《ISO-15927-4-2005.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ISO-15927-4-2005.pdf（12页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 Reference number ISO 15927-4:2005(E) ISO 2005 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15927-4 First edition 2005-07-15 Hygrothermal performance of buildings Calculation and presentation of climatic data Part 4: Hourly data for assessing the annual energy use for heating and cooling Performance hygrothermique de
2、s btiments Calcul et prsentation des donnes climatiques Partie 4: Donnes horaires pour lvaluation du besoin nergtique annuel de chauffage et de refroidissement Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale
3、, 04/23/2007 02:24:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15927-4:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces
4、 which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe System
5、s Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely ev
6、ent that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2005 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy
7、ing and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerl
8、and ii ISO 2005 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 02:24:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15927-4:2005(E) ISO 2005
9、 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 1 4 Sources of meteorological data 2 5 Construction of reference year . 2 6 Presentation of the reference years 4 Bibliography. 5 Copyright International Organizat
10、ion for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 02:24:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15927-4:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization
11、for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has t
12、he right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Interna
13、tional Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publicatio
14、n as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights
15、. ISO 15927-4 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 89, Thermal performance of buildings and building components, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 2
16、, Calculation methods in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). ISO 15927 consists of the following parts, under the general title Hygrothermal performance of buildings Calculation and presentation of climatic data: Part 1: Monthly means of sin
17、gle meteorological elements Part 4: Hourly data for assessing the annual energy for heating and cooling Part 5: Data for design heat load for space heating Part 6: Accumulated temperature differences (degree days) Future parts are planned on the following subjects: Hourly data for design cooling loa
18、d Calculation of a driving rain index for vertical surfaces from hourly wind and rain data Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 02:24:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted with
19、out license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15927-4:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved v Introduction This standard covers the selection of appropriate meteorological data for the assessment of the long-term mean energy use for heating and cooling of buildings. Means of selecting data to assess the maximum hea
20、ting demand are specified in ISO 15927-5. Correct simulation of building performance depends not only on the appropriate mean values of the meteorological parameters, but also on the frequency distributions of individual parameters and the cross correlations between them. As these can be difficult t
21、o retain in the type of artificially constructed reference year discussed in this part of ISO 15927, the use of long periods (at least ten years but preferably more) of hourly meteorological data is preferred where possible. This also takes into account long spells of unusually warm or cold weather,
22、 lasting several months, which is eliminated in the construction of a reference year. In practice, however, long runs of hourly data containing all the necessary parameters are very expensive and can be difficult to obtain for many areas. There is, therefore, still a need for annual sets of data tha
23、t can be used to represent the long-term mean performance of buildings. These can be generated once from long runs of expensive data and then distributed more cheaply. This part of ISO 15927 specifies a method for the construction of a reference year from a longer meteorological record. Other method
24、s are possible for constructing reference years for specific purposes, including those methods that are based on an analysis of general weather situations. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04
25、/23/2007 02:24:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 02:24:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted wit
26、hout license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15927-4:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1 Hygrothermal performance of buildings Calculation and presentation of climatic data Part 4: Hourly data for assessing the annual energy use for heating and cooling 1 Scope This part of ISO 15927 spe
27、cifies a method for constructing a reference year of hourly values of appropriate meteorological data suitable for assessing the average annual energy for heating and cooling. Other reference years representing average conditions can be constructed for special purposes. The procedures in this part o
28、f ISO 15927 are not suitable for constructing extreme or semi-extreme years for simulation of, for example, moisture damage or energy demand in cold years. Meteorological instrumentation and methods of observation are not covered; these are specified by the World Meteorological Organization. 2 Norma
