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1、 Reference number ISO 14397-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14397-1 First edition 2002-03-15 Earth-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders Part 1: Calculation of rated operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load Engins de terrassement Chargeuses et cha
2、rgeuses-pelleteuses Partie 1: Calcul de la charge utile nominale et mthode dessai pour vrifier la charge de basculement calcule Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21
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6、lem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2002 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfi
7、lm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2002 All
8、 rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:36:29 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14397-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 A
9、ll rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in
10、a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commissi
11、on (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical c
12、ommittees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 14397 may be the subject of patent rights. IS
13、O shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14397-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee SC 1, Test methods relating to machine performance. ISO 14397 consists of the following parts, under the general title Earth
14、-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders: Part 1: Calculation of rated operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load Part 2: Test method for measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height Copyright International Organization for Standardization Pro
15、vided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:36:29 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NA
16、SA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:36:29 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14397-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1 Earth-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders Part 1: Calculation of rated
17、operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load 1 Scope This part of ISO 14397 specifies the means for determining the rated operating capacity of wheel and crawler loaders and of the loader portion of backhoe loaders, as these machine types are defined in ISO 6165, includin
18、g standard methods for calculation and test verification of the tipping load. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 14397. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisio
19、ns of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 14397 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative doc
20、ument referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 6016:1998, Earth-moving machinery Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment and components ISO 6165:2001, Earth-moving machinery Basic types Vocabulary ISO 67
21、46-1:1987, Earth-moving machinery Definitions of dimensions and symbols Part 1: Base machine ISO 7546:1983, Earth-moving machinery Loader and front loading excavator buckets Volumetric ratings ISO 9248:1992, Earth-moving machinery Units for dimensions, performance and capacities, and their measureme
22、nt accuracies ISO 14397-2, Earth-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders Part 2: Test method for measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height 3 Terms, definitions and symbols For the purposes of this part of ISO 14397, the terms, definitions and symbols given in ISO 6165 a
23、nd ISO 6746-1 and the following apply. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:36:29 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 1439
24、7-1:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3.1 Terms and definitions 3.1.1 rated operating capacity N calculated value, in kilograms, representing normal loading under typical operating conditions 3.1.2 minimum calculated tipping load mtip minimum mass, in kilograms, which, when placed in the loader
25、 bucket, will cause the loader to achieve the tipping limit condition in its least stable configuration, with the loader placed on a hard, level surface and the resultant force acting vertically through the centroid of the rated bucket volume as specified in ISO 7546 3.1.3 lift capacity to maximum h
26、eight mlift mass, in kilograms, which can be lifted from the ground to maximum height using the lift cylinder or cylinders at hydraulic circuit working pressure, with the bucket positioned to hold the maximum load and the resultant force acting vertically through the centroid of the rated bucket vol
27、ume as specified in ISO 7546 3.1.4 maximum moment arm n maximum horizontal distance between the load centre of gravity and the tipping line when the bucket is retracted to achieve a horizontal strike plane NOTE The maximum moment arm, n, of each type of loader is shown in Figures 1 to 6. 3.1.5 tippi
28、ng limit condition wheel loaders condition in which at least one of the wheels farthest from the tipping line no longer touches the ground 3.1.6 tipping limit condition crawlers condition in which the rear track roller or rollers no longer touch the track rail link surface NOTE For other types of su
29、spension, the tipping limiting condition is that specified by the manufacturer. 3.1.7 tipping line line about which the loader tips NOTE See Figures 1 to 6. 3.1.8 operating mass mass of the base machine with equipment and empty attachment as specified by the manufacturer, and with the operator (75 k
