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1、 Reference number ISO 12215-5:2008(E) ISO 2008 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12215-5 First edition 2008-04-15 Small craft Hull construction and scantlings Part 5: Design pressures for monohulls, design stresses, scantlings determination Petits navires Construction de la coque et chantillonnage Partie 5
2、: Pressions de conception pour monocoques, contraintes de conception, dtermination de lchantillonnage ISO 12215-5:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typ
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7、b www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reserved ISO 12215-5:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword. v Introduction. vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Symbols. 4 5 General. 6 6 Dimensions, data and areas 7 6.1 Dimensi
8、ons and data 7 6.2 Areas 7 7 Pressure adjusting factors 9 7.1 General. 9 7.2 Design category factor kDC 9 7.3 Dynamic load factor nCG 9 7.4 Longitudinal pressure distribution factor kL 10 7.5 Area pressure reduction factor kAR. 11 7.6 Hull side pressure reduction factor kZ 12 7.7 Superstructure and
9、deckhouse pressure reduction factor kSUP. 13 7.8 Light and stable sailing craft pressure correcting factor for slamming kSLS. 13 8 Design pressures 14 8.1 Motor craft design pressure 14 8.2 Sailing craft design pressure 16 8.3 Watertight bulkheads and integral tank boundaries design pressure 16 8.4
10、Design pressures for structural components where kAR would be u 0,25. 18 9 Dimensions of panels and stiffeners 19 9.1 Dimensions of plating panels 19 9.2 Dimensions of stiffeners 23 10 Plating Scantling equations 25 10.1 Thickness adjustment factors for plating 25 10.2 FRP single-skin plating 28 10.
11、3 Metal plating Aluminium alloy and steel 29 10.4 Laminated wood or plywood single-skin plating 30 10.5 FRP sandwich plating. 31 10.6 Single-skin plating minimum thickness. 35 11 Stiffening members requirements 36 11.1 General. 36 11.2 Properties adjustment factors for stiffeners 37 11.3 Design stre
12、sses for stiffeners . 37 11.4 Requirements for stiffeners made with similar materials. 38 11.5 Requirements for stiffeners made with dissimilar materials . 39 11.6 Effective plating 40 11.7 Overall dimensions of stiffeners. 41 11.8 Structural bulkheads 43 11.9 Structural support for sailing craft ba
13、llast keel. 44 -,-,- ISO 12215-5:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reserved 12 Owners manual.44 12.1 General.44 12.2 Normal mode of operation .44 12.3 Possibility of outer skin damage.44 Annex A (normative) Simplified method for scantling determination 45 Annex B (normative) Drop test for boats of 0,07
14、(mLDC )2/3 where AS is the total profile area of all sails that may be set at one time when sailing close hauled, as defined in ISO 8666 and expressed in square metres NOTE In the rest of this part of ISO 12215, non-sailing craft are considered as motor craft. 3.4 second moment of area I for a homog
15、eneous material, it is the sum of the component areas multiplied by the square of the distance from centre of area of each component area to the neutral axis, plus the second moment of area of each component area about an axis passing through its own centroid, and is expressed in centimetres to the
16、fourth or millimetres to the fourth NOTE The second moment of area is also referred to in other documentation as the moment of inertia and for brevity as “second moment” within this part of ISO 12215. 3.5 section modulus SM for a homogeneous material, it is the second moment of area divided by the d
17、istance to any point from the neutral axis at which the stress is to be calculated and is expressed in cubic centimetres or cubic millimetres NOTE The minimum section modulus is calculated to the furthest point from the neutral axis. 3.6 displacement craft craft whose maximum speed in flat water and
18、 mLDC conditions, declared by its manufacturer, is such that WL 5 V L 30, in degrees, V, for motor craft, the maximum speed in calm water declared by the manufacturer, with the craft in mLDC conditions. This speed shall not be taken as 3,0, that value or the value from Equation (2) shall be used. CG
19、 0,17 LDC 0,5 V n m = (2) In any case, nCG need not be taken 7. NOTE 2 The limitation on nCG in this paragraph is due to the limitation of speed by the crew to keep the slamming accelerations within acceptable comfort and safety limits. The crew of “super sports” or racing boats accept a harder ride
20、 than a family cruiser, but need special body support, shock damping seats or equipment to prevent injury from high gs. 7.3.3 Dynamic load factor nCG for sailing craft and displacement motor craft For sailing craft, nCG is not used for pressure determination. It is only used in the calculation of kL
21、 for which purpose the value of nCG shall be taken as 3. For motor craft where nCG, determined using Equation (1), is 1 for WL 0,6 x L u (3) L 1k= for WL 0,6 x L where nCG is determined in accordance with 7.3, but for the purposes of determination of kL, nCG shall not be taken 6; WL x L is the posit
22、ion of the centre of the panel or middle of stiffener analysed proportional to LWL, where WL x L = 0 and 1 are respectively the aft end and fore end of LWL. where x is the longitudinal position of the centre of the panel or middle of stiffener forward of aft end of LWL in mLDC conditions, in metres.
