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1、 Reference number ISO 22241-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22241-2 First edition 2006-10-15 Diesel engines NOx reduction agent AUS 32 Part 2: Test methods Moteurs diesel Agent AUS 32 de rduction des NOx Partie 2: Mthodes dessai ISO 22241-2:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may cont
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4、ameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherw
5、ise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright
6、office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reserved ISO 22241-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1
7、3 Specifications 1 4 Sampling 1 5 Precision and dispute. 2 Annex A (normative) Sampling. 3 Annex B (normative) Determination of urea content by total nitrogen 5 Annex C (normative) Refractive index and determination of urea content by refractive index. 9 Annex D (normative) Determination of alkalini
8、ty 13 Annex E (normative) Determination of biuret content . 16 Annex F (normative) Determination of aldehyde content 21 Annex G (normative) Determination of insoluble matter content by gravimetric method . 25 Annex H (normative) Determination of phosphate content by photometric method 28 Annex I (no
9、rmative) Determination of trace element content (Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ni, Zn) by ICP-OES method 34 Annex J (normative) Determination of identity by FTIR spectrometry method. 40 Annex K (informative) Precision of test methods. 42 Bibliography. 43 ISO 22241-2:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights r
10、eserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for w
11、hich a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
12、 matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are c
13、irculated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held resp
14、onsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 22241-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 5, Engine tests. This first edition cancels and replaces ISO/PAS 22241-2:2005, which has been technically revised. ISO 22241 consists of the following part
15、s, under the general title Diesel engines NOx reduction agent AUS 32: Part 1: Quality requirements Part 2: Test methods The following parts are under preparation: Part 3: Packaging, transportation and storage Part 4: Refilling interface Annexes A to J form a normative part of this International Stan
16、dard. Annex K is for information only. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22241-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1 Diesel engines NOx reduction agent AUS 32 Part 2: Test methods 1 Scope This part of ISO 22241 specifies test methods required for determination of the quality characteristics of the NOx r
17、eduction agent AUS 32 (aqueous urea solution) specified in ISO 22241-1. In the remaining parts of ISO 22241, the term “NOx reduction agent AUS 32” will be abbreviated to “AUS 32”. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For da
18、ted references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 22241-1, Diesel engines NOx reduction agent AUS 32 Part 1: Quality requirements ISO 3675, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products Labora
19、tory determination of density Hydrometer method ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods ISO 4259, Petroleum products Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test ISO 12185, Crude petroleum and petroleum products Determination of
20、density Oscillating U-tube method 3 Specifications Compliance with the limits specified in Table 1 of ISO 22241-1 shall be determined by the test methods specified in Annexes B through J of this part of ISO 22241. Determination of the density shall be conducted in accordance with ISO 3675 or ISO 121
21、85. NOTE For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction of a material respectively. 4 Sampling Samples shall be taken in accordance with Annex A. ISO 22241-2:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved 5 P
22、recision and dispute 5.1 General All test methods referred to in this part of ISO 22241 include a precision statement according to ISO 4259. In cases of dispute, the procedures described in ISO 4259 shall be used for resolving the dispute, and interpretation of the results based on the test method p
23、recision shall be used. The precision of the test method, as determined by statistical examination in accordance with ISO 4259, is specified in each annex. Additionally, this information is summarized in Annex K for all test methods for the convenience of the user of this part of ISO 22241. The stat
24、istical significance of the precision quoted in this part of ISO 22241 is generically defined in 5.2 and 5.3, in which the “xx (unit)” stands for the repeatability and reproducibility in question. 5.2 Repeatability, r The difference between two test results obtained by the same operator with the sam
25、e apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed xx (unit) in only one case in 20. 5.3 Reproducibility, R The difference between two single and independent test results obtained by differ
26、ent operators working in different laboratories on identical test material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed xx (unit) in only one case in 20. -,-,- ISO 22241-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3 Annex A (normative) Sampling A.1 General The sa
27、mpling method specified in this annex is valid for each sampling of AUS 32 throughout the supply chain after the shipment from the manufacturers site to the AUS 32 containers of the vehicles. A.2 Principle The limits for the quality characteristics of AUS 32, which are specified in ISO 22241-1, are
28、the representative analytical results that can only be obtained when the sample is protected from any contamination before the analysis. Therefore, suitable bottles shall be used for sampling, which do not contaminate the sample, especially regarding the trace elements, and which minimize the risk o
29、f algae or bacteria growth. NOTE The sampling method specified in this annex is based on ISO 5667-2 and ISO 5667-3. A.3 Possible contaminants During the sampling process, foreign matter may lead to contamination of the sample. Under realistic conditions, the following sources of contamination will p
