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1、 Reference number ISO 15927-5:2004(E) ISO 2004 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15927-5 First edition 2004-11-15 Hygrothermal performance of buildings Calculation and presentation of climatic data Part 5: Data for design heat load for space heating Performance hygrothermique des btiments Calcul et prsenta
2、tion des donnes climatiques Partie 5: Donnes pour la charge calorifique de conception pour le chauffage des locaux Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:16:32 MDTNo
3、reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15927-5:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are lice
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6、to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2004 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without p
7、ermission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights r
8、eserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:16:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15927-5:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights
9、 reserved iii Contents Page Forewordiv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units . 1 4 Methods of calculation. 2 5 Coincident wind speed. 4 6 Dominant wind direction 4 7 Reference altitude. 4 8 Presentation of data 5 9 Data representing a geographica
10、l area, region or zone 6 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:16:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15927-5:2004(E) iv
11、 ISO 2004 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interes
12、ted in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical C
13、ommission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the tech
14、nical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO
15、shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15927 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 2, Calculation me
16、thods, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). ISO 15927 consists of the following parts, under the general title Hygrothermal performance of buildings Calculation and presentation of climatic data: Part 1: Monthly means of single meteorologi
17、cal elements Part 5: Data for design heat load for space heating The following parts are under preparation: Part 4: Data for assessing the annual energy for cooling and heating systems Part 6: Accumulated temperature differences (degree days) Copyright International Organization for Standardization
18、Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:16:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15927-5:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved v Introduction The choice of design heat load for space
19、 heating is a matter of balancing user needs against cost. On the one hand, users expect a heating system to maintain the internal temperatures needed for health and comfort; on the other hand, very high heating demand arises from time to time, when a meteorological extreme occurs. It may be unecono
20、mic to design heating systems for rare extremes, as this can lead to high capital (initial) cost and to lower operational efficiency of the system. The practical solution is to choose an infrequent, but not extreme, climatological value as the basis for the design load. This means that from time to
21、time heat demand will exceed the system capacity, with the result that internal temperatures will be lower than desired, or that supplementary heating will be needed (e.g. from local heaters). The methods of calculation in this part of ISO 15927 include a standard return period or frequency, which i
22、s judged to give an acceptable balance between risk of inadequate performance and cost. The definition of winter external design temperatures also needs to reflect the interaction between buildings and their external environment. Buildings possess thermal inertia and do not respond instantly to chan
23、ges in weather conditions. The time delay (or lag) before internal conditions are significantly affected varies among different types of construction and heating methods. To allow for this, winter external design temperatures, calculated according to this part of ISO 15927, can be defined over a ran
24、ge of periods from as short as 1 h to as long as 4 days. The influence of wind is important, as infiltration can cause a large proportion of heat loss from buildings that are not airtight; this is especially true in climates where infrequent, low temperatures are associated with high wind speeds. Th
25、is part of ISO 15927 specifies that average coincident wind speed and range of directions are determined for the conditions of the winter external design temperature. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9
26、972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:16:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:16:32 M
27、DTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15927-5:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1 Hygrothermal performance of buildings Calculation and presentation of climatic data Part 5: Data for design heat load for space heating 1 Scope This part
28、 of ISO 15927 specifies the definition, method of calculation and method of presentation of the climatic data to be used in determining the design heat load for space heating in buildings. These include the winter external design air temperatures; the relevant wind speed and direction, where appropr
29、iate. Heat loss through the ground, which also contributes to the heat load for buildings, depends on longer-term temperature changes; methods for calculating ground heat loss are given in ISO 133701). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
