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1、 Reference number ISO 15859-2:2004(E) ISO 2004 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15859-2 First edition 2004-06-01 Space systems Fluid characteristics, sampling and test methods Part 2: Hydrogen Systmes spatiaux Caractristiques, chantillonnage et mthodes dessai des fluides Partie 2: Hydrogne ISO 15859-2:200
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5、SO 2004 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in th
6、e country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reserved ISO 15859-2:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the Inte
7、rnational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has
8、 been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical s
9、tandardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies
10、 for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or
11、 all such patent rights. ISO 15859-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. ISO 15859 consists of the following parts, under the general title Space systems Fluid characteristics, sampling and test methods: Part 1
12、: Oxygen Part 2: Hydrogen Part 3: Nitrogen Part 4: Helium Part 5: Nitrogen tetroxide propellants Part 6: Monomethylhydrazine propellant Part 7: Hydrazine propellant Part 8: Kerosine propellant Part 9: Argon Part 10: Water Part 11: Ammonia Part 12: Carbon dioxide Part 13: Breathing air ISO 15859-2:20
13、04(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reserved Introduction Fluid operations at a spaceport or launch site may involve a number of operators and supplier/customer interfaces, from the fluid production plant to the delivery to the launch vehicle or spacecraft. The purpose of ISO 15859 is to establish uniform
14、requirements for the components, sampling and test methods of fluids used in the servicing of launch vehicles, spacecraft and ground support equipment. The fluid composition limits specified are intended to define the purity and impurity limits of the fluid for loading into the launch vehicle or spa
15、cecraft. The fluid sampling and test methods are intended to be applied by any operator. The fluid sampling and test methods are acceptable methods for verification of the fluid composition limits. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15859-2:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1 Space systems Fluid characte
16、ristics, sampling and test methods Part 2: Hydrogen 1 Scope This part of ISO 15859 specifies limits for the composition of hydrogen and establishes the sampling and test requirements applicable for the verification of the hydrogen composition. This part of ISO 15859 is applicable to hydrogen, used i
17、n flight hardware and ground facilities, systems and equipment, of the following types and grades. Type I: gaseous Grade A: fuel, Grade F: fuel, Type II: liquid Grade A: fuel, Grade F: fuel. This part of ISO 15859 is applicable to influents only within the specified limits herein. This part of ISO 1
18、5859 is applicable to any sampling operation required to ensure that, when the fluid enters the launch vehicle or spacecraft, the fluid composition complies with the limits provided hereafter or with any technical specification agreed to for a particular use. 2 Normative references The following ref
19、erenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9000, Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary I
20、SO 14687, Hydrogen fuel Product specification -,-,- ISO 15859-2:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9000 and the following apply. 3.1 total hydrocarbon content (as methane) single carbon atom equival
21、ent 3.2 verification test analysis performed on the fluid in the container, or a sample thereof, which is representative of the supply, permitting the verification of fluid composition limits 4 Chemical composition Unless otherwise provided in an applicable technical specification, the composition o
22、f hydrogen delivered to the flight vehicle interface shall be in accordance with the limits given in Table 1 when tested in accordance with the applicable test methods. Table 1 Composition limits Limits Type I (gaseous) Type II (liquid) Component Grade A Grade F Grade A Grade F Hydrogen (H2) Volume
23、fraction, % by difference, min. 99,994 99,995 99,994 99,995 Purity Para-hydrogen (balance ortho-hydrogen) Volume fraction, %, min. Not specified Not specified Not specified 95,0 Total gaseous impurities l/l, max.60 50 60 50 Nitrogen, water, and volatile hydrocarbons combined l/l, max.9,0 10 9,0 10 O
24、xygen plus argon l/l, max.5,0 1 5,0 1 Helium l/l, max.45,0 40 45,0 40 Impurities Carbon monoxide plus carbon dioxide l/l, max.1,0 1 1,0 1 5 Procurement The types and grades of hydrogen specified in Clause 1 should be procured in accordance with ISO 14687 or an applicable national standard. 6 Fluid s
25、ampling CAUTION Hydrogen is highly flammable and explosive, is an asphyxiant, and is volatile. Human contact with liquid hydrogen will result in severe injury. Care should be taken in the handling and storage of liquid hydrogen to prevent contact with the human body and with materials that are not c
26、ompatible with hydrogen. -,-,- ISO 15859-2:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3 6.1 Plan In order to ensure that the fluid composition complies with the limits specified in this part of ISO 15859, a fluid sampling plan should be established by all the involved operators, from the production to the
27、 space vehicle interface, and approved by the final user. Sampling activities and test methods shall comply with all safety regulations and rules applicable to that task. The plan shall specify the sampling points, the sampling procedures, the sampling frequency, the sample size, the number of sampl
28、es, the test methods, the responsibilities of any involved operator. 6.2 Responsibility for sampling Unless otherwise provided in an applicable technical specification, the hydrogen delivered to the flight vehicle interface shall be sampled and verified by the supplier responsible for providing the
29、hydrogen to the flight vehicle. The supplier may use his/her or any other resources suitable for the performance of the verification tests specified herein unless otherwise directed by the customer. 6.3 Sampling points Unless otherwise specified, sampling shall be conducted at the fluid storage site
