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1、 Reference number ISO 15859-11:2004(E) ISO 2004 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15859-11 First edition 2004-06-01 Space systems Fluid characteristics, sampling and test methods Part 11: Ammonia Systmes spatiaux Caractristiques, chantillonnage et mthodes dessai des fluides Partie 11: Ammoniac ISO 15859-11
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5、w. ISO 2004 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body i
6、n the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reserved ISO 15859-11:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the
7、 International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committe
8、e has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechni
9、cal standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member b
10、odies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying a
11、ny or all such patent rights. ISO 15859-11 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. ISO 15859 consists of the following parts, under the general title Space systems Fluid characteristics, sampling and test methods:
12、Part 1: Oxygen Part 2: Hydrogen Part 3: Nitrogen Part 4: Helium Part 5: Nitrogen tetroxide propellants Part 6: Monomethylhydrazine propellant Part 7: Hydrazine propellant Part 8: Kerosine propellant Part 9: Argon Part 10: Water Part 11: Ammonia Part 12: Carbon dioxide Part 13: Breathing air -,-,- IS
13、O 15859-11:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reserved Introduction Fluid operations at a spaceport or launch site may involve a number of operators and supplier/customer interfaces, from the fluid production plant to the delivery to the launch vehicle or spacecraft. The purpose of ISO 15859 is to estab
14、lish uniform requirements for the components, sampling and test methods of fluids used in the servicing of launch vehicles, spacecraft and ground support equipment. The fluid composition limits specified are intended to define the purity and impurity limits of the fluid for loading into the launch v
15、ehicle or spacecraft. The fluid sampling and test methods are intended to be applied by any operator. The fluid sampling and test methods are acceptable methods for verification of the fluid composition limits. -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15859-11:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1 Space sy
16、stems Fluid characteristics, sampling and test methods Part 11: Ammonia 1 Scope This part of ISO 15859 specifies limits for the composition of ammonia (NH3) and establishes the sampling and test requirements applicable for the verification of the ammonia composition. This part of ISO 15859 is applic
17、able to sampling and test methods for ammonia used in both flight hardware and ground support facilities, systems, and equipment. This part of ISO 15859 is applicable to ammonia influents only within the specified limits herein. This part of ISO 15859 is applicable to any sampling operation required
18、 to ensure that, when the fluid enters the launch vehicle or spacecraft, the fluid composition complies with the limits provided hereafter or with any technical specification agreed to for a particular use. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the applicati
19、on of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 7103, Liquefied anhydrous ammonia for industrial use Sampling Taking a laboratory sample ISO 7104, Liquefied anhydr
20、ous ammonia for industrial use Determination of water content Gas chromatographic method ISO 7105, Liquefied anhydrous ammonia for industrial use Determination of water content Karl Fischer method ISO 7106, Liquefied anhydrous ammonia for industrial use Determination of oil content Gravimetric and i
21、nfra-red spectrometric methods ISO 9000, Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9000 and the following apply. 3.1 indirect method method of measuring fluid purity by indirect means, whic
22、h consists in measuring the total volume fraction or mass fraction (in %) of aggregate impurities and subtracting this total from 100 ISO 15859-11:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3.2 verification test analysis performed on the fluid in the container, or a sample thereof, which is representati
23、ve of the supply, permitting the verification of fluid composition limits 4 Chemical composition Unless otherwise provided in the applicable technical specification, the composition of ammonia delivered to the flight vehicle interface shall be in accordance with the limits given in Table 1 when test
24、ed in accordance with the applicable test methods. Table 1 Composition limits Component Limit Ammonia puritya mass fraction, %, min.99,99 Water g/g, max. 50 Oil g/g, max. 6 Total nonvolatile residue b Chlorides g/g, max. 1 Fluorides b a Determined by indirect method. b Record and report only. 5 Proc
25、urement The ammonia specified in Clause 1 should be procured in accordance with an applicable national standard. 6 Fluid sampling CAUTION Ammonia, in the liquid or gaseous form, is toxic. Care should be taken in the handling and storage of ammonia to prevent contact with the human body and with mate
26、rials that are not compatible with ammonia. 6.1 Plan In order to ensure that the fluid composition complies with the limits specified in this part of ISO 15859, a fluid sampling plan should be established by all the involved operators, from the production to the space vehicle interface, and approved
27、 by the final user. Sampling activities and test methods shall comply with all safety regulations and rules applicable to that task. This plan shall specify the sampling points, the sampling procedures, the sampling frequency, the sample size, the number of samples, -,-,- ISO 15859-11:2004(E) ISO 20
