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1、 Reference number ISO 16063-12:2002(E) ISO 2002 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16063-12 First edition 2002-04-01 Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 12: Primary vibration calibration by the reciprocity method Mthodes pour ltalonnage des transducteurs de vibrations et de c
2、hocs Partie 12: talonnage primaire de vibrations par mthode rciproque Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 20:31:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without
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6、cretariat at the address given below. ISO 2002 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the
7、address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2002 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for
8、 Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 20:31:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16063-12:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword.iv 1 Scope
9、1 2 Normative references1 3 Uncertainty of measurement1 4 Symbols1 5 Requirements for apparatus.2 6 Ambient conditions.4 7 Preferred amplitudes and frequencies4 8 Procedure.4 9 Computation of sensitivity6 Annex A (normative) Calculation of uncertainty10 Annex B (informative) Application of the theor
10、y of reciprocity to the calibration of electromechanical transducers 14 Bibliography20 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 20:31:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking p
11、ermitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16063-12:2002(E) iv ISO 2002 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried
12、 out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
13、 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare Internation
14、al Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elem
15、ents of this part of ISO 16063 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16063-12 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration and shock, Subcommittee SC 3, Use and calibration of vibration and sh
16、ock measuring instruments. ISO 16063 consists of the following parts, under the general title Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers: Part 1: Basic concepts Part 11: Primary vibration calibration by laser interferometry Part 12: Primary vibration calibration by the reciprocit
17、y method Part 13: Primary shock calibration using laser interferometry Part 21: Vibration calibration by comparison to a reference transducer Part 22: Secondary shock calibration Annex A forms a normative part of this part of ISO 16063. Annex B is for information only. Copyright International Organi
18、zation for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 20:31:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16063-12:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1 Me
19、thods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 12: Primary vibration calibration by the reciprocity method 1 Scope This part of ISO 16063 specifies the instrumentation and procedures to be used for primary calibration of accelerometers using the reciprocity method and the SI syste
20、m of units. It is applicable to the calibration of rectilinear accelerometers over a frequency range of 40 Hz to 5 kHz and a frequency-dependent amplitude range of 10 m/s2 to 100 m/s2 and is based on the use of the coil of an electrodynamic vibrator as the reciprocal transducer. Calibration of the s
21、ensitivity of a transducer can be obtained using this part of ISO 16063 provided that the signal conditioner or amplifier used with the transducer during calibration has been adequately characterized. In order to achieve the uncertainties of measurement given in clause 3, it has been assumed that th
22、e transducer has been calibrated in combination with its signal conditioner or amplifier (the combination of which in this part of ISO 16063 is referred to as the “accelerometer”). 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, cons
23、titute provisions of this part of ISO 16063. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 16063 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of t
24、he normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 266, Acoustics Preferred frequencies ISO 16063-1:1998, Methods for the calibrati
25、on of vibration and shock transducers Part 1: Basic concepts 3 Uncertainty of measurement At a reference frequency of 160 Hz and a reference amplitude of 100 m/s2, 50 m/s2, 20 m/s2 or 10 m/s2, the applicable limits of uncertainty are 0,5 % of the modulus (magnitude) of complex sensitivity and 1 of t
26、he argument (phase shift) of complex sensitivity. Over the full range of amplitudes and frequencies, the limits of uncertainty in the measured magnitude and phase shift of sensitivity are 1 % and 2, respectively. All users of this part of ISO 16063 are expected to make uncertainty budgets according
27、to annex A to document the uncertainty of measurement. The uncertainty of measurement is expressed as the expanded measurement uncertainty in accordance with ISO 16063-1 (referred to here as “uncertainty”). 4 Symbols A general list of symbols used in this part of ISO 16063 is contained in Table 1. S
28、pecific symbols used in formulae are defined following the formulae in which they appear. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 20:31:57 MDTNo reproduction or networkin
29、g permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16063-12:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All rights reserved Table 1 General symbols Symbol Definition Unit f frequency of vibration Hz n indices of test masses (n = 0 indicates no test mass) mn mass of the test mass number n kg u complex voltage V U complex voltage