30、 or the flight vehicle interface. 6.4 Sampling frequency Sampling shall be performed annually or in accordance with a time agreed upon by the supplier and the customer. 6.5 Sample size The quantity in a single sample container shall be sufficient to perform the analysis for the limiting characterist
31、ics. If a single sample does not contain a sufficient quantity to perform all of the analyses for the required quality verification test, additional samples shall be taken under similar conditions. 6.6 Number of samples The number of samples shall be in accordance with one of the following: a) one s
32、ample per storage container; b) any number of samples agreed upon by the supplier and the customer. 6.7 Storage container Unless otherwise provided by the applicable sampling plan, the fluid storage container shall not be refilled after the sample is taken. ISO 15859-2:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights
33、reserved 6.8 Gaseous samples Gaseous samples shall be a typical specimen from the gaseous hydrogen supply. Samples shall be obtained in accordance with one of the following. a) By filling the sample container and storage containers at the same time, on the same manifold, and under the same condition
34、s and with the same procedure. b) By withdrawing a sample from the supply container through a suitable connection into the sample container. No pressure regulator shall be used between the supply and the sample containers. (Suitable valves are permissible.) For safety reasons, the sample container a
35、nd sampling system shall have a rated service pressure at least equal to the pressure in the supply container. c) By connecting the container being sampled directly to the analytical equipment using suitable pressure regulation to prevent over-pressurizing this equipment. 6.9 Rejection When any samp
36、le of the fluid tested in accordance with Clause 7 fails to conform to the requirements specified in this part of ISO 15859, the fluid represented by the sample shall be rejected. Disposal of the rejected fluid shall be specified by the customer. 7 Test methods 7.1 General The supplier will ensure,
37、by standard practice, the quality level of hydrogen. If required, alternate test methods are described in 7.3 to 7.10. Other test methods not listed in this part of ISO 15859 are acceptable if agreed upon between the supplier and the customer. These tests are a single analysis or a series of analyse
38、s performed on the fluid to ensure the reliability of the storage facility to supply the required quality level. This can be verified by analysis of representative samples of the fluid from the facility at appropriate intervals as agreed upon between supplier and the customer. Tests may be performed
39、 by the supplier or by a laboratory agreed upon between the supplier and the customer. The analytical requirements for the tests shall include the determination of all limiting characteristics of hydrogen. 7.2 Parameters of analysis The parameters for analytical techniques contained in 7.3 to 7.10 a
40、re the following: a) purity and impurity contents shall be mole fraction expressed as a percentage by volume (volume fraction, %) unless otherwise noted; b) calibration gas standards containing the applicable gaseous components may be required to calibrate the analytical instruments used to determin
41、e the limiting characteristic levels of fluid; c) if required by the customer, the accuracy of the measuring equipment used in preparing these standards shall be traceable to an established institute for standards; d) analytical equipment shall be operated in accordance with the manufacturers instru
42、ctions. ISO 15859-2:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 5 7.3 Hydrogen purity The hydrogen purity shall be determined by one of the following procedures. a) By a thermal conductivity analyser measuring the aggregate impurities which have different thermal conductivities from hydrogen. The analyser
43、is to be calibrated at appropriate intervals using calibration gas standards. The range of the analyser shall be no greater than 10 times the difference between the specified minimum value of hydrogen purity, expressed as a volume fraction (%), and 100 %. Thus for a 99,5 % minimum volume fraction of
44、 hydrogen, the analyser should have a maximum range of 5 % impurity or from 95 % to 100 % hydrogen. b) By a volumetric or manometric gas analysis apparatus. c) By determining the quantity of aggregate impurities using the methods given in 7.4 to 7.10. The purity of hydrogen is the value obtained whe
45、n the quantity of aggregate impurities, expressed as a mole fraction (%), is subtracted from 100 %. d) By any suitable chromatographic system which effectively measures specific impurities see 7.8 a). 7.4 Hydrogen assay for para-hydrogen (liquid samples only) Para-hydrogen (percent minimum balance o
46、rtho-hydrogen) shall be determined by thermal conductivity type in-stream analysers installed in the suppliers system and shall be calibrated integrally by the appropriate use of temperature-controlled catalyst beds. The test may be performed only when agreed upon between the supplier and the custom
47、er. 7.5 Water content For liquid hydrogen, the water content cannot be determined by sampling. For gaseous hydrogen, the water content shall be determined by one of the following procedures. a) By an electrolytic hygrometer having an indicator graduated in cubic centimetres per cubic metre within a
48、range no greater than 10 times the specified maximum water content. Recombination of oxygen with hydrogen can occur, producing a false high reading. Refer to instrument manufacturers instructions for proper analytical technique. b) By a dew-point analyser in which the temperature of a viewed surface
49、 is measured at the time water first begins to form. c) By a piezoelectric sorption hygrometer, of which the accuracy of analysis shall be 0,1 cm3/m3 or 5 % of the reading, whichever is greater. d) By a metal-oxide-capacitor-equipped analyser within a range no greater than 10 times the specific maximum water content. 7.6 Total hydrocarbon content (THC) The total (volati