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1、 Reference number ISO 25177:2008(E) ISO 2008 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25177 First edition 2008-11-15 Soil quality Field soil description Qualit du sol Description du sol sur le terrain Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing C
2、o/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 01:45:38 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 25177:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be ed
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7、copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 01:45:38 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted witho
8、ut license from IHS -,-,- ISO 25177:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword. v Introduction. vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 General references . 1 3.1 Site/profile numbers. 1 3.2 Location. 1 3.3 Geographical coordinates . 2 3.4 Date of observation 2 3.5 Author and
9、 organization 2 4 Profile environment 2 4.1 Previous precipitation 2 4.2 Land use at plot level (checked by detailed field survey) 3 4.3 Type of cultivation or vegetation or human utilization (at the plot level). 3 4.4 Geomorphology of the site 4 4.5 Slope length (in metres). 4 4.6 Slope value 4 4.7
10、 Orientation (aspect) of the slope. 4 4.8 Nature of the parent material. 4 4.8.1 Modified or artificial material. 4 4.8.2 Natural material. 4 4.9 Presence and depth of water table . 5 4.9.1 General. 5 4.9.2 Depth 5 4.9.3 Minimum depth of water table. 5 4.9.4 Maximum depth of water table 5 4.9.5 Natu
11、re of the water . 6 5 Surface appearance 6 5.1 Percentage of land surface occupied by rock outcrops or surface exposures of “non-natural” material (e.g. on an industrial site) 6 5.2 Evidence of erosion 6 6 General designation Soil type 7 6.1 General. 7 6.2 Type of soil classification used. 7 6.3 Soi
12、l type with reference to the soil classification used 7 6.4 Type of horizon designation used 7 6.5 Sequence of horizons. 7 7 Horizon or layer description 8 7.1 General. 8 7.2 Horizon or layer number 8 7.3 Depth 8 7.4 Estimation of moisture status . 8 7.5 Colour of the horizon or layer matrix 9 7.6 M
13、ottles . 9 7.6.1 General. 9 7.6.2 Abundance 9 7.6.3 Colour 10 7.7 Estimated organic matter content. 10 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 01:45:38 MSTNo reproduction or networking pe
14、rmitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 25177:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reserved 7.8 Texture .10 7.8.1 Description of texture diagram10 7.8.2 Estimation10 7.9 Coarse elements .10 7.9.1 General.10 7.9.2 Abundance (in percent volume fraction)10 7.9.3 Maximum size of the most frequently observe
15、d coarse elements 11 7.9.4 Nature.11 7.10 Carbonates and effervescence11 7.10.1 Intensity of effervescence11 7.10.2 Location of effervescence12 7.11 Main categories of structure12 7.12 Compactness.13 7.13 Total estimated porosity.13 7.14 Roots14 7.14.1 Size (diameter) of most frequently observed roo
16、ts.14 7.14.2 Abundance.14 7.15 Density of worm channels (usually an average over a number of square decimetres) 14 7.16 Nature of lower horizon boundary 14 Annex A (informative) Charts for estimating proportions of mottles, coarse elements, etc16 Annex B (informative) Reference soil groups of the Wo
17、rld Reference Base for soil resources (FAO, ISRIC and ISSS, 2006).17 Annex C (informative) Soil horizon designation Example of the FAO System (2006)23 Annex D (informative) Examples of texture diagrams28 Annex E (informative) Determination of soil texture in the field31 Annex F (informative) Some ty
18、pes of soil structure .34 Bibliography .35 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 01:45:38 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 25177:2008(E) ISO
19、 2008 All rights reserved v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body intereste
20、d in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Com
21、mission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the techni
22、cal committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO sh
23、all not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 25177 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 1, Evaluation of criteria, terminology and codification. This first edition of ISO 25177 cancels and replaces ISO 11259:1998, which has b
24、een technically revised. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 01:45:38 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 25177:2008(E) vi ISO 2008 All right
25、s reserved Introduction Traditionally, descriptions of soils and their environment were carried out as parts of soil survey and soil inventories, the purpose of which was to describe the pedogenetic context of the soil and assess applied aspects, principally agronomic potentials. Today, many soil ob
26、servations are made as part of much wider environmental studies, and include analysis for objectives such as the following: the identification of human influences on the soils, particular attention being paid to the negative effects of these influences (for example, pollution and physical deteriorat
27、ion); land protection within the context of “sustainable” agriculture; the prediction of the fate of contaminants introduced into the soil; the assessment of the consequences resulting from changes in the use of the soil; setting up monitoring programmes for specific purposes (observation of changes
28、 of soil properties in time); the development of spatial data bases (used in the context of GIS) aimed at facilitating the geographical representation of these; many other uses. Therefore, this International Standard is based on aspects of the traditional approach to soil description for example, th
