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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 6245-1:2001 ISO 4874:2
2、000 ICS 65.160 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Sampling tobacco and tobacco products Part 1: Method of sampling batches of raw material (general principles) Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 13:16:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) B
3、SI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 January 2001 BSI 01-2001 ISBN 0 580 36810 6 BS 6245-1:2001 Amendments issued since publi
4、cation Amd. No.DateComments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 4874:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS 6245-1:1982 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AW/40, Tobacco and tobacc
5、o products, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate th
6、em in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section en
7、titled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Complianc
8、e with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii and iii, a blank page, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displa
9、yed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 13:16:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4874 Second edition 2000-11-01 Reference number ISO 4874:2000(E) Tobacco Sampling of batches of raw
10、material General principles Tabac chantillonnage des lots de matires premires Principes gnraux BS 6245-1:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 13:16:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii BS 6245-1:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 13:16:31 G
11、MT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 847002:40)E( ?iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical co
12、m- mittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liai- son with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely wit
13、h the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the
14、member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held respons
15、ible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 4874 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 126,Tobacco and tobacco products. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4874:1981), which has been technically revised. Annex A of this Internation
16、al Standard is for information only. BS 6245-1:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 13:16:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6245-1:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 13:16:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INRETNAITOANL STNAD
17、DRA?ISO 847002:40)E( ?1 Tobacco Sampling of batches of raw material General principles 1Scope This International Standard specifies the general principles to be applied when sampling batches of raw tobacco in order to assess either the mean value of one or more of its characteristics, or the heterog
18、eneity of one or more of its characteristics. NOTEIf it is necessary to sample tobacco taken from cigarettes, the procedures listed in 5.1 of ISO 8243:1991 should be used. Manufactured tobacco products, including products intended for sale or distribution, are specifically not included in the scope
19、of this International Standard. This International Standard is applicable to the sampling of batches of raw tobacco of the following types: a)leaf tobacco: 1)flue cured, 2)air cured, 3)sun cured, 4)fire cured; b)pretreated raw tobacco: 1)which has undergone fermentation (in packages not intended for
20、 retail or wholesale sales or distribution, in bulk, in chambers), 2)which has been partially or completely stemmed, 3)which is in the form of stems, 4)which is in the form of waste and remnants, 5)which has been reconstituted in the form of strips. 2Terms and definitions For the purposes of this In
21、ternational Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 characteristic physical, mechanical, dimensional, chemical, biological, botanical or organoleptic property of tobacco 2.2 batch definite quantity of tobacco that is produced under conditions that are presumed to be uniform with res
22、pect to one or more of its characteristics (for example, leaf position, colour, ripeness, leaf length) NOTEThis notion implies generally that the batch consists of tobaccos of the same origin belonging to the same variety. BS 6245-1:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 13:16:3
23、1 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO :4784(0002)E 2? 2.3 consignment quantity of tobacco delivered at one time NOTEThe consignment may consist of one or more batches or parts of batches. 2.4 sampling unit unit part of the consignment NOTE 1It is separately packaged (bale, wooden or cardb
24、oard case, basket or sack). NOTE 2For bulk tobacco, a consignment with a total mass of?should be considered to be composed of?sampling units. NOTE 3The definition of the term “sampling unit” as given in this International Standard is a special case of the general defini- tion given in ISO 3534-2, an
25、d it applies only to raw tobacco. 2.5 stratified sampling for a population that can be divided into different subpopulations (called strata), sampling carried out in such a way that specified proportions of the sample are drawn from different strata 2.6 increment quantity of tobacco taken at one tim
26、e from a sampling unit in order to form part of a single sample 2.7 single sample basic sample sample obtained by combining?increments taken from a sampling unit so as to be as representative as possible of this unit 2.8 gross sample sample that is a combination of all single samples 2.9 reduced sam
27、ple sample that is taken from the gross sample and is representative of the gross sample 2.10 laboratory sample sample intended for laboratory inspection or testing and which is representative of the gross sample. NOTEIt may consist of a)one or more single samples; b)? the gross sample; c)? a reduce
28、d sample of the gross sample. 2.11 test sample sample as prepared for testing, taken at random from the laboratory sample, representative of the gross sample mkg m/100 N BS 6245-1:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 13:16:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 8470
29、02:40)E( ?3 3Contractual arrangements The contract between the interested parties shall state: a)at what stages of production and delivery sampling shall be carried out; b)the party or parties responsible for carrying out the sampling and under whose control; c)the characteristics to be determined;
