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1、2382 PT*3 93 4844893 0546337 239 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME I NT E R NAT I O NA L E ISOIEC 2382-1 Third edition Troisime dition 1993-11-15 Information technology - Vocabulary - Part 1: Fundamental terms Technologies de linformation - Vocabulaire - Partie 1: Termes fondamentaux Reference number Num
2、ro de rfrence ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 (E/F) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/11/2007 06:07:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2382 PT*L 93 m 4844893 0
3、546338 375 m ISOIIEC 2382-1 : I993 (EIF) Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction vi Section 1: General 1 .I Scope 1 I .2 Normative references . 1 1.3 Principles and rules 2 .3.1 Definition of an entry . 2 .3.2 Organization of an entry . 2 .3.3 Classification of entries . 3 .3.4 Selection of terms and
4、 wording of definitions. 3 1.3.5 Multiple meanings 3 1.3.6 Abbreviations . . 3 1.3.7 Use of parentheses . 3 1.3.8 Use of brackets . 4 1.3.9 Use of terms printed in italic typeface in definitions and the use of an asterisk 1.3.10 Spelling . 1.3.11 Organization of the alphabetical index Section 2: Ter
5、ms and definitions O 1 Fundamental terms 01.01 General terms . O 1 .O2 Information Representation 01.03 Hardware . 01.04 Software. 01.05 Programming . . 01.06 Applications and En 01.08 Data Management . Figure 1 . . O 1 .O7 Computer Security. Alphabetical indexes English French 4 4 5 6 6 13 14 18 19
6、 20 23 24 25 27 30 OISOAEC g ISO/IEC 1993 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisherJDroits de reproduction rservs. Aucune
7、 partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans laccord crit de lditeur. ISO/IEC Copyright Office Case Postale 56 CH-I211 Genve20 Switzerland Printed in Switzerl
8、and/lmprim en Suisse Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/11/2007 06:07:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2382 PT*1 33 9 4844831 054b313 O01 OISOllEC
9、 Sommaire ISOIIEC 2382-1 : 1993 (EIF) Page Avant-propos Introduction Section 1 : Gnralits 1.2 Rfrences normatives . 1.3 Principes dtablissement et 1.1 Domaine dapplication . rgles suivies 1.3.1 Dfinition de larticle 1.3.2 Constitution dun arti 1.3.3 Classification des articles 1.3.4 1.3.5 1.3.6 Abrv
10、iations . 1.3.7 Emploi des parenthses 1.3.8 Emploi des crochets 1.3.9 italiques et de lastrisque 1.3.10 Mode dcriture et orthographe . 1.3.1 1 Constitution de lindex alphabtique . Choix des termes et des dfinitions Pluralit de sens ou polysmie Emploi dans les dfinitions de termes imprims en caracter
11、es Section 2: Termes et dfinitions O 1 Termes fondamentaux . 01.01 Termes gnraux O1 . 02 Reprsentation de linformation . 01.03 Matriel . 01.04 Logiciel . 01.05 Programmation 01.06 Applications et utilisateur final . O 1 . 07 Scurit informatique 01.08 Gestion des donnes . Figure 1 . . Index alphabtiq
12、ues Anglais Franais V vi 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 6 13 14 18 19 20 23 24 26 27 30 iii Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/11/2007 06:07:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted with
13、out license from IHS -,-,- 2382 PTJL 93 m 4844891 O546320 823 m ISOIIEC 2382-1 : 1993 (EIF) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the international Electrotechnical Commission) together form a system for worldwide standardization as a whole. National bodies that
14、are members of IS0 and IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organizations to deal with particular fields of technical activity. IS0 and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other interna
15、tional organizations, governmental and nongovernmental, in liaison with IS0 and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, IS0 and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are
16、 circulated to national bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards. They are approved in accordance with procedures requiring at least 75% approval by the national bodies voting. International Standard ISOAEC 2382-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISOIIEC JTC 1,
17、 Information technology, Subcommittee SC 1, Vocabulary. ISOAEC 2382 will consist of some 30 parts, under the general title Information technology - Vocabulary. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (IS0 2382-1:1984), of which it constitutes a technical revision. iv OISOll EC Cop
18、yright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/11/2007 06:07:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- OISOllEC 2382 PT*L 93 4844893 O546323 b T ISOIIEC 2382-1 : 1993 (EI
19、F) Avant-propos LISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) et la CE1 (Commission lectro- technique internationale) forment ensemble un systme consacr a la normalisation internationale considre comme un tout. Les organismes nationaux membres de IISO ou de la CE1 participent au dveloppement d
20、e Normes internationales par lintermdiaire des comits techniques cres par lorganisation concerne afin de soccuper des diffrents domaines particuliers de lactivit technique. Les comits techniques de llS0 et de la CE1 collaborent dans des domaines dintrt commun. Dautres organisations internationales,
21、gouvernementales ou non gouvernementa-les, en liaison avec IISO et la CE1 participent galement aux travaux. Dans le domaine des technologies de linformation, IISO et la CE1 ont cr un comit technique mixte, IISO/CEI JTC I. Les projets de Normes internationales adopts par le comit technique mixte sont
22、 soumis aux organismes nationaux pour approbation, avant leur acceptation comme Normes internationales. Les Normes internationales sont approuves conformment aux procdures qui requirent lapprobation de 75% au moins des organismes nationaux votants. La Norme internationale ISO/CEI 2382-1 a t labore p
23、ar le comit technique mixte ISOICEI JTC I, Technologies de linformation, sous-comit SC I, Vocabulaire. LISOICEI 2382 comprendra une trentaine de parties, prsentes sous le titre gnral Technologies de linformation - Vocabulaire. Cette troisime dition annule et remplace la deuxime dition (IS0 2382-1 :1
24、984), dont elle constitue une rvision technique. V Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/11/2007 06:07:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2382 PT*L 93
25、I 4844893 054b322 bTb I ISOIIEC 2382-1 : 1993 (EIF) I n t rod uct ion Information technology gives rise to numerous international exchanges of both an intellectual and a material nature. These exchanges often become difficult, either because of the great variety of terms used in various fields or la
