 Types of emissions3 6 Requirements and/or measures for elimination and/or reduction of risk5 7 Information for use and maintenance5 8 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures6 Annex AExamples of
5、 measures for reduction of exposure to hazardous substances .7 Annex BBibliography .9 ISOISO 14123-1:1998(E) iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards
6、 is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take p
7、art in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Sta
8、ndard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 14123-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) (as EN 626-1:1994) and was adopted, under a special “fast-track procedure“, by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of m
9、achinery, with its approval by the ISO member bodies. ISO 14123 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of machinery Reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by machinery: Part 1: Principles and specifications for machinery manufacturers Part 2: Methodol
10、ogy leading to verification procedures. Annexes A and B of this part of ISO 14123 are for information only. ISO 14123-1:1998(E) ISO iv Introduction This part of ISO 14123 has been produced to assist designers, manufacturers and other interested bodies to interpret essential safety requirements in or
11、der to achieve conformity with European Legislation on machinery safety. ISO 14123-1 (EN 626-1) is one of a series of standards produced by CEN/CENELEC under mandates from CEC and EFTA. This series has been divided into several categories to avoid duplication and to develop a logical structure which
12、 will enable rapid production of standards and easy cross-reference between them. The hierarchy of standards is as follows: a) Type A standards (generic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects that can be applied to all machinery. b) Type B standards (grou
13、p safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one type of safety-related device that can be used across a wide range of machinery: type B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise, etc.). type B2 standards are safety related devices (e.g. two-
14、hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure-sensitive devices, etc.). c) Type C standards (machine safety standards) giving detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines defined in the scope of the standard. This is a type B1 standard and its primary purpose is to give
15、 guidance to the writers of type C standards when machines are identified as emitting hazardous substances as a significant risk. This part of ISO 14123 may also be used as guidance in controlling the risk where there is no type C standard for a particular machine. -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISOIS
16、O 14123-1:1998(E) 1 Safety of machinery Reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by machinery Part 1: Principles and specifications for machinery manufacturers 1 Scope This part of ISO 14123 deals with principles for the control of risks to health due to hazardous substances fr
17、om machinery. This part of ISO 14123 is not applicable to substances which are a hazard to health solely because of their explosive, flammable or radioactive properties or their behaviour at extremes of temperature or pressure. 2 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions which,
18、through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 14123. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 14123 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
19、 most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO/TR 121001:1992, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology 3 Definitions For the purposes of t
20、his part of ISO 14123, the following definitions apply: 3.1 intended use see ISO/TR 121001 3.2 hazardous substance any chemical or biological agent which is hazardous to health, e.g. substances or preparations classified as1) . very toxic; toxic; harmful; corrosive; irritant; 1) For EU countries, se
21、e also 67/548/EEC and its amendments. -,-,- ISO 14123-1:1998(E) ISO 2 sensitizing; carcinogenic; mutagenic; teratogenic; pathogenic; asphyxiant. 4 Risk assessment 4.1 An identification of hazards and assessment of the foreseeable risks from substances hazardous to health shall be made by the machine
22、ry manufacturer. This shall cover, as far as possible, any potential danger arising from exposure of persons to the machine at any stage in its life. NOTE Details of the methodology of risk assessment are given in ISO/TR 121001. 4.2 The level of risk depends on the hazardous properties of the substa
23、nces, the likelihood that personal exposure will occur and the degree of exposure. The health effects of hazardous substances may be: short or long term; reversible or irreversible. 4.3 Hazardous substances can be in any physical state (gas, liquid, solid) and can affect the body by: inhalation; ing
24、estion; contact with the skin, eyes and mucous membranes; penetration through the skin. 4.4 The hazardous substances may be generated from: any part of a machine; substances present in the machine; material arising directly or indirectly from articles and/or substances processed by the machine or us
25、ed on the machine. 4.5 The stages in the life of a machine may include (see also ISO/TR 12100-1): construction; transport and commissioning; transport; installation; commissioning; -,-,- ISOISO 14123-1:1998(E) 3 use; operation, including start-up and shut-down; failure; setting or process changeover
26、; cleaning; adjustment; maintenance and repair; decommissioning, dismantling and, as far as safety is concerned, disposal. 5 Types of emissions 5.1 Airborne emissions 5.1.1 Airborne emissions can represent significant sources of exposure to hazardous substances. Inhalation is usually the most signif
27、icant of all the routes of entry (see 4.3). In addition, airborne emissions may enter the body by other routes, particularly when substances are deposited on a body surface or when they are ingested. 5.1.2 Airborne emissions may arise from various sources, including: machining, e.g. sawing, grinding
28、, sanding, milling; evaporation and thermal convection, e.g. open tanks, crucibles, solvent baths; hot-metal processes, e.g. welding, brazing, soldering, profile-cutting, casting; material handling, e.g. hopper-charging, pneumatic conveying, sack-filling; spraying, e.g. painting, high-pressure clean
