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1、 Reference number ISO 15011-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15011-1 First edition 2002-04-01 Health and safety in welding and allied processes Laboratory method for sampling fume and gases generated by arc welding Part 1: Determination of emission rate and sampling for analysis of part
2、iculate fume Hygine et scurit en soudage et techniques connexes Mthode de laboratoire dchantillonnage des fumes et des gaz mis par le soudage larc Partie 1: Dtermination du taux dmission et chantillonnage pour lanalyse des poussires Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided b
3、y IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 04:23:27 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15011-1:2002(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensi
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6、taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2002 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reprodu
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8、 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2002 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 04:23:27
9、 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15011-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internat
10、ional Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with I
11、SO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical c
12、ommittees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to th
13、e possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 15011 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15011-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with Technical Committ
14、ee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 9, Health and safety, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). Throughout the text of this document, read “.this European Standard.” to mean “.this International Standard.”. ISO 15011
15、 consists of the following parts, under the general title Health and safety in welding and allied processes Laboratory method for sampling fume and gases generated by arc welding: Part 1: Determination of emission rate and sampling for analysis of particulate fume Part 2: Determination of emission r
16、ates of gases, except ozone Part 3: Determination of ozone concentration using fixed point measurements Annexes A to D of this part of ISO 15011 are for information only. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards
17、 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 04:23:27 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15011-1:2002(E) iv ISO 2002 All rights reserved Contents page Forewordv 1Scope1 2Terms and definitions .1 3Test equipment1 3.1Fume box1 3.2Filters2 3.3Pump 2 3.4Measuring e
18、quipment .2 4Test pieces.2 5Consumable.2 6Procedure.3 6.1Principle3 6.2Test sequence3 6.3Precautions3 6.4Welding parameters 3 6.5Duration of the test3 7Interpretation of results 4 7.1Number of tests .4 7.2Calculation of fume emission rate.4 7.3Analysis4 7.4Recording of test data and presentation of
19、results.4 Annex A (informative) Possible designs of fume boxes designed for manual metal arc welding, MIG-welding and MAG-welding.5 A.1Design 15 A.2Design 27 Annex B (informative) Test report.8 Annex C (informative) Recommended analytical analysis.9 Annex D (informative) Extraction method of total h
20、exavalent chromium found in welding particulate matter 10 Introduction .1 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 04:23:27 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted with
21、out license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15011-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved v Foreword This document (EN ISO 15011-1:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding“, the secretariat of which is held by DS, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 “Welding and allied pr
22、ocesses“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2002. This standard consists of the following
23、 parts: ?Part 1: Determination of emission rate and sampling for analysis of particulate fume; ?Part 2: Determination of emission rates of gases and vapours, except ozone; ?Part 3: Determination of ozone concentration using fixed point measurements. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,
24、 the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard : Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the
25、United Kingdom. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 04:23:27 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organiz
26、ation for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 04:23:27 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15011-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1 Introduction Welding and al
27、lied processes produce particulate fume and gaseous by-products which may be harmful to human health. A knowledge of the quantity of particulate fume and gases generated and the composition of the particulate fume may be useful for occupational hygienists in accessing workplace atmospheres. Emission
28、 rates cannot be directly related to fume concentrations existing in a welders breathing zone, but processes with low emission rates are supposed to produce less fume concentration compared with high emission rates for the same welding condition. The laboratory procedure described in Part 1 of this
29、standard is used to determine emission rate of particulate fume generated by the arc welding and provides a method of sampling the fume for chemical analysis. The emission rate and composition of particulate fume depend on the welding process, welding parameters, workpiece surface, coatings etc. Wit
30、h the aid of a fume box in an un-polluted atmosphere, the total particulate fume generated during welding is collected and sampled on a filter in order to determine the emission rate and/or chemical composition. 1Scope This European standard describes a method for the determination of the particulat
31、e fume emission rate from arc welding processes using a fume box technique. It defines a method of sampling particulate fume for chemical analysis and suggests possible analytical techniques in order to characterize fumes emitted by consumable during welding. 2Terms and definitions For the purposes
32、of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 fume box a closed or semi-closed ventilated chamber used for sampling and determination (emission rate and composition) of fume and gases in welding and allied processes 2.2 test piece piece of metal on which the welding proce
33、ss is performed 2.3 arc time arc time starts from arc initiation and stops immediately as the arc is extinguished 3Test equipment 3.1Fume box The fume box should consist of a top section containing a filter, a welding chamber and a chamber base. The welding chamber shall be large enough to allow com
34、plete capture of the emitted fume. The fume box should be designed to reduce deposition of welding fume onto the internal box surface. Examples of possible arrangements are described in annex A, as an example. Other appropriate fume box designs may be used. Copyright International Organization for S
35、tandardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 04:23:27 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15011-1:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3.2 Filters The filters shall be capab
36、le of withstanding the pressure drop and shall allow collection of fume loadings between 0,4 mg/cm and 1,2 mg/cm. The filters shall have a minimum efficiency of 99,5 %. NOTE Practically, to avoid clogging of the filter, such values require the use of filters with a diameter of approximately 250 mm.