28、04 All rights reserved 3 the test methods, and the responsibilities of any involved operator. Sampling may be performed in accordance with ISO 7103 or with 6.2 to 6.10. 6.2 Responsibility for sampling Unless otherwise provided in an applicable technical specification, the ammonia delivered to the fl
29、ight vehicle interface shall be sampled and verified by the supplier responsible for providing the ammonia to the flight vehicle. The supplier may use his/her or any other resources suitable for the performance of the verification tests specified herein unless otherwise directed by the customer. 6.3
30、 Sampling points Unless otherwise specified, sampling shall be conducted at the fluid storage site or the flight vehicle interface. 6.4 Sampling frequency Sampling shall be performed annually or in accordance with a time agreed upon by the supplier and the customer. 6.5 Sample size The quantity in a
31、 single sample container shall be sufficient to perform the analysis for the limiting characteristics. If a single sample does not contain a sufficient quantity to perform all of the analyses for the required quality verification test, additional samples shall be taken under similar conditions. 6.6
32、Number of samples The number of samples shall be in accordance with one of the following: a) one sample per storage container; b) any number of samples agreed upon by the supplier and the customer. 6.7 Storage container Unless otherwise provided by the applicable sampling plan, the fluid storage con
33、tainer shall not be refilled after the sample is taken. 6.8 Gaseous samples Gaseous samples shall be a typical specimen from the gaseous ammonia supply. Samples shall be obtained in accordance with one of the following. a) By filling the sample container and storage containers at the same time, on t
34、he same manifold, and under the same conditions and with the same procedure. b) By withdrawing a sample from the supply container through a suitable connection into the sample container. No pressure regulator shall be used between the supply and the sample containers. (Suitable valves are permissibl
35、e.) For safety reasons, the sample container and sampling system shall have a rated service pressure at least equal to the pressure in the supply container. c) By connecting the container being sampled directly to the analytical equipment using suitable pressure regulation to prevent over-pressurizi
36、ng this equipment. -,-,- ISO 15859-11:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 6.9 Liquid samples (vaporized) Vaporized liquid samples shall be a typical specimen from the liquid ammonia supply. Samples shall be obtained in accordance with one of the following. a) By vaporizing, in the sampling line,
37、liquid from the supply container. b) By flowing liquid from the supply container into or through a suitable container in which a representative liquid sample is collected and then completely vaporized. 6.10 Rejection When any sample of the fluid tested in accordance with Clause 7 fails to conform to
38、 the requirements specified herein, the fluid represented by the sample shall be rejected. Disposal of the rejected fluid shall be specified by the customer. 7 Test methods 7.1 General The supplier will ensure, by standard practice, the quality level of ammonia. If required, alternate test methods a
39、re described in 7.3 to 7.8. Other test methods not listed in this part of ISO 15859 are acceptable if agreed upon between the supplier and the customer. These tests are a single analysis or a series of analyses performed on the fluid to ensure the reliability of the storage facility to supply the re
40、quired quality level. This can be verified by analysis of representative samples of the fluid from the facility at appropriate intervals as agreed upon between supplier and the customer. Tests may be performed by the supplier or by a laboratory agreed upon between the supplier and the customer. The
41、analytical requirements for the tests shall include the determination of all limiting characteristics of ammonia. 7.2 Parameters of analysis The parameters for analytical techniques contained in 7.3 to 7.8 are the following: a) purity shall be expressed as a percentage by mass (mass fraction, %) unl
42、ess otherwise specified; b) calibration standards containing the applicable gaseous components may be required to calibrate the analytical instruments used to determine the limiting characteristic levels of fluid; c) if required by the customer, the accuracy of the measuring equipment used in prepar
43、ing these standards shall be traceable to an established institute for standards; d) analytical equipment shall be operated in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. 7.3 Ammonia purity The ammonia purity shall be determined by the indirect method, that is by measuring the aggregate water an
44、d oil impurities, as a percentage by mass, and subtracting this aggregate quantity from 100. 7.4 Water content The water content shall be determined by one of the following procedures. a) By a gas chromatographic method in accordance with ISO 7104. b) By a Karl Fischer method in accordance with ISO
45、7105. -,-,- ISO 15859-11:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 5 7.5 Oil content The oil content shall be determined by an infrared spectrometric method in accordance with ISO 7106. 7.6 Nonvolatile residue content The nonvolatile residue contents shall be determined by the infrared spectrometric meth
46、od in accordance with ISO 7106, except that the separatory funnel and filtration steps shall be deleted. Identify the residue constituents by the infrared spectrometric method. 7.7 Chloride content The chloride content shall be determined by an ion chromatographic method. 7.8 Fluoride content The fluoride content shall be determined by an ion chromatographic method. ISO 15859-11:2004(E) ICS 49.140 Price based on 5 pages ISO 2004 All rights reserved -,-,-