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1、 Reference number ISO 24497-3:2007(E) ISO 2007 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 24497-3 First edition 2007-11-01 Non-destructive testing Metal magnetic memory Part 3: Inspection of welded joints Essais non destructifs Mmoire magntique des mtaux Partie 3: Examen des assemblages souds Copyright Internationa
2、l Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/17/2007 18:11:58 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 24497-3:2007(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embe
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5、were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2007 All rights re
6、served. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requ
7、ester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO
8、Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/17/2007 18:11:58 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 24497-3:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Basic principles 1 3 Inspection conditions. 2
9、4 Inspection devices 2 5 Inspection planning 3 6 Inspection procedure . 4 7 Processing of results . 5 Annex A (normative) Inspection report 7 Annex B (informative) Example of stress concentration zones defined by a device with digital indication of the magnetic field intensity. 9 Annex C (informativ
10、e) An example of stress concentration zones defined by the device having recorder and scanner. 11 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/17/2007 18:11:58 MSTNo reproduction
11、or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 24497-3:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is no
12、rmally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
13、 the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepa
14、re International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that so
15、me of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 24497-3 was prepared by the International Institute of Welding, Commission V, Quality control and quality assurance of welded products, recogn
16、ized as an international standardizing body in the field of welding in accordance with Council Resolution 42/1999. Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this part of ISO 24497 should be directed to the ISO Central Secretariat, who will forward them to the IIW Secretariat for an offi
17、cial response. ISO 24497 consists of the following parts, under the general title Non-destructive testing Metal magnetic memory: Part 1: Vocabulary Part 2: General requirements Part 3: Inspection of welded joints Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license
18、with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/17/2007 18:11:58 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 24497-3:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Non-destructive testing Metal magnetic memory Part 3: In
19、spection of welded joints 1 Scope This part of ISO 24497 specifies the general requirements for the application of the metal magnetic memory inspection method (MMM inspection) as a non-destructive testing method for quality assurance of welded joints of pressurized components. This part of ISO 24497
20、 may be applied to welded joints in any type of products, pipelines, vessels, equipment, and metal constructions, as agreed with the purchaser. The terms and definitions for the process are contained in ISO 24497-1, and the general requirements of the process are in ISO 24497-2. 2 Basic principles 2
21、.1 inspection is based on measurement and analysis of the distribution of self-magnetic-leakage fields (SMLF) in the material of welded joints reflecting their technological history. Natural magnetization, induced during the welding process in the Earths magnetic field, is used for the inspection. 2
22、.2 inspection permits the detection of mechanical stress concentration zones (SCZ) and gives recommendations for additional non-destructive inspections in critical zones of vessels, pipelines, equipment, and construction welded joints. 2.3 inspection is complementary in its capability to other well-
23、known non-destructive testing methods (ultrasonic inspection, magnetic particle inspection, liquid penetrant inspection, and hardness testing). 2.4 inspection allows the testing of welded joints of any size and configuration (butt, tee, fillet, lap, edge, intermittent, etc.) regardless of weld mater
24、ial thickness on all types of ferromagnetic and austenitic steels and alloys, as well as on cast irons. 2.5 inspection may be carried out on the original weld after construction, during operation, or after repair. 2.6 The following conditions can be found during MMM inspection: residual stress conce
25、ntration zones caused by welding, and their distribution along the welded joint; zones of probable location of all types of micro- and macro-defects (pores, slag inclusions, discontinuities, cracks, ruptures). Defect classification by magnetic parameters is carried out following special testing tech
26、niques for a specific welded joint. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/17/2007 18:11:58 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 244
27、97-3:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved 2.7 MMM inspection can be used for inspection of the following: the degree of quality degradation of welds by defects, and presence of developing defects; the quality of welded joints at time of certification, choice, and optimization of welding technology
28、. 2.8 The MMM inspection temperature range is from 20 C to +60 , limited only by the conditions of the operators and inspection tools normal operation. 2.9 Following MMM inspection, conventional non-destructive testing methods are applied in detected zones of maximal stress concentration and probabl
