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1、 Reference number ISO 15912:2006(E) ISO 2006 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15912 First edition 2006-10-01 Dentistry Casting investments and refractory die materials Art dentaire Revtements et matriaux pour modles rfractaires Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under
2、 license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 02:00:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15912:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, th
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5、re that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utiliz
6、ed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax +
7、41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 02:00:32 MDTNo re
8、production or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15912:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Classification. 2 5 Requirements 2 5.1 General. 2 5.2 Material consistency.
9、 2 5.3 Fluidity . 2 5.4 Initial setting time . 3 5.5 Compressive strength 3 5.6 Linear thermal dimensional change . 3 5.7 Setting expansion. 3 6 Sampling, test conditions and mixing 3 6.1 Sampling 3 6.2 Test conditions . 3 6.3 Mixing. 3 7 Test methods. 4 7.1 Material consistency. 4 7.2 Fluidity . 4
10、7.3 Initial setting time . 5 7.4 Compressive strength 7 7.5 Linear thermal dimensional change . 9 8 Manufacturers instructions 12 8.1 General. 12 8.2 Information for use. 12 8.3 Physical properties. 13 8.4 Safety instructions 13 9 Marking 13 9.1 Powder container 13 9.2 Liquid container 14 10 Packagi
11、ng 14 10.1 Powder. 14 10.2 Liquid . 14 Bibliography. 15 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 02:00:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from I
12、HS -,-,- ISO 15912:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committ
13、ees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Int
14、ernational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
15、Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the s
16、ubject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15912 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 2, Prosthodontic materials. This first edition of ISO 15912 contains the requirements and test methods for de
17、ntal casting, brazing and refractory investment and die materials. It cancels and replaces ISO 7490:2000, ISO 9694:1996, ISO 11244:1999, ISO 11245:1999 and ISO 11246:1996. In general, this International Standard contains the same or similar requirements to those contained in the five International S
18、tandards it replaces. An exception is the requirement for setting expansion, which has been removed due to the continuing inability to find a suitably reliable and reproducible test method for all binder chemistries. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under lice
19、nse with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 02:00:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15912:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved v Introduction Dental investment and other refractory materials are used for a vari
20、ety of applications within the dental laboratory. Historically, standards were developed on the basis of the chemistry of the binding system used or specific type of application, resulting in five separate International Standards. This single International Standard gives the requirements and test me
21、thods for dental casting, brazing and refractory investments and refractory die materials, regardless of the nature of the binding system or the particular application. This International Standard classifies investments into types according to their intended use and classes according to the recommen
22、ded burn-out procedure. A specific quantitative requirement for setting expansion is not included in this International Standard. However, if the setting expansion of a gypsum-bonded investment is measured, use of the procedure contained in ISO 6873:1998 should be considered. This procedure is not r
23、ecommended for phosphate-bonded products. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 02:00:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyr
24、ight International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 02:00:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15912:2006(E) ISO 2006 Al
25、l rights reserved 1 Dentistry Casting investments and refractory die materials 1 Scope This International Standard is applicable to dental casting, brazing and refractory investments and refractory die materials, regardless of the nature of the binding system or the particular application. This Inte
26、rnational Standard classifies investments into types according to their intended use and classes according to the burn-out procedure recommended by the manufacturer. This International Standard specifies requirements for the essential physical and mechanical properties of the materials and the test
27、methods used to determine them. This International Standard also includes requirements for the information and instructions which accompany each package. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the e
28、dition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3696:1987, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods ISO 1942, Dentistry Vocabulary ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats Information
29、 interchange Representation of dates and times 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions of ISO 1942 and the following apply. 3.1 dental casting investment material refractory filler powder and binder system which, mixed with a specified liquid, hardens to