26、nguages to express the same concept, or because of the absence or imprecision of the definitions of useful concepts. To avoid misunderstandings and to facilitate such exchanges it is essential to clarify the concepts, to select terms to be used in various languages or in various countries to express
27、 the same concept, and to establish definitions providing satisfactory equivalents for the various terms in different languages. IS0 2382 was initially based mainly on the usage to be found in the Vocabulary of Information Processing which was established and published by the International Federatio
28、n for Information Processing and the International Computation Centre, and in the American National Dictionary for Information Processing Systems and its earlier editions published by the American National Standards Institute (formerly known as the American Standards Association). Published and Draf
29、t International Standards relating to information technology of other international organizations (such as the International Telecommunication Union and the International Electrotechnical Commission) as well as published and draft national standards have also been considered. The purpose of ISOAEC 2
30、382 is to provide definitions that are rigorous, uncomplicated and which can be understood by all concerned. The scope of each concept defined has been chosen to provide a definition that is suitable for general application. In those circumstances where a restricted application is concerned, the def
31、inition may need to be more specific. However, while it is possible to maintain the self-consistency of individual paris, the reader is warned that the dynamics of language and the problems associated with the standardization and maintenance of vocabularies may introduce duplications and inconsisten
32、cies among paris. vi OISOAEC I Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/11/2007 06:07:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2382 PT*L 93 E 4844893 0546323 53
33、2 E O 1 Soll EC ISOIIEC 2382-1 : 1993 (EIF) Introduction Le traitement de Iinformation est lorigine de multiples changes intellectuels et matriels sur le plan international. Ceux-ci souffrent souvent de difficults provoques par la diversit des termes utiliss pour exprimer la mme notion dans des lang
34、ues ou des domaines diffrents, ou encore de labsence ou de limprcision des dfinitions pour les notions les plus utiles. Pour viter des malentendus et faciliter de tels changes, il parat essentiel de prciser les notions, de choisir les termes employer dans les diffrentes langues et dans les divers pa
35、ys pour exprimer la mme notion, et dtablir pour ces termes des dfinitions quivalentes dans chaque langue. LISO 2382 a t base lorigine principalement sur lusage tel quil a t relev, dune part, dans le VocabuIafy of Information Processing tabli et publi par lInternational Federation for Information Pro
36、cessing et le Centre International de Calcul et, dautre part, dans IAmerican National Dictionary for Information Processing systems y compris ses ditions prcdentes publies par IAmerican National Standards Institute (connu auparavant sous lappellation dAmerican Standards Association). Les Normes inte
37、rnationales publies ou au stade de projets concernant le traitement de linformation manant dautres organisations internationales (telles que lUnion internationale des tlcommunications et la Commission lectrotechnique internationale) ainsi que les normes nationales publies ou au stade de projets, ont
38、 galement t prises en compte. Le but de IISO/CEI 2382 est de procurer des dfinitions rigoureuses, simples et comprhensibles pour tous les intresss. La porte de chaque notion a t choisie de faon que sa dfinition puisse avoir la valeur la plus gnrale. Cependant, il est parfois ncessaire de restreindre
39、 une notion un domaine plus troit et de lui donner alors une dfinition plus spcifique. Dautre part, si lon peut assurer la cohrence interne de chaque partie prise individuellement, la cohrence des diverses parties entre elles est plus difficile atteindre. Le lecteur ne doit pas sen tonner : la dynam
40、ique des langues et les problmes de ltablissement et de la rvision des normes de vocabulaire peuvent tre lorigine de quelques rptitions ou contradictions entre des parties qui ne sont pas toutes prpares et publies simultanment. vii Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by
41、 IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/11/2007 06:07:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2382 PT+L 93 m 4844893 054b324 479 m ISOIIEC 2382-1 : 1993 (EIF) viii OISO/I EC Copyright International Organization for Standardiza
42、tion Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/11/2007 06:07:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2382 PT*1 93 4844891 O546325 305 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISOIIEC 2382-1 : 1993 (UF) NORME INTERNATIONALE ISoAEC ISOIC
43、EI 2382-1 : 1993 (UF) Information technology - Vocabulary - Part I: Fundamental terms Section 1: General 1.1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 2382 is intended to facilitate international communication in information technology. It presents, in two languages, terms and definitions of selected concepts rele
44、vant to the field of information technology and identifies relationships among the entries. In order to facilitate their translation into other languages, the definitions are drafted so as to avoid, as far as possible, any peculiarity attached to a language. This part of ISOAEC 2382 deals with the m
45、ost important concepts on which are based the further specialized sections in various technical fields, as well as the essential terms which should be used by nonspecialist users in communication with specialists in information processing. 1.2 Normative references The following standards contain pro
46、visions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISOIIEC 2382. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision,and parties to agreements based on this part of ISOIIEC 2382 are encouraged to investigate the possi
47、bility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 1087 : 1990, Terminology - Vocabulary IS0 3166 : 1988, Codes for the representation of names of countries. Technologies de linformation - Vocabulaire - Partie I: Termes fondamentaux Section I : Gnralits I .I Domaine dapplication La prsente partie de IISO/CEI 2382 a pour objet de faciliter les changes internationaux dans le domaine des technologies de linformation. A cet effet, elle prsente un ensemble bilingue de ter