29、tive references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. World Meteorological Organization
30、 (WMO): Guide to meteorological instruments and methods of observation. No. 8, 6th Edition, 1996 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 cumulative distribution function normalized rank order of th
31、e values of a parameter, when drawn up in increasing order, within a specified period 3.1.2 reference year year of hourly values of appropriate meteorological parameters representative of the long term climate Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license wit
32、h ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 02:24:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15927-4:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3.2 Symbols F(p) cumulative distribution function of p within each individual month FS Finkelstein-Scha
33、fer statistic J rank order of daily means within a calendar month in one year K rank order of daily means within that calendar month in the whole data set N number of days in any calendar month in the whole data set m month of the year n number of days in an individual month p climate parameter (tem
34、perature, solar radiation or humidity) p daily mean of any climate parameter y year (p) cumulative distribution function of p within each calendar month in all the years in a sample 4 Sources of meteorological data Data used for calculations in accordance with this standard shall have been measured
35、by the methods specified in WMO Guide No. 8, 1996. Because the data used in the selection procedure see 5.3.1, items a) to g) are processed in a way different from that normally used by the weather services, much care has to be exercised in the quality control of the raw data. Missing values shall b
36、e generated by linear interpolation or by estimate, and sudden, unnatural jumps or singular values shall be examined and corrected. If the raw data are available only as three-hourly data (sometimes referred to as synoptic data), then the missing values shall be calculated by linear interpolation. 5
37、 Construction of reference year 5.1 Necessary parameters The reference year shall contain hourly values of at least the following meteorological parameters, taken from a location or locations representative of the climate concerned: dry-bulb air temperature; direct normal solar irradiance and diffus
38、e solar irradiance on a horizontal surface; relative humidity, absolute humidity, water vapour pressure or dewpoint temperature; wind speed at a height of 10 m above ground. As temperature, radiation and humidity are the key parameters for cooling and heating calculations, these are used to construc
39、t the reference year. NOTE Other parameters can be used to develop reference years for special applications. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 02:24:53 MDTNo reproduction or network
40、ing permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15927-4:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3 5.2 Principle of construction In principle, if a year existed within the long-term data in which each month was representative of the long- term conditions, this year could be used as a reference year. Ho
41、wever, that is unlikely and in practice the most appropriate months are selected from a number of different years and joined together, with smoothing at the joins, to construct a complete year. The procedure specified below is designed to construct a year of hourly values in which the mean value of
42、individual variables, their frequency distribution, and correlations between the different variables within each month are as close as possible to the corresponding calendar month of the long term data set. The procedure therefore has two stages: a) selection of the best month, as defined in 5.3, fr
43、om the multi-year record for each calendar month; b) adjustment of the hourly values in the selected month so as to provide a smooth transition when the different months are joined to form a year. The procedures in a) and b) are such that the correlations between variables are retained. 5.3 Procedur
44、e 5.3.1 Selection of months to form the reference year In the procedure described below, dry-bulb temperature, solar radiation and humidity are taken as the primary parameters for selecting the “best” months to form the reference year, with wind speed as a secondary parameter. Other combinations of
45、primary and secondary parameters can be used to develop reference years for special purposes; the variables chosen as the basis of the reference year shall always be stated in the accompanying documentation. For each climatic parameter, p, where p is dry-bulb temperature, solar radiation or humidity
46、, carry out the following operations. a) From at least 10 years (but preferably more) of hourly values of p, calculate the daily means, p. b) For each calendar month, calculate the cumulative distribution function of the daily means over all years in the data set, (p,m,i), by sorting all the values
47、in increasing order and then using Equation (1): ( ) ( , , ) 1 K i p m i N = + (1) where K(i) is the rank order of the ith value of the daily means within that calendar month in the whole data set. c) For each year of the data set, calculate the cumulative distribution function of the daily means wi
48、thin each calendar month, F(p,y,m,i), by sorting all the values for that month and that year in increasing order and then using Equation (2): ( ) ( , , , ) 1 J i F p y m i n = + (2) where J(i) is the rank order of the ith value of the daily means within that month and that year. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 02:24:53 MDTNo reprodu