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1、 Reference number ISO 16063-21:2003(E) ISO 2003 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16063-21 First edition 2003-08-15 Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 21: Vibration calibration by comparison to a reference transducer Mthodes pour ltalonnage des transducteurs de vibrations e
2、t de chocs Partie 21: talonnage de vibrations par comparaison un transducteur de rfrence Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Qatar Petroleum/5943408001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 02:35:28 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted
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6、ntral Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO
7、 at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2003 All rights reserved Copyright International Orga
8、nization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Qatar Petroleum/5943408001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 02:35:28 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16063-21:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Forewordiv Introdu
9、ction v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references .1 3 Uncertainty of measurement2 4 Requirements for apparatus and environmental conditions3 4.1 General.3 4.2 Environmental conditions3 4.3 Reference transducer.3 4.4 Vibration generation equipment4 4.5 Voltage measuring instrumentation6 4.6 Distortion measuri
10、ng instrumentation6 4.7 Oscilloscope7 4.8 Phase shift measuring instrumentation .7 5 Calibration7 5.1 Preferred amplitudes and frequencies .7 5.2 Measurement requirements.7 5.3 Calibration procedure.8 6 Expression of results8 7 Reporting the calibration results.9 Annex A (normative) Expression of un
11、certainty of measurement in calibration 11 Annex B (normative) Definitions of amplitude sign and phase shift between mechanical motion and vibration transducer electrical output.20 Annex C (informative) Nomogram for conversion between acceleration, velocity and displacement .22 Annex D (informative)
12、 Example of uncertainty calculation24 Bibliography .29 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Qatar Petroleum/5943408001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 02:35:28 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO
13、 16063-21:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each
14、 member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Internationa
15、l Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
16、 adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
17、 patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16063-21 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration and shock, Subcommittee SC 3, Use and calibration of vibration and shock measuring instruments. This first edition of ISO
18、 16063-21 cancels and replaces ISO 5347-3:1993, which has been technically revised. ISO 16063 consists of the following parts, under the general title Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers: Part 1: Basic concepts Part 11: Primary vibration calibration by laser interferometry
19、 Part 12: Primary vibration calibration by the reciprocity method Part 13: Primary shock calibration using laser interferometry Part 21: Vibration calibration by comparison to a reference transducer Part 22: Shock calibration by comparison to an accelerometer, velocity or force transducer Copyright
20、International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Qatar Petroleum/5943408001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 02:35:28 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16063-21:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved v Introduction The
21、 ISO 16063 series of standards is concerned with methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers under both standard laboratory conditions and in the field. As such, the intended user group of this part of ISO 16063 is wide, ranging from metrologists in mechanical vibration to technic
22、ians evaluating the vibration characteristics of a machine or structure, or human exposure to vibration. The key to the application of this part of ISO 16063 is in the careful detailed specification and evaluation of measurement uncertainty, i.e. the error budget and computation of expanded uncertai
23、nty associated with the measurement of vibration. This part of ISO 16063 is particularly intended for those engaged in vibration measurements requiring traceability to primary national or international standards through a secondary, reference, working or check standard (portable calibrator intended
24、for field use) as defined in the International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology (VIM). The specifications for the instrumentation and the procedures given are intended to be used for calibration of rectilinear vibration transducers (with or without signal conditioning) to obtain th
25、e magnitude and (optionally) phase shift of the complex sensitivity at frequencies in the range of 0,4 Hz to 10 kHz. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Qatar Petroleum/5943408001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 02:35:28 MDTNo reproduct
26、ion or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Qatar Petroleum/5943408001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 02:35:28 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-
27、 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16063-21:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1 Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 21: Vibration calibration by comparison to a reference transducer 1 Scope This part of ISO 16063 describes the calibration of rectilinear vibration transduc
28、ers by comparison. Although it mainly describes calibration using direct comparison to a standard calibrated by primary methods, the methods described can be applied between other levels in the calibration hierarchy. This part of ISO 16063 specifies procedures for performing calibrations of rectilin
