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1、 Reference number ISO 13426-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13426-1 First edition 2003-01-15 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Strength of internal structural junctions Part 1: Geocells Gotextiles et produits apparents Rsistance des liaisons de structures internes Partie 1: G
2、osynthtiques alvolaires Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:03:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13426-1:2003(E) PDF
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6、All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the countr
7、y of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2003 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under lice
8、nse with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:03:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13426-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldw
9、ide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on th
10、at committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in
11、accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard r
12、equires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 13426 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13426-1 was prepa
13、red by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 221, Geosynthetics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). Throughout the text of this document, read “.this European Standard.“ to mean
14、 “.this International Standard.“. ISO 13426 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Strength of internal structural junctions: Part 1: Geocells Part 2: Geocomposites Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS
15、under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:03:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13426-1:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reserved Contents page Forewordv Introductionvi 1Scope1 2Normative references
16、1 3Terms and definitions .1 4Principle1 4.1Method A: Tensile shear test (Figure 1)2 4.2Method B: Peeling test (Figure 2) .2 4.3Method C: Splitting test (Figure 3) 2 4.4Method D: Local overstressing test (Figure 4)2 5Conditioning of specimens 2 6Test specimens3 7Apparatus.3 7.1Tensile testing machine
17、 3 7.2Clamps3 8Test procedure.3 9Calculations .4 9.1General4 9.2Method A: Tensile shear .4 9.3Method B: Peeling.4 9.4Method C: Splitting4 9.5Method D: Local overstressing5 10Test report5 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Tec
18、hnical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:03:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13426-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved v Foreword This document (EN ISO 13426-1:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosyntheti
19、cs“, the secretariat of which is held by IBN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 221 “Geosynthetics“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2003, and conflicting natio
20、nal standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2003. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
21、Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resa
22、le, 04/19/2007 21:03:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13426-1:2003(E) vi ISO 2003 All rights reserved Introduction Geocells are geotextile-related products composed of single strips interconnected in several possible ways (extrusion, thermal bonding, g
23、luing, hot melt, stitching, etc) to form a panel of adjacent cells, where generally the contact between two elements occurs along lines or in specific points, and not uniformly on the whole surface. These lines or points are referred to as “junctions“. A geocell junction may fail in four different w
24、ays: 1) by shear (see Figure 1): when failure is caused by a force parallel to the junction itself; 2) by peeling or delamination (see Figure 2): when failure is caused by a force, normal to the junction, which separates the cells from each other at one edge of the junction; 3) by tensile stress (se
25、e Figure 3): when a force, normal to the junction, pulls away the two cells adjacent to the junction; 4) by local overstressing (see e.g. Figure 4: geocells secured with pins) : when the fixation element locally overstresses the junction, leading to a compression, shear or peel failure. NOTE This ca
26、n be considered as a performance property, in the same way as a tensile test on seams/joints. It is therefore impossible to define one single testing method for measuring the junction strength of geocells. Hence this standard includes the principles for testing the four failure mechanisms explained
27、above. These principles should be adapted to each single product. In order to avoid confusion about the interpretation of figures, reference should be made to the exact test method in test reports and data sheets, e.g. EN ISO 13426-1, method A shear strength of internal structural junctions. Copyrig
28、ht International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:03:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13426-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1 2 N
29、ormative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions
30、 of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 963,Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Sampling and preparation
31、of test specimens (ISO 9862:1990) EN ISO 7500-1,Metallic materials - Verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines (ISO 7500-1:1999) ISO 554,Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specifications 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes
32、of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 geocell three-dimensional, permeable, polymeric (synthetic or natural) honeycomb or web structure made of strips linked in a staggered pattern, used to hold soil particles, roots and small plants for erosion control and soil c
33、ontainment applications in civil engineering 3.2 junction point, line or area where two strips are connected to form the unit cells of a geocell structure 3.3 fastening system system (staples, pegs, U-shaped bars, etc.) used to fix the geocells to the ground at single points 3.4 nominal cell size le
34、ngth Lc (in machine direction) and width Wc (in cross-machine direction) of the cell when opened according to the specification 4 Principle Specimens of geocells are tested in accordance with one or more of the following four test methods representing different stress modes. NOTE 1 It is possible th
35、at, for some products, not all four test methods can be applied. NOTE 2 In order to perform the tests correctly, information about the nominal open cell sizes (Lc, Wc) and the direction of installation of the geocells panels, e.g. with the machine direction down the slope or parallel to the contour
36、lines, should be provided. 1 Scope This standard describes four index test methods for the determination of the strength of internal structural junctions of geocells under different loading conditions. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Li
37、censee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:03:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13426-1:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reserved 4.1 Method A: Tensile shear test (Figure 1) This test is performed on a X-shaped specimen cut
38、from a geocell panel. The junction forms the centre of the X. The left upper leg and the right lower leg of the X are trimmed close to the junction. The two remaining legs are mounted in the clamps of a tensile testing machine. The specimen is tested at constant rate of strain and the peak tensile s
39、hear resistance is measured and recorded. 4.2 Method B: Peeling test (Figure 2) This test is performed on a X-shaped specimen cut from a geocell panel. Both upper legs of the X are mounted in the clamps of a tensile testing machine and tested at constant rate of strain until peel failure of the junc
40、tion occurs. The peak peel resistance is measured and recorded. For products having a non-symmetric junction, the peel test shall be performed on the upper legs and on the lower legs. 4.3 Method C: Splitting test (Figure 3) This test is performed on a X-shaped specimen cut from a geocell panel. The
41、left legs of the X are mounted in a special clamp keeping the edges of the legs apart at a specified distance. NOTE The right legs are mounted in a similar way. This simulates the aperture of the cells when installed with the machine direction parallel to the contour lines of the slope. The specimen
42、 shall be placed in the clamps at the same cell aperture as indicated by the nominal cell size (Lc, Wc). The specimen shall be mounted slightly in tension, i.e. without any slack. The two clamps are inserted in a tensile testing machine and tested at constant rate of strain until a tensile split fai
43、lure of the junction occurs. The peak split resistance is measured and recorded. 4.4 Method D: Local overstressing test (Figure 4) This test is performed on a X-shaped specimen cut from the geocell panel, the upper and lower legs being oriented in the production direction. The upper legs of the X ar
44、e mounted in a special clamp keeping the edges of the two legs apart at a specified distance. The lower legs are mounted in a similar way. NOTE This simulates the aperture of the cells when installed. The two clamps are mounted in a tensile testing machine. A steel rod or wooden peg, or any other me
45、ans simulating a real fastening system, is placed across and over the junction, and fixed to the base of the testing machine. The specimen is tested at a constant rate of strain until failure occurs due to plasticization of the junction by the fastening system. The maximum tensile strength is measur
46、ed and recorded. When geocells are installed with the machine direction along the contour lines, the specimen shall be mounted in the clamps as shown in Figure 3. For products having a non-symmetric junction, this test shall be performed twice, i.e. by mounting the upper legs as well as the lower le
47、gs in the moving clamp. 5 Conditioning of specimens Test specimens shall be conditioned and the tests conducted in the standard atmosphere for testing, defined in ISO 554, i.e. at a temperature of (20 2) C and a relative humidity of (65 2) % NOTE Conditioning and/or testing at a specified relative h
48、umidity may be omitted if it can be shown that results are not affected. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 21:03:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 13426-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 3 6 Test specimens Take specimens in accordance with EN 963. At least five specimens shall