23、 The overhangs fore and aft shall have the same value of kL as their respective end of the waterline. -,-,- ISO 12215-5:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 11 NOTE In the graph the only represented intermediate value of nCG between 3 and 6 is 4,5; for other intermediate values, kL shall be determin
24、ed either by calculation according to Equation (3) or by interpolation in the graph. Figure 3 Longitudinal pressure distribution factor kL 7.5 Area pressure reduction factor kAR 7.5.1 General The area pressure reduction factor kAR takes into account the variation of pressure loads due to panel or st
25、iffener size. 0,15 RLDC AR 0,3 D 0,1km k A = (4) where kR is the structural component and boat type factor: kR = 1,0 for bottom side and deck panels and stiffeners of planing motor craft operating in planing mode; kR = 1,5 3 104 b for bottom side and deck panels of sailing craft, displacement motor
26、craft and planing motor craft operating in displacement mode; 4 Ru 12 10kl = for bottom side and deck stiffeners of sailing craft, displacement motor craft and planing motor craft operating in displacement mode; mLDC is the loaded displacement mass defined in 3.2, in kilograms; ISO 12215-5:2008(E) 1
27、2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved AD is the design area, in square metres: () 6 D 10Alb = for plating, but shall not be taken 26 2,510b ; () 6 Du 10Als = for stiffeners but need not be taken 1. 7.5.3 Minimum values of kAR kAR shall not be taken at less than the values given in Table 3. Table 3 Minimum
28、values of kAR Side and bottom sandwich panels a Design category Side and bottom single-skin panels and stiffeners Deck and superstructures sandwich and single-skin panels and stiffeners WL 0,4 x L u WL 0,40,6 x L 800 mm above deck and upper tiers 0,35 Walking area Upper tiers a Minimum deck pressure
29、 5 kN/m3 Non-walking area a Elements not exposed to weather shall be considered as upper tiers. 7.8 Light and stable sailing craft pressure correcting factor for slamming kSLS The light and stable sailing craft pressure correcting factor kSLS takes into account higher slamming pressures encountered
30、on light and stable sailing craft when sailing upwind (i.e at an angle of up to 90 off true wind). It is defined below. In design category C and D: kSLS = 1 In design category A and B: kSLS = 1 if 3 WL LDC 5mL 0,5 0,5 MAX60WL SLS 0,33 LDC 10 GZL k m 60, with all stability- increasing devices such as
31、 canting keels or water ballast at their most effective position, in fully loaded condition, measured in metres. If the maximum righting lever occurs at a heel angle 60, the value at 60 shall be taken. The crew shall be considered in upwind hiking position in the calculation of the above GZMAX 60. -
32、,-,- ISO 12215-5:2008(E) 14 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 8 Design pressures 8.1 Motor craft design pressure 8.1.1 General The bottom pressure of motorcraft shall be the greater of (see NOTE 1) the displacement mode bottom pressure PBMD defined in 8.1.2 or the planing mode bottom pressure PBMP define
33、d in 8.1.3. For motorcraft of design categories A and B, the side pressure shall be the greater of (see NOTE 3) the displacement mode side pressure PSMD defined in 8.1.4 or the planing mode side pressure PSMP defined in 8.1.5. For motorcraft of design categories C and D, the side pressure shall be t
34、he one corresponding to planing or displacement mode: the “mode” to consider is the one where the bottom pressure, planing or displacement is the greater (see NOTE 4). NOTE 1 The reason behind this double requirement is that, in rough seas, craft that usually plane in flat water must progress at a s
35、lower speed in the same manner as a displacement craft. NOTE 2 Craft well into the planing mode, WL 5 , V L W will usually experience PBMP values higher than PBMD. NOTE 3 In planing mode, the side pressure may be smaller than in displacement mode as, in the former case, the side pressure is interpol