37、For determination of emission rate, weight stability with respect to humidity is essential and glass fibre filters or quartz filters are recommended. If a fume sample is collected for chemical analysis the type of filter should be such that it is free from relevant contaminants and compatible with s
38、ubsequent analysis procedures. A paper filter (cellulose) is recommended. For the determination of hexavalent chromium, the fumes shall be removed immediately from the filter. The filters are held by a stainless steel wire mesh; recommended dimensions for the mesh size are 0,5 mm to 2,0 mm. The filt
39、er holding device shall allow the filter to be removed and there shall not be any leakage between the filter and its support. 3.3Pump The precise characteristics of the pump are not considered to be critical providing the flow is adequate to contain the fume within the box without interfering with t
40、he welding process and to clear the fume box of fume after completion of welding, within the time specified, see 6.5. The pump shall have a suction characteristic able to give: ?at the beginning of the test a flow rate of 25 l/s to 30 l/s at 10000 Pa (0,1 bar) which corresponds to the resistance of
41、the filter at 0 mg fume; ?at the end of the test, a flow rate of at least 5 l/s at 16000 Pa to 20000 Pa. 3.4Measuring equipment Voltage measurements across the arc and welding current shall be measured using electrical recorders with an accuracy class of 0,5. The arc time shall be measured with a ti
42、mer having increments of 0,1 s or smaller. The mass of collected particulate matter shall be measured using a balance with a sensitivity of at least 1 mg. 4Test pieces All details concerning the test piece shall be noted in the test report (see annex B). The choice of the test piece shall be appropr
43、iate to the welding process, the consumable and the welding conditions being used. 5Consumable All details concerning the consumable shall be noted in the test report (see annex B). The choice of the consumable shall be appropriate to the welding process, the test piece and the welding conditions be
44、ing used. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 04:23:27 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15011-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All righ
45、ts reserved 3 6Procedure 6.1Principle A weld is made inside the fume box while the pump is running. The fume produced is collected on the filter. 6.2Test sequence The test sequence shall be as follows: ?a test piece shall be placed directly on the metallic table inside the fume box; ?a weighed filte
46、r shall be placed in the sampling device; ?the pump shall be switched on. During welding: ?arc time shall be measured (see 2.3); ?suction shall be maintained at least for 30 s after arc extinction; ?the filter shall be immediately withdrawn and reweighed; ?for analysis, the collected particulate fum
47、es should be removed from the filter immediately and stored in an airtight glass bottle. 6.3Precautions Before beginning a test, ensure that the inside surface of the fume box and the test piece have been cleaned, that both are at ambient temperature and that the chamber box is free of spatter. Filt
48、ers shall be handled with care and not soiled before or after the test with dust or grease from the fingers. The test is only valid if: ?no fume escapes from the box; ?the temperature of the welding chamber does not become high enough to allow the deposition of the fume onto the internal box surface. 6.4Welding parameters All welding parameters shall be noted in the test report (see annex B). The parameters shall be kept constant during each measurement and for each t