30、d)the laboratory or laboratories that will perform the analyses; e)the maximum interval of time admissible between sampling and analysis. (This interval should be as short as possible.) 4Sampling 4.1General It is important that the laboratory receive a representative sample which has not been damage
31、d or changed during transport or storage. 4.2Sampling equipment The equipment that is used for sampling the tobacco shall be appropriate for the determination of the characteristics that are specified in clause 3 c). If physical characteristics such as leaf dimensions or particle size distribution a
32、re to be determined, then the sampling equipment shall not alter these characteristics. The sampling equipment shall be clean and dry, and shall not affect any subsequent determination. 4.3Containers for samples and storage precautions The containers used for collecting the samples shall be made of
33、a chemically inert material. They shall be airtight and preferably opaque. The samples shall be kept in a dry and cool place protected against light, and in an odour-free environment to prevent contamination, microbial growth, infestation or other situations which would affect organoleptic propertie
34、s. 5Procedure 5.1General The procedure shall include the following steps: a)labelling of samples for proper identification; b)selection of sampling units; c)extraction of increments and constitution of single samples; d)constitution of the gross sample; e)constitution of reduced samples; f)?preparat
35、ion of the laboratory sample(s). NOTEIf heterogeneity is of interest as well as mean values, analyses of several laboratory samples will be necessary. In these circumstances, the laboratory samples will usually be taken from a single sample or a gross sample comprising not more than two or three sin
36、gle samples. BS 6245-1:2001 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 13:16:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO :4784(0002)E 4? 5.2Treatment of damaged sampling units The treatment of damaged sampling units depends on the aim of the analyses. a)If the damage to the tobacco
37、 is irrelevant with respect to the characteristics to be determined (for example, disease markings when assessing the length of the leaf), sample damaged units in the same way as undamaged units. b)If the assessment may be affected by the damage, the damaged sampling units shall be sampled separatel
38、y and a record made. c)If the damage to the tobacco is such that the tobacco is unusable for the assessment of the characteristics to be determined, do not sample that sampling unit. It may be necessary to grade the damage to the tobacco in the damaged sampling units into several classes and obtain
39、sufficient increments from the damaged sampling units. 5.3Selection of sampling units The selection of sampling units may be carried out by random sampling or by periodic systematic sampling. The choice of the method to be employed depends on the nature of the consignment. If the batches in the cons
40、ign- ment are not identified, random selection of the sampling units is recommended. If the batches in the consignment are marked with successive numbers indicating a production order, then periodic sampling to select sampling units may be suitable. a)Selecting the sampling units at random Draw the
41、sampling units at random from the consignment in such a manner that each unit has the same proba- bility of being selected. Repeat this process until the required number ( ) of sampling units has been drawn. b)Selecting the sampling units by periodic systematic sampling If there are?sampling units i
42、n the consignment and these sampling units have been identified on a systematic basis (for example, the order of production) and numbered from 1 to?, a periodic systematic sampling of sampling units consists in the taking of?units: where?and?are whole numbers satisfying the relationships with?being
43、generally taken at random from the first?whole numbers. 5.4Extraction of increments and constitution of single samples 5.4.1Composition The minimum increment shall be constituted in accordance with one of the following specifications, according to the circumstances: a)three packets of leaves tied to
44、gether (hands); b)fifty leaves (for leaves not tied together before delivery); c)?of tobacco (oriental tobacco, threshed or completely stemmed tobacco, stems, remnants, or reconstituted tobacco). n N Nn n h,h + k,h +2k,.,h + (n 1)k hk nk 6 N n(k +1)andh 6 k hk 500 g BS 6245-1:2001 Licensed Copy: she
45、ffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Dec 06 13:16:31 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 847002:40)E( ?5 5.4.2Number of increments At least three increments shall be taken from each sampling unit. If only three increments are taken, the first of them should be taken from the upper third of the s
46、ampling unit, the second from the middle third, and the third from the lower third. Take the increments in such a way that no sites of removal are centred on the same vertical line through the unit. If more than three increments are taken, they should be evenly distributed in the sampling unit. 5.4.
47、3Size of single samples Each single sample is composed of all increments taken from the same unit. The size and composition of the samples shall be appropriate to a)the type of tobacco, b)the size of the sampling unit, and c)the type and number of determinations to be carried out. NOTEExamples of ty
48、pical sample sizes are given in annex A. 5.4.4Tobacco in bulk Tobacco in bulk shall be notionally divided into sampling units as indicated in Note 2 in 2.4. These notional units shall be sampled as specified in 5.4.1 to 5.4.3. In this case, it is also necessary to draw up a stratified sampling plan
49、appropriate to the dimensions of the bulk sample. 6Sampling report The sampling report shall contain the following information: a)the type and origin of the tobacco; b)the consignment number as well as any batch number or numbers; c)the total mass of the batch; d)the method of packing; e)the number of packages and their unit mass, and whether the mass is net or gross; f)?the number of damaged packages and their unit mass, and whether the mass is net or gross; g)the appearance of the tobacco; h)the purpose of the sampling and the characteristics to be determi