29、e location of micro- and macro-defects. 3 Inspection conditions 3.1 Structures and components as inspection objects (IO) may be inspected using MMM both while operating under load and after releasing the working load. 3.2 No special surface preparation is required. It is recommended to remove insula
30、tion. In individual cases non-magnetic insulation is allowed during inspection. The maximum permissible insulation layer thickness shall be determined experimentally. 3.3 The permissible range of material thickness is defined by the descriptions of the techniques for specific inspection applications
31、. 3.4 The limiting factors for MMM application are the following: the presence of artificial material magnetization; the presence of a foreign ferromagnetic product near the IO; the presence of an external magnetic field or an electric welding current flow closer than 1 m to the IO. 3.5 Acoustic noi
32、se or mechanical vibrations close to and at the IO do not influence the inspection results. 4 Inspection devices 4.1 For inspection of equipment using the MMM, specialized magnetometric devices are used. The standard procedure for the definition of stress concentration zones (SCZ) is described in th
33、e manual of the devices. 4.2 The principle of the operation of the specified devices is based on the registration of induced electrical voltage impulses in the flux-gate sensor coil, when this sensor is placed in the self-magnetic-leakage field (SMLF) in the near-surface area of the IO. Flux-gate se
34、nsors or other types, such as field meters or gradiometers, may be used as SMLF intensity measuring sensors. 4.3 The devices shall have a display for the graphic documentation of the used inspection parameters, a recording device with a microprocessor, a memory unit, and scanning devices realized by
35、 specialized sensors. The device shall be able to transfer the information to the computer, in order to produce inspection reports. The software for the processing of computerized inspection results should be provided with the device. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided
36、 by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/17/2007 18:11:58 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 24497-3:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 4.4 The specialized sensors shall be provided with the de
37、vice. The individual sensor type to use is defined by the MMM technique and the requirements of the IO. The sensor should have not less than two channels: the measuring channel and a channel for the registration of the Earths external magnetic field. With the sensors, an electronic module for the am
38、plification of the measured field and a sensor for measuring the inspected scan path length shall be supplied. 4.5 The admissible error of magnetic field intensity measurements is defined in the description of the individual techniques depending on the IO. 4.6 The devices shall have the following me
39、trological characteristics: The relative error of the measured magnetic field for each measurement channel should not exceed 5 %. The relative error of the measured scan path length should not exceed 5 %. The measurement range of the devices should be not less 1 000 A/m. The minimal scanning step (d
40、istance between two adjacent scanning points of the inspection) is 1 mm. The level of electronic noise caused by the processor and the microelectronic devices should not exceed 5 A/m. 4.7 The device shall have the possibility to define logfiles according to the user manual. 5 Inspection planning 5.1
41、 Inspection planning includes the following basic stages: the analysis of the technical documentation of the object to be inspected and preparation of a checklist for the inspection; the adjustment and calibration of the devices and sensors, following the instructions given in the user manual; the s
42、election of the individual sensors and the type of the inspection device; the segmentation of the IO into separate inspection areas and inspection units, according to the design features of the component and their documentation in an inspection logfile. 5.2 The technical documentation for the IO sha
43、ll include the following: a description of the steel grade; a description of the operation modes of the objects and failure modes; a description of the design features of the component and the locations of welded joints. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under
44、license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 12/17/2007 18:11:58 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 24497-3:2007(E) 4 ISO 2007 All rights reserved 6 Inspection procedure 6.1 Inspection of welded joints using a device w
45、ith a digital indication of the magnetic field intensity The sequence of scanning by the sensor of the device for the evaluation of several types of welded joints is shown in Figure 1. Dimensions in millimetres a) Moving the sensor along the welded joint b) Moving the sensor perpendicular to the wel
46、ded joint Key 1, 2, 3 inspection zones WM weld material HAZ heat-affected zone of welded joint PM parent metal Figure 1 Scanning sequence by the sensor for the evaluation of several types of welded joints according to the residual magnetization of the material The flux-gate sensor is placed perpendi
47、cular to the inspection surface and is moved by the operator manually and sequentially along the entire perimeter of a weld (separately along a weld material and along the heat-affected zones on both sides of the weld) and then perpendicular to the weld, with a distance from the edge of the weld of
48、30 mm to 50 mm on both sides of the parent material of a pipe. The second operator records the inspection data in a logbook: magnetic field intensity (Hp, A/m) with plus or minus amplitudes. The discontinuous change of the sign and value of the Hp field indicates the concentration of residual stresses along the Hp = 0 line for a specific segment of the welded joint. These segments have to be marked by chalk or paint. Copyright International Organization for