29、e Guidelines for soil description FAO ROME (2006). The descriptions of soils and sites alone are not sufficient. Field and laboratory measurements, whether physical, chemical or biological, must accompany this description. Care must be taken in the specification of sites and in the methods of sampli
30、ng and the number of samples. It is therefore imperative that this International Standard be considered in the context of other International Standards developed within the framework of ISO/TC 190, Soil quality. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license w
31、ith ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 01:45:38 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25177:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1 Soil quality Field soil description 1 Scope This International Standard is a gui
32、de for describing the soil and its environmental context at a given site. Sites can be natural, near-natural, urban or industrial. It is important to realize that a number of soil samples can be taken at a site to support the soil description. The information provided by the descriptions in this Int
33、ernational Standard provides the context for the presentation of results from analyses undertaken on soil samples. NOTE 1 It might not be possible or necessary to record data under all the headings listed in these descriptions. NOTE 2 Overall guidance for presentation of information from soil survey
34、s is given in ISO 15903. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. I
35、SO 3166-1:2006, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Part 1: Country codes ISO 3166-2:2007, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Part 2: Country subdivision code ISO 14688-2:2004, Geotechnical investigation and testing Identif
36、ication and classification of soil Part 2: Principles for a classification 3 General references 3.1 Site/profile numbers Profile number Survey number or code 3.2 Location Country Country codes according to ISO 3166-1 and ISO 3166-2 shall be used. For historical research, designations according to IS
37、O 3166-3 should be considered, when necessary. Administrative division To be adapted according to the country: (provinces, states, regions, departments, towns, etc.), both uncoded and coded. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boei
38、ng Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 01:45:38 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 25177:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3.3 Geographical coordinates Type of geographical reference system (degrees, Lambert, national reference grid) Position with
39、in the geographical reference system (longitude in deg/min/s, latitude in deg/min/s) Altitude (in metres) 3.4 Date of observation Year Month Day Time 3.5 Author and organization Authors name Accreditation Name of organization Department Address Telephone Fax number E-mail address 4 Profile environme
40、nt 4.1 Previous precipitation 0 No precipitation within the last month 1 No precipitation within the last week 2 No precipitation within the last three days 3 Rainy but no intense precipitation within the last three days 4 Moderate rain for several days or intense rainfall the day before the observa
41、tion 5 Extreme precipitation or snow melt or inundation just before the observation 6 Not recorded Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 01:45:38 MSTNo reproduction or networking permit
42、ted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 25177:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3 4.2 Land use at plot level (checked by detailed field survey) 01 Buildings and industrial infrastructures 02 Mining site (current or past) 03 Metal processing sites 04 Chemical processing sites 05 Oil and gas product
43、ion sites 06 Metal manufacturing sites 07 Food processing sites 08 Waste disposal sites 09 Cultivated lands 10 Horticulture 11 Grazing 12 Orchards, fruit plantations or grapevines 13 Forest, woodlands 14 Mixed land use (agroforestry or agropastoral) 15 Gathering/hunting-fishing (exploitation of natu
44、ral vegetation, hunting or fishing) 16 Nature protection (for example, nature reserve, protected area, erosion control by terracing) 17 Wetland (for example, marsh, swamp, mangrove, etc.) 18 Snow or ice cover 19 Bare rock or rocky surface 20 Natural lands 21 Natural grasslands 22 Recreation land 23
45、Other type of unutilized and unmanaged site 4.3 Type of cultivation or vegetation or human utilization (at the plot level) Be as clear and precise as possible. For cultivated plants, it may be interesting to note the variety, when known. EXAMPLE Grazing (natural meadow, planted grassland); metal pro
46、cessing (ferrous, non-ferrous); mining site (iron, deep coal, open-cast coal); cultivated lands (maize, oats, rice); horticulture (flowers, vegetables). Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31
47、/2009 01:45:38 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 25177:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 4.4 Geomorphology of the site The position of the site in the landscape The geomorphology of the immediate surroundings of the site (scale: 0,1 km) 4.5 Slope leng
48、th (in metres) When flat, note 0 (zero). 4.6 Slope value The average slope value is measured in the vicinity of the soil pit (flat = 0). Slope may be expressed in percent or degrees: slope value, in percent; slope value, in degrees. 4.7 Orientation (aspect) of the slope The orientation of the slope can be expressed in the following ways: a) N-S-E-W NE-SE-NW-SW with VV = v