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1、 Reference number ISO 15859-9:2004(E) ISO 2004 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15859-9 First edition 2004-06-01 Space systems Fluid characteristics, sampling and test methods Part 9: Argon Systmes spatiaux Caractristiques, chantillonnage et mthodes dessai des fluides Partie 9: Argon ISO 15859-9:2004(E) P
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5、4 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the coun
6、try of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reserved ISO 15859-9:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the Internatio
7、nal Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
8、established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standar
9、dization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for v
10、oting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all s
11、uch patent rights. ISO 15859-9 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. ISO 15859 consists of the following parts, under the general title Space systems Fluid characteristics, sampling and test methods: Part 1: Oxyg
12、en Part 2: Hydrogen Part 3: Nitrogen Part 4: Helium Part 5: Nitrogen tetroxide propellants Part 6: Monomethylhydrazine propellant Part 7: Hydrazine propellant Part 8: Kerosine propellant Part 9: Argon Part 10: Water Part 11: Ammonia Part 12: Carbon dioxide Part 13: Breathing air ISO 15859-9:2004(E)
13、iv ISO 2004 All rights reserved Introduction Fluid operations at a spaceport or launch site may involve a number of operators and supplier/customer interfaces, from the fluid production plant to the delivery to the launch vehicle or spacecraft. The purpose of ISO 15859 is to establish uniform requir
14、ements for the components, sampling and test methods of fluids used in the servicing of launch vehicles, spacecraft and ground support equipment. The fluid composition limits specified are intended to define the purity and impurity limits of the fluid for loading into the launch vehicle or spacecraf
15、t. The fluid sampling and test methods are intended to be applied by any operator. The fluid sampling and test methods are acceptable methods for verification of the fluid composition limits. -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15859-9:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1 Space systems Fluid characte
16、ristics, sampling and test methods Part 9: Argon 1 Scope This part of ISO 15859 specifies limits for the composition of argon (Ar) and establishes the sampling and test requirements applicable for the verification of the argon (Ar) composition. This part of ISO 15859 is applicable to argon, used for
17、 purging and pressurization of space systems as well as in both flight hardware and ground facilities, systems, and equipment, of the following types. Type I: gaseous; Type II: liquid. This part of ISO 15859 is applicable to influents only within the specified limits herein. This part of ISO 15859 i
18、s applicable to any sampling operation required to ensure that, when the fluid enters the launch vehicle or spacecraft, the fluid composition complies with the limits provided hereafter or with any technical specification agreed to for a particular use. 2 Normative references The following reference
19、d documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9000, Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary 3 Terms
20、 and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9000 and the following apply. 3.1 verification test analysis performed on the fluid in the container, or a sample thereof, which is representative of the supply, permitting the verification of fluid compositio
21、n limits ISO 15859-9:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 4 Chemical composition 4.1 Chemical composition Unless otherwise provided in an applicable technical specification, the composition of argon delivered to the flight vehicle interface shall be in accordance with the limits given in Table 1 w
22、hen tested in accordance with the applicable test methods. Table 1 Composition limits Component Limit volume fraction % Argon, min. 99,985 Oxygen, max. 0,005 Hydrogen, max. 0,005 Nitrogen, max. 0,005 4.2 Water content When tested as specified in Clause 7, the argon shall contain not more than 0,02 m
23、g of water vapour per litre of gas when measured at 21,1 C and 101,3 kPa (1 atm) absolute or have a dew point of 53,8 C or colder. 5 Procurement The argon types specified in Clause 1 should be procured in accordance with an applicable national standard. 6 Fluid sampling CAUTION Gaseous argon is an a
24、sphyxiant. Human contact with liquid argon will result in severe injury. Care should be taken in the handling and storage of liquid argon to prevent contact with the human body. Care should also be taken to prevent high concentrations of gaseous argon in confined spaces. 6.1 Plan In order to ensure
25、that the fluid composition complies with the limits specified in this part of ISO 15859, a fluid sampling plan should be established by all the involved operators, from the production to the space vehicle interface, and approved by the final user. Sampling activities and test methods shall comply wi
26、th all safety regulations and rules applicable to that task. This plan shall specify the sampling points, the sampling procedures, the sampling frequency, the sample size, the number of samples, the test methods, and the responsibilities of any involved operator. -,-,- ISO 15859-9:2004(E) ISO 2004 A
27、ll rights reserved 3 6.2 Responsibility for sampling Unless otherwise provided in an applicable technical specification, the argon delivered to the flight vehicle interface shall be sampled and verified by the supplier responsible for providing the argon to the flight vehicle. The supplier may use h
28、is/her or any other resources suitable for the performance of the verification tests specified herein unless otherwise directed by the customer. 6.3 Sampling points Unless otherwise specified, sampling shall be conducted at the fluid storage site or the flight vehicle interface. 6.4 Sampling frequen
29、cy Sampling shall be performed annually or in accordance with a time agreed upon by the supplier and the customer. 6.5 Sample size The quantity in a single sample container shall be sufficient to perform the analysis for the limiting characteristics. If a single sample does not contain a sufficient