29、ing; leaks, e.g. at pump seals, flanges; byproducts and effluents, e.g. gases from drosses, rubber vulcanization fumes; maintenance, e.g. emptying filter bags; dismantling processes, e.g. breaking of lead batteries, stripping of asbestos insulation; combustion of fuel, e.g. internal combustion engin
30、e exhausts; apparatus for mixing food; metalworking, e. g. nitrosamines from water-soluble metalworking lubricants. 5.1.3 Some examples of airborne hazardous substances are as follows: respiratory irritants, e.g. sulfur dioxide, chlorine, cadmium fumes; sensitizers, e.g. isocyanates, enzymes, coloph
31、on fumes; carcinogens, e.g. asbestos, chromium(VI), benzene, vinyl chloride monomer; ISO 14123-1:1998(E) ISO 4 fibrogenic dusts, e.g. free crystalline silica, asbestos, cobalt; asphyxiants, e.g. nitrogen, argon, methane; biological agents, e.g. Legionella pneumophila, dusts from mouldy hay; substanc
32、es which affect specific parts of the body, e.g. mercury (nerve system, kidneys); lead (nerve system, blood); carbon tetrachloride (nerve system, liver); carbon monoxide (blood). 5.1.4 Airborne emissions may be subject to techniques of evaluation based on the measurement of concentrations of substan
33、ces in the breathing zone of the persons involved. The results of such measurements are usually compared with suitable criteria . 5.1.5 There are many methods of sampling air and analysing the sample for airborne contaminants. Sampling methods and analytical techniques should be selected according t
34、o the nature of the airborne contaminant. 5.2 Non-airborne emissions 5.2.1 Non-airborne emissions can be significant sources of exposure to hazardous substances by ingestion, contact with skin, eyes or mucous membranes or penetration through the skin (see 4.3). 5.2.2 Non-airborne emissions may be pr
35、oduced in various circumstances, including: migration from open sources, e.g. splashing and evaporation/condensation leading to secondary emissions; opening machinery, e.g. for maintenance; entry into machinery, e.g. for inspection; material handling, e.g. charging, sampling, disposal; handling mach
36、inery parts, e.g. dismantling; incorrect operation, e.g. overfilling; leaks, e.g. at pump seals, flanges; ruptures. 5.2.3 Exposure to non-airborne emissions can cause ill health as a result of a variety of hazardous properties associated with different materials. Same examples of these materials inc
37、lude: corrosives, e.g. sulfuric acid; irritants, e.g. wet cement; sensitizers, e.g. chromium compounds, epoxy resins; carcinogens, e.g. used quenching oil, beryllium oxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; biological agents, e.g. infected cutting oils, infected blood. The ill health produced may be
38、 local at the point of contact or the result of effects elsewhere in the body (systemic or target organ). With some materials, both situations may occur, e.g. phenol. 5.2.4 Non-airborne emissions cannot be evaluated by measurements of concentration of substances in the air. Criteria based on these c
39、oncentration cannot be used. Other criteria may be established, e.g. limits regarding microbial concentrations in cutting oils. -,-,- ISOISO 14123-1:1998(E) 5 5.2.5 In some cases it can be relevant to carry out quantitative assessments of surface contamination. The criteria to be applied should be b
40、ased on both toxicological and practical considerations. Techniques for measuring such contamination include: chemical analyses of wipes; use of fluorescent tracers; colorimetric indications; count of microorganisms. 6 Requirements and/or measures for elimination and/or reduction of risk Risks of ex
41、posure to hazardous substances shall be reduced as far as practical, taking into account scientific and technical methods and limits relating to exposure and the external environment. In selecting the most appropriate methods of reducing risks, the manufacturer shall take measures to reduce the risk
42、s of exposure as close to the emission source as possible. The manufacturer shall apply the following principles, in the order given, taking into account the state of the art: design of machinery to eliminate or prevent risks of exposure; design of machinery to reduce risks that cannot be eliminated
43、, in the following order of priority: 1) reduction of emission; 2) reduction by ventilation or other engineering means; 3) reduction of exposure by machinery operation or segregation. information about the residual risks to the user and advice to the user on additional measures to reduce exposure. N
44、OTE A detailed list of possible measures is given in annex A. 7 Information for use and maintenance 7.1 Information for use 7.1.1 The manufacturer shall state in the instructions the intended uses of the machine, the hazardous substances which can arise from the machine (see 4.4) and the operating p
45、rocedures. The manufacturer shall specify, when necessary, the level of competence to be achieved by training. The manufacturer shall give appropriate details in the instructions where setting and operating conditions of the machine can result in a reduction of risks. 7.1.2 When the machine is equip
46、ped with means of reducing the risks to health, the machinery manufacturer shall supply information on its correct use and factors that may adversely affect its performance. 7.1.3 When there is no such provision of means of reducing the risk to health, such methods of reduction and/or testing which
47、are suitable and proven shall be specified by the manufacturer. 7.1.4 If leaks, spills or uncontrolled releases of a hazardous substance can be foreseen, the manufacturer shall provide information to limit the extent of risks to health and to regain adequate control as soon as possible. The informat
48、ion should cover, where appropriate, emergency procedures, safe disposal of the substance and suitable protective equipment to enable the source of release to be safely identified and repairs to be made. ISO 14123-1:1998(E) ISO 6 7.1.5 The manufacturer shall provide information on the necessary personal protective equipment and hygiene arrangements. 7.2 Information for maintenance The machinery manufacturer shall provide sufficient instructions for the maintenance of the machine without