30、 this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6243, Climatic data for building design Proposed system of symbols World Meteorological Organization: Guide to Meteorolo
31、gical Instruments and Methods of Observation, 6th Edition, WMO No. 8, 1996 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6243 and the following apply. 3.1.1 design heat load maximum heat output required fro
32、m the heating system of a building, in order to maintain required internal temperatures without supplementary heating 3.1.2 winter external design temperature low external air temperature with a defined return period, used to determine the design heat load of a building 1) ISO 13370, Thermal perform
33、ance of buildings Heat transfer via the ground Calculation methods. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:16:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without li
34、cense from IHS -,-,- ISO 15927-5:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3.1.3 coincident wind speed average wind speed during a period over which temperature is averaged 3.1.4 hourly temperature average of continuously recorded air temperatures during 1 h, or in the absence of continuous measurement
35、s, the average of the air temperatures observed at regular intervals 3.1.5 daily maximum temperature maximum dry-bulb air temperature during a day (00:00 to 24:00), taken as either the highest hourly mean temperature or the recorded extreme on a maximum thermometer 3.1.6 daily minimum temperatures m
36、inimum dry-bulb air temperature during a day (00:00 to 24:00), taken as either the lowest hourly mean temperature or the recorded extreme on a minimum thermometer 3.1.7 n-day mean temperature average of dry-bulb air temperature on n consecutive days, where n is one, two, three or four 3.2 Symbols an
37、d units dx daily maximum temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius dn daily minimum temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius hm hourly mean temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius ndm n-day mean temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius * h hourly mean design temperature, expressed in degrees Cel
38、sius *d n n-day mean design temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius NOTE The letter symbols used differ in some cases from those given in ISO 6243, mainly to comply with the developing practice in other International Standards from ISO/TC 163. However, the principles of ISO 6243 have been followed
39、 where possible. 4 Methods of calculation 4.1 Sources of data The temperatures and wind speeds used to calculate the winter external design temperature shall be measured by the methods specified by the WMO Guide No.8 1996. 4.2 Types of winter external design temperature required Two main types of wi
40、nter external design temperature can be calculated: an n-day mean air temperature, *d n , where n is one, two, three or four; an hourly mean air temperature, * h . Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972
41、545001 Not for Resale, 04/21/2007 11:16:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15927-5:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3 4.3 n-day mean design temperature The n-day mean design temperature, *d n , is calculated as the n-day mean air temperature, where n
42、 is one, two, three or four, having an average return period of 1 year (e.g. occurring on average 20 times in 20 years). The n-day mean air temperature on which it is based may be calculated, for every combination of n successive days, in one of several ways, depending on the data available. a) Wher
43、e hourly data are available, ndm shall be calculated as the mean of 24n hourly values between 00:00 on the first day and 23:00 on the final day. b) Where three-hourly data are available, ndm shall be calculated as the mean of 8n three-hourly values between 00:00 on the first day and 21:00 on the fin
44、al day. c) Where temperatures observed at 07:30 (7:30), 14:30 (14:30) and 21:30 (21:30), or at other similar times, are available, ndm shall be calculated using Equation (1) or the equivalent equation for the appropriate times: () 7:3014:3021:30 1 dm 2 4 n i i n n = + = (1) where the summation is ov
45、er one, two, three or four days. d) Where only daily maximum and daily minimum temperatures are available, a less accurate estimate relative to those derived from 4.3 a), 4.3 b) or 4.3 c) shall be obtained using Equation (2): () dxdn 1 dm 2 n i i n n = + = (2) where the summation is over one, two, t
46、hree or four days. The choice of calculation method has a relatively small influence on the value of *d n , which shall be derived from the most finely resolved data available for a location in order of priority from 4.3 a) to 4.3 d). 4.4 Hourly mean design temperature Calculate * h as the hourly me
47、an air temperature exceeded on average in 99 % of the hours during the coldest month of the year. It may be either a) calculated from hourly temperature data, sorted into a frequency distribution, or b) estimated from three-hourly data, where hourly data are not available, using quadratic interpolat
48、ion to estimate the temperatures in intermediate hours and then treating the estimated hourly data as in 4.3 a). The coldest month is the month with the lowest 20-year average monthly mean temperature. It shall be used as the month from which hourly data are drawn, even in those years (if any) when the lowest monthly mean temperature occurs in a different month. 4.5 Period of records of source data All values of winter e