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1、 Reference number ISO 10427-3:2003(E) ISO 2003 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10427-3 First edition 2003-04-01 Petroleum and natural gas industries Equipment for well cementing Part 3: Performance testing of cementing float equipment Industries du ptrole et du gaz naturel Matriel pour la cimentation des
2、 puits Partie 3: Mode opratoire des tests des quipements de cimentation des cuvelages Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 04:00:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking pe
3、rmitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 10427-3:2003(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the
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6、 the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from eit
7、her ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2003 All rights reserved Copyright Internation
8、al Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 04:00:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 10427-3:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iii Contents Page F
9、orewordiv Introduction v 1 Scope1 2 Functions of cementing float equipment1 3 Float equipment performance criteria 2 3.1 General.2 3.2 Durability under downhole conditions .2 3.3 Differential pressure capability from below.2 3.4 Ability to withstand force exerted through cementing plugs from above 2
10、 3.5 Drillability of the equipment.2 3.6 Ability to pass lost circulation materials2 3.7 Flow coefficient of the valve2 3.8 Reverse-flow resistance of casing fill-up valves.2 4 Apparatus and materials3 4.1 Flow loop3 4.2 Circulating test fluid .4 4.3 High-temperature/high-pressure test cell.5 5 Dura
11、bility test 7 5.1 Test set-up.7 5.2 Test categories7 5.3 Procedure.8 6 Static high-temperature/high-pressure test.8 6.1 Test categories8 6.2 Procedure.9 7 Test results9 Annex A (informative) Results of performance tests on cementing float equipment.10 Bibliography .11 Copyright International Organiz
12、ation for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 04:00:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 10427-3:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the Internat
13、ional Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has bee
14、n established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical stand
15、ardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for
16、 voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
17、 such patent rights. ISO 10427-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids, and well cements. This first edition cancels and replaces the first
18、 edition of ISO 18165, which has undergone an ISO number change and a minor revision. ISO 10427 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries Equipment for well cementing: Part 1: Casing bow-spring centralizers Part 2: Centralizer placement and stop-co
19、llar testing Part 3: Performance testing of cementing float equipment Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 04:00:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without
20、license from IHS -,-,- ISO 10427-3:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved v Introduction This part of ISO 10427 is based on API Recommended Practice 10F, second edition, November, 1995. Users of this part of ISO 10427 should be aware that further or differing requirements may be needed for individual
21、applications. This part of ISO 10427 is not intended to inhibit a vendor from offering, or the purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions for the individual application. This may be particularly applicable where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alt
22、ernative is offered, the vendor should identify any variations from this part of ISO 10427 and provide details. In this part of ISO 10427, where practical, U.S. Customary units are included in brackets for information. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under li
23、cense with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 04:00:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standard
24、s 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 04:00:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10427-3:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1 Petroleum and natural gas industries Equipment for well cementing Part 3: Performance testing of ceme
25、nting float equipment 1 Scope This part of ISO 10427 describes testing practices to evaluate the performance of cementing float equipment for the petroleum and natural gas industries. This part of ISO 10427 is applicable to float equipment that will be in contact with water-based fluids used for dri
26、lling and cementing wells. It is not applicable to float equipment performance in non-water-based fluids. 2 Functions of cementing float equipment The term “cementing float equipment” refers to one or more check valves incorporated into a well casing string that prevent fluid flow up the casing whil
27、e allowing fluid flow down the casing. The primary purpose of cementing float equipment is to prevent cement that has been placed in the casing/wellbore annulus from flowing up the casing (U-tubing). In some cases, such as liner cementing, float equipment may be the only practical means of preventin
28、g U-tubing. In other cases, the float equipment serves to allow the cement to set in the annulus without having to increase the pressure inside the casing to prevent U-tubing. Increased pressure in the casing while cement sets is generally undesirable because it can result in gaps (micro-annuli) in
29、the cemented annulus. Float equipment is also sometimes used for the purpose of lessening the load on the drilling rig. Since float equipment blocks fluid flow up the casing, the buoyant force acting on casing run with float equipment is greater than the buoyant force acting on casing run without fl
