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1、 Reference number ISO 20815:2008(E) ISO 2008 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20815 First edition 2008-06-01 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries Production assurance and reliability management Industries du ptrole, de la ptrochimie et du gaz naturel Assurance de la production et management
2、 de la fiabilit Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 05:22:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 20815:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file m
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5、ion parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 200
6、8 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the coun
7、try of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under li
8、cense with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 05:22:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 20815:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms, defini
9、tions and abbreviated terms . 2 3.1 Terms and definitions. 2 3.2 Abbreviations 7 4 Production assurance and decision support 8 4.1 Framework conditions 8 4.2 Optimization process . 9 4.3 Production-assurance programme. 11 4.4 Alternative standards. 15 5 Production-assurance processes and activities.
10、 15 Annex A (informative) Contents of production-assurance programme (PAP) 17 Annex B (informative) Core production-assurance processes and activities. 19 Annex C (informative) Interacting production-assurance processes and activities. 26 Annex D (informative) Production-performance analyses. 30 Ann
11、ex E (informative) Reliability and production-performance data . 34 Annex F (informative) Performance objectives and requirements . 36 Annex G (informative) Performance measures for production availability 38 Annex H (informative) Catastrophic events. 47 Annex I (informative) Outline of techniques 4
12、9 Bibliography. 64 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 05:22:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 20815:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights rese
13、rved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for whic
14、h a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all ma
15、tters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circ
16、ulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held respons
17、ible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 20815 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license wi
18、th ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 05:22:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 20815:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved v Introduction The petroleum and natural gas industries involve large capital investment costs as well as
19、operational expenditures. The profitability of these industries is dependent upon the reliability, availability and maintainability of the systems and components that are used. Therefore, for optimal production availability in the oil and gas business, a standardized, integrated reliability approach
20、 is required. The concept of production assurance, introduced in this International Standard, enables a common understanding with respect to use of reliability technology in the various life-cycle phases and covers the activities implemented to achieve and maintain a performance level that is at its
21、 optimum in terms of the overall economy and, at the same time, consistent with applicable regulatory and framework conditions. Annexes A through I are for information only. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001
22、Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 05:22:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 05:22:12 MDTNo reproduction or networ
23、king permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20815:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries Production assurance and reliability management 1 Scope This International Standard introduces the concept of production assurance
24、 within the systems and operations associated with exploration drilling, exploitation, processing and transport of petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas resources. This International Standard covers upstream (including subsea), midstream and downstream facilities and activities. It focuses on pro
25、duction assurance of oil and gas production, processing and associated activities and covers the analysis of reliability and maintenance of the components. It provides processes and activities, requirements and guidelines for systematic management, effective planning, execution and use of production
26、 assurance and reliability technology. This is to achieve cost- effective solutions over the life cycle of an asset-development project structured around the following main elements: production-assurance management for optimum economy of the facility through all of its life-cycle phases, while also
27、considering constraints arising from health, safety, environment, quality and human factors; planning, execution and implementation of reliability technology; application of reliability and maintenance data; reliability-based design and operation improvement. For standards on equipment reliability a
28、nd maintenance performance in general, see the IEC 60300-3 series. This International Standard designates 12 processes, of which seven are defined as core production- assurance processes and addressed in this International Standard. The remaining five processes are denoted as interacting processes a
29、nd are outside the scope of this International Standard. The interaction of the core production-assurance processes with these interacting processes, however, is within the scope of this International Standard as the information flow to and from these latter processes is required to ensure that prod
30、uction-assurance requirements can be fulfilled. This International Standard recommends that the listed processes and activities be initiated only if they can be considered to add value. The only requirements mandated by this International Standard are the establishment and execution of the productio
31、n-assurance programme (PAP). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applie
32、s. ISO 14224:2006, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 05
33、:22:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 20815:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 availability abili
34、ty of an item to be in a state to perform a required function under given conditions at a given instant of time, or in average over a given time interval, assuming that the required external resources are provided See Figure G.1 for further information. 3.1.2 common cause failure failures of differe
35、nt items resulting from the same direct cause, occurring within a relatively short time, where these failures are not consequences of each other 3.1.3 corrective maintenance maintenance that is carried out after a fault recognition and intended to put an item into a state in which it can perform a r
36、equired function See IEC 60050-191:1990, Figure 191-10 2, for more specific information. 3.1.4 deliverability ratio of deliveries to planned deliveries over a specified period of time, when the effect of compensating elements, such as substitution from other producers and downstream buffer storage,
37、is included See Figure G.1 for further information. 3.1.5 design life planned usage time for the total system NOTE Design life should not be confused with MTTF (3.1.25), which is comprised of several items that may be allowed to fail within the design life of the system as long as repair or replacem
38、ent is feasible. 3.1.6 down state internal disabled state of an item characterized either by a fault or by a possible inability to perform a required function during preventive maintenance 2 NOTE This state is related to availability performance. 3.1.7 downtime time interval during which an item is
39、in a non-working state 2 NOTE The downtime includes all the delays between the item failure and the restoration of its service. Downtime can be either planned or unplanned. 3.1.8 downstream business process, most commonly in the petroleum industry, associated with post-production activities EXAMPLES
40、 Refining, transportation and marketing of petroleum products. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 05:22:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- I
41、SO 20815:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3 3.1.9 failure termination of the ability of an item to perform a required function NOTE 1 After failure, the item has a fault. NOTE 2 “Failure” is an event, as distinguished from “fault”, which is a state. 3.1.10 failure cause root cause circumstances
42、during design, manufacture or use that have led to a failure 2 NOTE Generic failure cause codes applicable for equipment failures are defined in ISO 14224:2006, B.2.3. 3.1.11 failure data data characterizing the occurrence of a failure event 3.1.12 failure mode effect by which a failure is observed
43、on the failed item NOTE Failure-mode codes are defined for some equipment classes in ISO 14224:2006, B.2.6. 3.1.13 failure rate limit, if this exists, of the ratio of the conditional probability that the instant of time, T, of a failure of an item falls within a given time interval, (t + t) and the
44、length of this interval, t, when t tends to zero, given that the item is in an up state at the beginning of the time interval See ISO 14224:2006, Clause C.3 for further explanation of the failure rate. NOTE 1 In this definition, t may also denote the time to failure or the time to first failure. NOT
45、E 2 A practical interpretation of failure rate is the number of failures relative to the corresponding operational time. In some cases, time can be replaced by units of use. In most cases, the reciprocal of MTTF (3.1.25) can be used as the predictor for the failure rate, i.e. the average number of f
46、ailures per unit of time in the long run if the units are replaced by an identical unit at failure. NOTE 3 The failure rate can be based on operational time or calendar time. 3.1.14 fault state of an item characterized by inability to perform a required function, excluding the inability during preve
47、ntive maintenance or other planned actions, or due to lack of external resources 2 NOTE A fault is often a result of a failure of the item itself but the state can exist without a failure. 3.1.15 fault tolerance attribute of an item that makes it able to perform a required function in the presence o
48、f certain given sub-item faults 2 3.1.16 item any part, component, device, subsystem, functional unit, equipment or system that can be individually considered 2 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 07/25/2008 05:22:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 20815:2008(E) 4 I