30、form the mould for casting dental restorations NOTE Generally, the refractory powder consists of oxides such as silica. Depending upon its chemistry, all the components of the binder can be in the liquid, or some can be dispersed (as a powder) in the refractory powder. The liquid can be pure water o
31、r a special liquid, as required by the chemistry of the binding system. 3.2 refractory die material powder mixture of a refractory filler and binder system designed, specifically (when mixed with a particular liquid) to allow the formation of a hardened die suitable for the production of dental cera
32、mic restorations using the sintering technique 3.3 brazing investment material powder mixture of a refractory filler and binder system, designed specifically (when mixed with a particular liquid) to allow the formation of a cast upon which components are held in place while they are being joined by
33、brazing NOTE The cast can be referred to as the model, even though this is a deprecated term. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 02:00:32 MDTNo reproduction or netwo
34、rking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15912:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3.4 special liquid liquid, other than water, supplied by the manufacturer or distributor for mixing with the investment powder 3.5 slow- or step-heating method heating method in which the burn-out furnace
35、 is initially at room temperature, then its temperature is increased to the end temperature at a programmed rate NOTE After a time recommended by the manufacturer, the set investment is placed in the burn-out furnace, which is set at room temperature. The temperature of the furnace is then increased
36、 to the end temperature in a series of stages and at a rate recommended by the manufacturer. 3.6 quick-heating method heating method in which the burn-out furnace is set initially at the recommended final burn-out temperature NOTE At a time recommended by the manufacturer, the set investment is plac
37、ed directly in the heated furnace. The furnace is maintained at this temperature, 4 Classification For purposes of this International Standard, investments and refractory die materials are categorized by the following types. Type 1: for the construction of inlays, crowns and other fixed restorations
38、; Type 2: for the construction of complete or partial dentures or other removable appliances; Type 3: for the construction of casts used in brazing procedures; Type 4: for the construction of refractory dies. There are two classes of casting investment and refractory die material: Class 1: recommend
39、ed for burn-out by a slow- or step-heating method; Class 2: recommended for burn-out by a quick-heating method. 5 Requirements 5.1 General If a manufacturer claims that a given product is suitable for both classes, the material must satisfy the requirements for both classes. 5.2 Material consistency
40、 When examined in accordance with 7.1, the powder shall be uniform and free from lumps and foreign matter. If a special liquid is supplied, it shall be free of sediment. 5.3 Fluidity When measured in accordance with 7.2, the fluidity shall not vary by more than 30 % from the value stated by the manu
41、facturer. This requirement shall not apply to silica bonded investments (i.e. products in which an alcoholic solution of ethyl silicate is used in the binding system). Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/
42、9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/19/2007 02:00:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 15912:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3 5.4 Initial setting time When measured in accordance with 7.3, the initial setting time shall not vary by more than 30 % from that
43、 stated by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer gives a range for the initial setting time, the measured initial setting time shall not vary by more than 30 % from the mid-point of this range. 5.5 Compressive strength When measured in accordance with 7.4, the compressive strength shall not vary by
44、more than 30 % from that stated by the manufacturer and in no case shall be lower than 2 MPa. 5.6 Linear thermal dimensional change When measured in accordance with 7.5, the linear thermal expansion for all four types shall not vary by more than 20 % from the value stated by the manufacturer. If the
45、 manufacturer gives a range for the linear thermal expansion, the measured linear thermal expansion shall not vary by more than 20 % from the mid-point of this range. When measured in accordance with 7.5, the linear firing shrinkage for Type 4 shall not vary by more than 15 % from the value stated b
46、y the manufacturer. If the manufacturer gives a range for the linear firing shrinkage, the measured linear firing shrinkage shall not vary by more than 15 % from the mid-point of this range. 5.7 Setting expansion See the Introduction for guidance on setting expansion. 6 Sampling, test conditions and
47、 mixing 6.1 Sampling Use material from a single lot. Use only sealed, undamaged packages that are within the “use before” date. If a special liquid is recommended by the manufacturer, use liquid from a single lot that is within the “use before” date. 6.2 Test conditions Carry out all testing under c
48、ontrolled conditions of temperature (23 1) C and relative humidity (50 10) % in a room free from obvious draughts. Hold all materials and test equipment under these controlled conditions for a minimum period of 16 hours prior to testing. 6.3 Mixing Mix according to the manufacturers instructions. If a range is given for the powder to liquid ratio, use the midpoint of this range. When a special liquid is supplied, use at the manufacturers recommended dilution in accor