30、 ratio Y complex electrical admittance S R electrical resistance complex intercept of least-squares fit kg complex slope of least-squares fit Sa complex sensitivity of the calibrated accelerometer V/(ms2) |Sa| modulus (magnitude) of Sa V/(ms2) a argument (phase shift) of Sa degree Re real part of a
31、complex quantity Im imaginary part of a complex quantity | | modulus or absolute value of a complex quantity arg argument of a complex quantity 5 Requirements for apparatus 5.1 General The case of the transducer shall be structurally rigid over the frequency range of interest. The sensitivity to bas
32、e strain and transverse motion and the stability of the accelerometer (transducer in combination with the signal conditioner or amplifier) shall be included in the calculation of the expanded uncertainties in determining the modulus and argument of complex sensitivity (see annex A). 5.2 Frequency ge
33、nerator and indicator or counter Use equipment having the following characteristics: a) maximum uncertainty in frequency: 0,01 %; b) change in frequency: less than 0,01 % over each measurement period; c) change in amplitude: less than 0,01 % over each measurement period. 5.3 Power amplifier/vibrator
34、 combination Use equipment having the following characteristics for all measurement conditions: a) maximum total harmonic distortion: 2 %; b) transverse, bending and rocking acceleration: commensurate with the uncertainty of the measured sensitivity (typically 10 % of the acceleration in the intende
35、d direction over the frequency range of interest); c) minimum ratio of signal to noise at the output of the accelerometer: 30 dB; d) change in acceleration amplitude: less than 0,05 % over each measurement period. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license
36、 with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 20:31:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16063-12:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3 5.4 Seismic block for vibrator The vibrator shall be mounted on a massive rigid s
37、eismic block so as to minimize the reaction of the vibrator support structure to the motion of the vibrator from significantly affecting the uncertainty in the calibration results. The mass of the seismic block should be at least 2 000 times that of the moving element of the vibrator. Examples of se
38、ismic blocks suitable for this use include granite blocks or steel honeycomb optical tables. The seismic block should be vibration isolated with vertical and horizontal suspension resonances of less than 2 Hz if significant seismic vibration exists in the calibration environment. 5.5 Instrumentation
39、 for complex voltage ratio measurements Use equipment having the following characteristics: a) frequency range: 40 Hz to 5 kHz; b) maximum uncertainty in the modulus (magnitude) of complex voltage ratio: 0,1 %; c) maximum uncertainty in the argument of complex voltage ratio: 0,1. 5.6 Resistor The re
40、sistor shall have a maximum uncertainty in the determination of its resistance of 0,05 % over the calibration frequency range and the range of power dissipated. Ensure that the value of the impedance of the standard resistor used to determine current does not vary appreciably due to inductive and th
41、ermal effects. 5.7 Set of test masses The test masses shall a) cover a range of at least five approximately equal intervals, with the largest test mass between approximately 0,5 to 1 times the mass of the moving element of the vibrator, and b) have a maximum uncertainty in the determination of mass
42、of 0,05 %. It is recommended that the shape of the test masses be similar to that of a cube or cylinder with a length-to-width ratio of approximately one. The maximum frequency at which the test mass behaves as a rigid body can then be estimated by use of the formula: c/(2L) where c is the speed of
43、sound in the material of the test mass and L is its length. The surface finish specifications and the machining tolerances of the mounting hardware of the test masses should meet or exceed the requirements specified for mounting the transducer being calibrated. This is particularly critical if calib
44、rations are performed at high frequencies. The test masses should be machined from a relatively stiff material such as tungsten carbide to maximize the frequencies of the natural resonances occurring in them. In practice, the number and size of the test masses selected will be a compromise between r
45、educing the statistical uncertainty versus increasing the measurement uncertainty due to thermal effects occurring in the drive coil as a result of making a relatively large number of measurements with large differences in measured electrical admittance. 5.8 Distortion-measuring instrumentation Use
46、equipment capable of measuring a total harmonic distortion of 0,01 % to 5 % and having the following characteristics: a) frequency range: 40 Hz to 5 kHz; b) maximum uncertainty: 10 % of the measured value of distortion. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under l
47、icense with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 20:31:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16063-12:2002(E) 4 ISO 2002 All rights reserved 5.9 Oscilloscope While an oscilloscope is useful for examining the waveform
48、s of the accelerometer and electrodynamic moving coil, its use is not mandatory. 5.10 Air-handling equipment This shall be capable of maintaining the ambient conditions within the requirements specified in clause 6. 6 Ambient conditions Calibrations shall be carried out under the following ambient conditions: a) room temperature: (23 3) C; b) maximum relative humidity: 75 %. 7 Preferred amplitudes and frequencies The amplitudes and frequencies of acceleration used during calibration should