30、ose a major hazard: residues of process aids used for the production of the sampling bottles; contaminants which have been deposited in the empty bottles during the time they are stored empty; contaminants from the air, i.e. dust or any foreign matter from the surrounding, during the sampling; resid
31、ues of cleaning agents, which have been used for cleaning the sampling equipment and the bottles as well; fuel. A.4 Apparatus A.4.1 Sampling bottles 1000-ml wide neck bottles shall be used. Suited materials for these bottles are HD-polyethylene, HD-polypropylene, polyfluorethylene, polyvinylidenedif
32、luoride and tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalky vinyl ether copolymer (PFA). In case of dispute, PFA bottles should be used. Prior to the first use with AUS 32, the bottles shall be cleaned and finally rinsed with de-ionized water followed by AUS 32. ISO 22241-2:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All rights reserved
33、A.4.2 Labels Each bottle shall be labelled using labels of approximately 10 cm 5 cm. The labels and the writing on these labels shall be resistant to water and to AUS 32. A.5 Sampling The locked wide-neck bottle shall be opened, the cap shall be put down on a clean surface with the opening turned do
34、wnward. After flushing the sampling pipe, the bottle shall be filled completely with AUS 32 from the container. The first filling shall be discarded, and the bottle shall immediately be re-filled with AUS 32 and closed tightly. The label shall be attached to the bottle (see A.4.2). During the fillin
35、g of the sample, maximum care shall be taken that neither dust nor liquid pollutants get into the bottle. The filled bottle should reach the laboratory as soon as possible. During transportation and storage, the sample should be kept at the lowest possible temperature, preferably between 0 C and 15
36、C, and kept away from daylight to prevent growth of algae. It is recommended to conduct the analysis within three weeks in order to take into account possible changes in the ammonia content. A.6 Sample quantity The minimum quantity of sample material depends on the type of analysis conducted. Whenev
37、er possible, make sure that a sufficient volume of sample material is available (recommendation: 1 litre), and at least double that which is required for complete verification of AUS 32 specifications. In case of dispute, a sufficient number of samples shall be taken according to ISO 4259. A.7 Label
38、ling The label should contain the following information: product name; name of the company which owns the sample product 1); address where the sample was taken from 1); manufacturer of the sample product 1); batch or lot number; container from which the sample was taken 1); part of the container whe
39、re the sample was taken from (sampling point) 1); date and time of sampling 1); sample shipment date 1); name and signature of the person who took the sample 1). 1) Mandatory only in cases of dispute. -,-,- ISO 22241-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 5 Annex B (normative) Determination of urea
40、content by total nitrogen B.1 General This annex specifies the procedure for determining the urea content of AUS 32. The method is applicable for the determination of the urea content in the range from 30 % to 35 % (m/m). B.2 Principle The sample is combusted at high temperatures in a stream of oxyg
41、en. Following the reduction of formed nitrogen oxides to elemental nitrogen and removal of any interfering products of combustion, nitrogen is measured with a thermal-conductivity detector. The urea content is calculated from the determined total nitrogen minus the nitrogen content of biuret. B.3 Ap
42、paratus B.3.1 Automatic nitrogen analyser, based on combustion methods. B.3.2 Analytical balance. The accuracy of the balance is a function of the analyser used and the required weighed portions. Resolution should be 0,1 % or better of the weighed portion. B.3.3 Auxiliary devices for sample preparat
43、ion, for example: tweezers with a blunt tip; micro-spatula with a flattened tip; pipette. The pipette is recommended for weighing in and thus does not need to be calibrated. It is important, however, to obtain a good droplet size (small droplets). Fixed-volume pipettes or pipettes with an adjustable
44、 volume in the range from 10 l to 1 000 l or single-trip Pasteur pipettes with a fine tip may also be used. B.3.4 Customary chemically resistant glass. B.4 Chemicals B.4.1 De-ionized water, conductivity less than 0,1 mS/m, according to ISO 3696 grade 2. B.4.2 Auxiliary combustion agent and other equ
45、ipments, appropriate for use with the selected nitrogen analyser. ISO 22241-2:2006(E) 6 ISO 2006 All rights reserved The following materials are merely examples. Other or similar materials may be used as required, depending on the system that is available: tin capsule or similar sample containers; a
46、uxiliary combustion agent, non-nitrogenous, such as saccharose, cellulose; absorbing agent for liquids, non-nitrogenous, such as magnesium oxide. B.4.3 Standard substances for nitrogen determination, preferably with certified nitrogen content. EXAMPLE Suitable standard substances include: ethylenedi
47、amine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), nicotinic acid amide. Low-biuret urea of adequate purity (for example crystalline ultra pure or analytical) or other such standard substances recommended by and available from the equipment manufacturer may also be used. Certified standard substances should be preferre
48、d. NOTE Liquid standard substances (e.g. urea solutions) are not suited for calibration purposes. B.4.4 Oxygen, min. 99,995 % O2. B.4.5 Other ultrapure gases, if required to operate the nitrogen analyser, such as helium, min. 99,996 % He. B.4.6 Other reagents or auxiliary agents, as required by the
49、equipment. B.5 Procedure B.5.1 General The sample should be fully dissolved and free from urea crystals. It may be heated to max. 40 C as required prior to further processing. NOTE Different types of apparatus are available on the market. The resulting various resources and modes of operation are not an object of this part of ISO 22241. Rather, operation should be based o