36、ated between 0,25 PBMP and deck pressure, whereas, in the latter case, the side pressure is interpolated between bottom pressure and deck pressure. NOTE 4 In design category D there is little risk on having to slow down because of rough sea, and this risk is limited in category C. 8.1.2 Motor craft
37、bottom pressure in displacement mode PBMD The bottom design pressure for motor craft in displacement mode PBMD is the greater of BMDBMD BASEARDCL PPkkk= kN/m2 or (7) () 0,33 BMMINLDCWLDC 0,450,9PmLk=+ kN/m2 (8) where 0,33 BMD BASELDC 2,420Pm=+ kN/m2 (9) 8.1.3 Motor craft bottom pressure in planing m
38、ode PBMP The bottom design pressure for planing motor craft PBMP is the greater of BMPBMP BASEARL PPkk= kN/m2 or (10) () 0,33 BMMINLDCWLDC 0,450,9PmLk=+ kN/m2 same as Equation (8) -,-,- ISO 12215-5:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 15 where () 0,5LDC BMP BASEDCCG WLC 0,1 1 m Pkn LB =+ is the base
39、 bottom pressure for motorcraft, in planing mode, in kilonewtons per square metre (11) NOTE The index of 0,5 on kDC is there to reflect that, although some design category effect is present, this effect is attenuated in the planing mode. The reason is that peak planing pressure is mainly experienced
40、 in category C conditions and hence the difference between design categories is less marked than in the displacement mode. 8.1.4 Motor craft side pressure in displacement mode PSMD The side design pressure for motor craft in displacement mode PSMD is the greater of () SMDDMBASEZBMDBASEDMBASEARDCL PP
41、kPPkkk =+ kN/m2 or (12) SMMINWLDC 0,9PLk= kN/m2 (13) For decked boats, those parts of the side above hull-deck limit (e.g. bulwark) shall be assessed using PSM MIN. 8.1.5 Motor craft side pressure in planing mode PSMP For side areas located at or above waterline, the side design pressure PSMP for mo
42、tor craft in planing mode is the greater of () SMPDMBASEZBMP BASEDMBASEARDCL 0,25PPkPPkkk =+ kN/m2 or (14) SMMINWLDC 0,9PLk= kN/m2 same as Equation (13) For decked boats, those parts of the side above hull-deck limit (e.g. bulwark) shall be assessed using PSM MIN. 8.1.6 Motor craft deck pressure PDM
43、 The design pressure PDM for the motor craft weather deck is the greater of DMDMBASEARDCL PPkkk=kN/m2 or (15) DMMIN 5P= kN/m2 (16) where DMBASEWL 0,3514,6PL=+ kN/m2 (17) 8.1.7 Motor craft pressure for superstructures and deckhouses PSUP M The design pressure PSUP M for superstructures and deckhouses
44、 exposed to weather of motor craft is proportional to the deck pressure, but not to be taken less than PDM MIN in walking areas: SUP MDMBASEDCARSUP PPkkk= kN/m2 (18) ISO 12215-5:2008(E) 16 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 8.2 Sailing craft design pressure 8.2.1 Sailing craft bottom pressure The bottom d
45、esign pressure PBS for sailing craft is the greater of BSBS BASEARDCL PPkkk= kN/m2 or (19) 0,33 BS MINLDCWLDC 0,351,4PmLk=+ kN/m2 (20) where () 0,33 BS BASELDCSLS 218Pmk=+ kN/m2 (21) 8.2.2 Sailing craft side pressure PSS The side pressure for sailing craft PSS is the greater of () SSDS BASEZBS BASED
46、S BASEARDCL (PPkPPkkk =+ kN/m2 or (22) SS MINWLDC 1,4PLk= but shall not be taken 330 LH, in millimetres. -,-,- ISO 12215-5:2008(E) 20 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 9.1.3 Non-rectangular panels Non-rectangular panels shall be assessed using equivalent rectangular panels with dimensions b l, or s lu. T
47、hese equivalent rectangular panels shall be assessed on the basis of equal area to the actual panel. Figure 8 gives examples (hatched) of equivalent rectangular panels for a trapeze or a triangle. a) Bulkhead and transversal top-hat stiffeners b) L-shaped stiffeners in metallic construction c) Conti
48、nuous stringer between top-hat frames and a bulkhead. l1 and l2 are the unsupported lengths of the panels between stringers. lu1 and lu2 are the lengths of the stringer Key 1 stringer 2 top-hat frame 3 bulkhead Figure 7 Examples of b, s, l and lu measurements ISO 12215-5:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 21 Figure 8 Examples of equivalent rectangular panels with a trapeze or a triangle 9.1.4 Large panel assessment when there are no or few stiffeners 9