29、ear vibration transducers by comparison in the frequency range from 0,4 Hz to 10 kHz. It is primarily intended for those who are required to meet ISO standardized methods for the measurement of vibration under laboratory conditions, where the uncertainty of measurement is relatively small. It can al
30、so be used under field conditions, where the uncertainty of measurement may be relatively large. From knowledge of all significant sources of uncertainty affecting the calibration, the expanded uncertainty can be evaluated using the methods given in this part of ISO 16063. It also covers the assessm
31、ent of uncertainties for calibrations performed using a check standard. Comparison calibrations made in accordance with this part of ISO 16063 need to allow for the environmental conditions of the reference transducer calibration. NOTE Transducer calibrations made under extreme environmental conditi
32、ons are covered by other International Standards. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including a
33、ny amendments) applies. ISO 266, Acoustics Preferred frequencies ISO 2041:1990, Vibration and shock Vocabulary ISO 16063-1:1998, Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 1: Basic concepts ISO 16063-11:1999, Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Par
34、t 11: Primary vibration calibration by laser interferometry Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM). BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, OIML, 19931) 1) Corrected and reprinted in 1995. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with IS
35、O Licensee=Qatar Petroleum/5943408001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 02:35:28 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16063-21:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reserved 3 Uncertainty of measurement 3.1 All users of this part of ISO 16063 are expected to make uncertaint
36、y budgets according to Annex A to document their level of uncertainty (see example in Annex D). To help set up systems fulfilling different requirements two examples are given. System requirements for each are set up and the attainable uncertainty is given. Example 1 is typical for calibrations unde
37、r well-controlled laboratory conditions with the requirement to obtain a high accuracy. Example 2 is typical for calibrations where less than the highest accuracy can be accepted or where calibration conditions are such that only less narrow tolerances can be maintained. These two examples will be u
38、sed throughout this part of ISO 16063. a) Example 1 The reference transducer is calibrated by primary means and documented uncertainty. The calibration may be transferred to a working standard for practical reasons. The temperature and other conditions are kept within narrow limits during the compar
39、ison calibration as indicated in the appropriate clauses. b) Example 2 The reference transducer is not calibrated by primary means, but has a traceable calibration, as defined in VIM (see 2), with the corresponding uncertainty documented. The calibration may be transferred to a working standard for
40、practical reasons. The requirements on other parameters and instruments are indicated in the appropriate clauses. 3.2 For both examples, the minimum calibration requirement for the reference transducer is calibration under suitable reference conditions (i.e. frequency, amplitude and temperature). No
41、rmally the conditions will be chosen as indicated in ISO 16063-11. It is applicable for the following parameters: Frequency range: 20 Hz to 5 000 Hz, optionally 0,4 Hz to 10 000 Hz (see Note 1) Dynamic range: 10 m/s2 to 1 000 m/s2 r.m.s., optionally 0,1 m/s2 to 1 000 m/s2 (frequency dependent) NOTE
42、The indicated frequency ranges are not mandatory and single-point calibrations are also acceptable. At any given frequency and amplitude of acceleration, velocity or displacement, the dynamic range will be limited by the noise floor and the amount of distortion produced by the excitation apparatus (
43、if no filtering is used) or its maximum power. (Techniques are also used to counteract the inherent distortion at large displacements for spring-controlled exciters by changing the waveform of the input voltage.) Typical maximum values for electrodynamic vibration exciters designed for the frequency
44、 range from 10 Hz to 10 kHz are 200 m/s2 to 1000 m/s2 r.m.s. acceleration, 0,5 m/s to 1 m/s r.m.s. velocity and 5 mm peak displacement. The lower limits will be set by the noise in the two measurement channels, and by the bandwidth used. Typical values used for measurement are 50 m/s2 to 100 m/s2 r.
45、m.s. acceleration or 0,1 m/s r.m.s. velocity. For calibrators, values between 1 m/s2 and 10 m/s2 r.m.s. are normally used. A graph similar to the one shown in Annex C is useful when considering the ranges covered. When measurements are performed at the lowest frequencies, the limiting factor is norm
46、ally displacement. At 1 Hz, typical values for long-stroke vibrators are 1 m/s2 to 2 m/s2 r.m.s. acceleration or 0,1 m/s to 0,3 m/s r.m.s. velocity. 3.3 The attainable uncertainties (expanded uncertainties calculated using a coverage factor of 2 in accordance with ISO 16063-1) for the two examples a
47、re given in Table 1. In practice, these limits may be exceeded depending on the uncertainty with which the reference transducer has been calibrated, the response characteristics of the reference transducer and the transducer to be calibrated, the vibratory characteristics of the exciter and the inst
48、rumentation used in the measurement apparatus. It is the responsibility of the laboratory or end user to make sure that the reported values of expanded uncertainty are credible. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Qatar Petroleum/5943408001 Not for Resale, 04/12/2007 02:35:28 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 16063-21:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 3 T