30、quantity to perform all of the analyses for the required quality verification test, additional samples shall be taken under similar conditions. 6.6 Number of samples The number of samples shall be in accordance with one of the following: a) one sample per storage container; b) any number of samples
31、agreed upon by the supplier and the customer. 6.7 Storage container Unless otherwise provided by the applicable sampling plan, the fluid storage container shall not be refilled after the sample is taken. 6.8 Gaseous samples Gaseous samples shall be a typical specimen from the gaseous argon supply. S
32、amples shall be obtained in accordance with one of the following. a) By filling the sample container and storage containers at the same time, on the same manifold, and under the same conditions and with the same procedure. b) By withdrawing a sample from the supply container through a suitable conne
33、ction into the sample container. No pressure regulator shall be used between the supply and the sample containers (suitable valves are permissible). For safety reasons, the sample container and sampling system shall have a rated service pressure at least equal to the pressure in the supply container
34、. c) By connecting the container being sampled directly to the analytical equipment using suitable pressure regulation to prevent over-pressurizing this equipment. 6.9 Liquid samples (vaporized) Vaporized liquid samples shall be a typical specimen from the liquid argon supply. Samples shall be obtai
35、ned by flowing liquid from the supply container into or through a suitable container in which a representative liquid sample is collected and then completely vaporized. ISO 15859-9:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 6.10 Rejection When any sample of the fluid tested in accordance with Clause 7 f
36、ails to conform to the requirements specified herein, the fluid represented by the sample shall be rejected. Disposal of the rejected fluid shall be specified by the customer. 7 Test methods 7.1 General The supplier will ensure, by standard practice, the quality level of argon. If required, alternat
37、e test methods are described in 7.3 to 7.7. Test method procedures not listed in this part of ISO 15859 are acceptable if agreed upon between the supplier and the customer. These tests are a single analysis or a series of analyses performed on the fluid to ensure the reliability of the storage facil
38、ity to supply the required quality level. This can be verified by analysis of representative samples of the fluid from the facility at appropriate intervals as agreed upon between supplier and the customer. Tests may be performed by the supplier or by a laboratory agreed upon between the supplier an
39、d the customer. The analytical requirements for the tests shall include the determination of all limiting characteristics of argon. 7.2 Parameters of analysis The parameters for analytical techniques contained in 7.3 to 7.7 are the following: a) purity and impurity contents shall be expressed as a m
40、ole fraction in percent (%); b) water content expressed in mg/l at 101,3 kPa or cm3/m3, or in terms of dew point temperature (C); c) calibration gas standards containing the applicable gaseous components may be required to calibrate the analytical instruments used to determine the limiting character
41、istic levels of fluid; d) if required by the customer, the accuracy of the measuring equipment used in preparing these standards shall be traceable to an established institute for standards; e) analytical equipment shall be operated in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. 7.3 Argon purity
42、 The argon purity shall be determined by one of the following procedures. a) By a thermal conductivity analyser measuring the aggregate impurities which have different thermal conductivities than argon. The analyser is to be calibrated at appropriate intervals using calibration gas standards. The ra
43、nge of the analyser shall be no greater than 10 times the difference between the specified minimum value of argon purity, expressed as a volume fraction (%), and 100 %. b) By determining the quantity of aggregate impurities using the methods in 7.4 to 7.7. The purity of argon is the value obtained w
44、hen the quantity of aggregate impurities, expressed as a volume fraction (%), is subtracted from 100. c) By a mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer shall be operated so that its sensitivity is at least 10 % of the specified maximum quantity of the component. d) By a gas chromatographic system in
45、accordance with 7.6 c) using a carrier gas other than argon. ISO 15859-9:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 5 7.4 Water content For liquid argon, the water content is determined by sampling. Only online measurements are possible for gaseous argon. For gaseous or vaporized argon, the water content
46、shall be determined by one of the following procedures. a) By a dew-point analyser in which the temperature of a viewed surface is measured at the time water first begins to form. b) By a piezoelectric sorption hygrometer, of which the accuracy of analysis shall be 0,1 cm3/m3 or 5 % of the reading,
47、whichever is greater. c) By a metal-oxide-capacitor-equipped analyser within a range which is no greater than 10 times the specific maximum water content. d) By an electrolytic hygrometer having an indicator graduated in cubic centimetres per cubic metre within a range that is not greater than 10 ti
48、mes the specified maximum water content. 7.5 Oxygen content The oxygen content shall be determined by one of the following procedures. a) By an electrochemical-type oxygen analyser containing a solid or an aqueous electrolyte. The analyser shall be calibrated at appropriate intervals by use of calib
49、ration gas standards or integrally in accordance with Faradays Law. The range used should be no greater than 10 times the specified maximum oxygen content. b) By a heat-of-reaction-type analyser. The analyser shall be calibrated at appropriate intervals by the use of calibration gas standards or integrally in accordance with Faradays Law. The range used should be no greater than 10 times