30、g), full fuel tank and all fluid systems at the levels specified by the manufacturer ISO 6016:1998 3.1.9 hydraulic circuit working pressure pressure applied to the specific hydraulic lifting circuit by the hydraulic pump or pumps Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by I
31、HS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:36:29 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14397-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3 3.1.10 swing loader loader having a swing type lift arm which can
32、rotate to the left and right of the straight position 3.2 Symbols A1 articulation angle, as defined in ISO 6746-1 G1 measured load on the front wheel at the opposite side of the tipping line (without load in bucket) kg G2 measured load on the rear wheel at the opposite side of the tipping line (with
33、out load in bucket) kg GH measured load on the rear axle (without load in bucket) kg L2 crawler base, as defined in ISO 6746-1 m L3 wheel-base, as defined in ISO 6746-1 m L5 rear axle to hinge (pivot of the articulated steering), as defined in ISO 6746-1 m mlift lift capacity to maximum height (see
34、3.1.3) kg mtip minimum calculated tipping load (see 3.1.2) kg N rated operating capacity (see 3.1.1) kg n maximum moment arm (see 3.1.4) m n1 moment arm of load G1 (horizontal distance between centre of action of G1 and side tipping line) m n2 moment arm of load G2 (horizontal distance between centr
35、e of action of G2 and side tipping line) m W1 maximum width, as defined in ISO 6746-1 (see ISO 14397-2) m W2 track gauge, as defined in ISO 6746-1 (see ISO 14397-2) m W3 tread (wheel track), as defined in ISO 6746-1 m W4 track shoe width, as defined in ISO 6746-1 (see ISO 14397-2) m 4 Calculation of
36、 rated operating capacity 4.1 Principle For each type of loader, the configurations in which the loader is most likely to tip over are assessed and the corresponding tipping line determined. The rated operating capacity, N, is then given by: N = k mtip (1) or N = mlift (whichever is less) Copyright
37、International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:36:29 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14397-1:2002(E) 4 ISO 2002 All rights reserved where
38、k is a factor accounting for the effects of the operating surface and of the dynamic forces caused by travel speed, tyre deflection, etc., equal to 0,5 for wheel loaders and backhoe loaders, and 0,35 for crawler loaders and crawler backhoes; mtip is the minimum calculated tipping load, equal to the
39、sum of the moments opposing the tipping over of the loader divided by the maximum moment arm: tip ii i Gn m n = (2) where Gi is a partial load that opposes the tipping over of the loader, and ni is its corresponding moment arm with respect to the tipping line; mlift is the lift capacity to maximum h
40、eight, determined in accordance with ISO 14397-2. 4.2 Loader configurations 4.2.1 General The loader shall be the standard version specified by the manufacturer. If the tipping load is determined under specific conditions, as is the case with additional counterweights, ripper, backhoe or tyre ballas
41、t, then these conditions shall be specified in the operators manual and advertizing literature so that the stable operating conditions are clearly defined. The backhoe portion of backhoe loaders shall be in the transport position specified by the manufacturer. 4.2.2 Rigid frame type Rigid frame whee
42、l loaders and backhoe loaders with steered wheels shall be in the straight-ahead position (see Figures 1 and 3). 4.2.3 Articulated frame type Articulated frame wheel loaders and backhoe loaders shall be positioned with the frames both straight and fully articulated to the right and left (see Figure
43、2). 4.2.4 Swing-arm type Swing-arm type wheel loaders shall be turned in the most unstable position, as defined by the manufacturer (see Figures 4 and 5). 4.2.5 Bucket The bucket shall be positioned to provide the maximum moment arm, as defined in 3.1.4 and shown in Figures 1 to 6. Copyright Interna
44、tional Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:36:29 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 14397-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 5 4.3 Procedure
45、 4.3.1 Wheel loaders and backhoe loaders Articulated or Ackermann steering 4.3.1.1 General Measure the load, GH, in kilograms, on the rear axle, with the empty bucket positioned as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 and with full articulation in the case of articulated machines. For compact loaders, the ca
46、lculation method given for articulated or straight-frame machines may only be used if A1 u 45 and 3 0,7 3 W L u (3) 4.3.1.2 Wheel loaders and backhoe loaders Articulated steering at maximum articulation With the steering system at maximum articulation, right and left, calculate the rated operating c
47、apacity, in kilograms, using the following formula: () H1 tip 355cos 0,5 GLLLA Nkm n -+ = (4) 4.3.1.3 Straight-frame wheel loaders and backhoe loaders Ackermann steering With the steering system in the straight-ahead position, calculate the rated operating capacity, in kilograms, using the following
48、 formula: H tip 3 0,5 GL Nkm n = (5) 4.3.2 Swing-arm type wheel loaders Articulated or Ackermann steering 4.3.2.1 Swing-arm type wheel loaders Swing arm in straight position Articulated steering See Figures 4 and 5. Use Equation (4). 4.3.2.2 Swing-arm type wheel loaders Swing arm in straight position Ackermann steering Use Equation (5). 4.3.2.3 Swing-arm type wheel loaders Swing arm perpendicular to tipping line Art