30、oat equipment. If either the height or the density of the fluid placed inside casing equipped with float equipment while the casing is being run is less than that of the fluid outside the casing, the suspended weight of the casing is reduced compared with what it would be without the float equipment
31、. The ability of float equipment to prevent fluid flow up the casing is also important in certain well control situations. If the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid inside the casing becomes less than the pressure of formation fluids in formations near the bottom of the casing, fluids from the well m
32、ay try to flow up the casing. In such a situation, the float equipment becomes a primary well control device. Float equipment is also sometimes used as a device to assist in pressure testing of casing. This is normally done by landing one or more cementing plugs on top of the float equipment assembl
33、y. The plugs seal the casing so that the pressure integrity of the casing may be tested. Float equipment is also used by some operators as a device to lessen the free fall of cement inside the casing. The free fall of cement is the tendency of cement to initially fall due to the density differences
34、between the cement and the fluid in the well. The float equipment lessens the free fall, to some extent, by providing a constriction in the flow path. Casing fill-up float equipment is a special type of float equipment that allows the casing to fill from the bottom as the casing is run. This is desi
35、rable, in some cases, to help reduce pressure surges as the casing is lowered. Fill-up type float equipment also helps ensure that the collapse pressure of the casing is not exceeded. Once the casing is run, the check valve mechanism of fill-up type float equipment is activated. This is normally don
36、e by either pumping a surface-released ball through the equipment or by circulating above a certain rate. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 04:00:04 MDTNo reproduct
37、ion or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 10427-3:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reserved 3 Float equipment performance criteria 3.1 General There are a number of performance criteria, listed below, that may be used to evaluate the suitability of a particular piece of float equip
38、ment for a given well. 3.2 Durability under downhole conditions Float equipment should still function after a fluid containing abrasive solids has been circulated through the equipment for a period of time. The equipment should function in various orientations and while exposed to elevated temperatu
39、res and pressures. 3.3 Differential pressure capability from below Float equipment should be capable of withstanding a differential pressure with the higher pressure being exerted from below the check valve, because the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid occupying the annulus immediately after the ce
40、ment has been placed is usually greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the corresponding column of fluid inside the casing, or while the casing is being run. 3.4 Ability to withstand force exerted through cementing plugs from above Float equipment should be able to withstand a force exerted throug
41、h cementing plugs from above. Some operators occasionally pressure-test the casing by increasing the pressure shortly after a cementing plug (top plug) used to separate the cement from the displacement fluid has landed downhole. This can cause a force to be applied to the float equipment that could
42、cause the equipment to fail. 3.5 Drillability of the equipment Float equipment should be easy to drill through, since in many cases, float equipment must be drilled out after cementing. 3.6 Ability to pass lost circulation materials Float equipment may be required to allow easy passage of lost circu
43、lation material (LCM). On occasion, the fluid that is circulated through cementing float equipment contains LCM designed to bridge on highly permeable, vugular or fractured formations to lessen the amount of fluid that is lost to the formations. Since float equipment generally provides a constricted
44、 flow area for fluid passage, there can be a tendency for the LCM to bridge on the float equipment valve and partially or totally block fluid circulation. Therefore, the ease with which the LCM can pass through the float equipment may be a performance criterion for some wells. 3.7 Flow coefficient o
45、f the valve Since float equipment provides a constriction in the flow path, there will be a pressure loss associated with circulating fluid through the float valve. If the pressure loss through the float equipment is too high, circulation rates can be limited. In some cases, however, a large pressur
46、e loss is desirable to reduce free fall of the cement. The flow coefficient of the valve provides a means of estimating the pressure loss for a given fluid density and a given rate. 3.8 Reverse-flow resistance of casing fill-up valves One of the functions of casing fill-up float equipment is to redu
47、ce pressure surges as the casing is run by allowing flow into the casing from the bottom. Therefore, the resistance of the valve to reverse flow is indicative of the relative performance of the valve in reducing surge pressure. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS
48、 under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 04:00:04 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 10427-3:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 3 4 Apparatus and materials 4.1 Flow loop 4.1.1 General Figure 1 shows a diagram of one possible configuration of a flow loop for durability testing. Other configurations are possible. The major components of the loop are the mud tank, the piping network