《ISO-23277-2006.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ISO-23277-2006.pdf（10页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 Reference number ISO 23277:2006(E) ISO 2006 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23277 First edition 2006-10-01 Non-destructive testing of welds Penetrant testing of welds Acceptance levels Contrle non destructif des assemblages souds Contrle par ressuage des soudures Niveaux dacceptation Copyright Internati
2、onal Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 11:16:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 23277:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefa
3、ces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infring
4、ing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimi
5、zed for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no p
6、art of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale
7、 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 N
8、ot for Resale, 04/24/2007 11:16:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 23277:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies)
9、. The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non
10、-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part
11、 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
12、a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 23277 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committe
13、e CEN/TC 121, Welding (as EN 1289:1998 and its Amd.1:2002 and Amd.2:2003), and was adopted, under a special “fast-track procedure”, by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 5, Testing and inspection of welds, in parallel with its approval by the ISO member bodi
14、es. This document constitutes a consolidated version. Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 5 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at http:/www.iso.org. Cop
15、yright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 11:16:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization P
16、rovided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 11:16:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23277:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1 Non-destructive testing of welds Penetran
17、t testing of welds Acceptance levels 1 Scope This International Standard specifies acceptance levels for indications from surface breaking imperfections in metallic welds detected by penetrant testing. The acceptance levels are primarily intended for use during manufacture examination, but where app
18、ropriate they can be used for in-service inspection. The acceptance levels in this International Standard are based on detection capabilities that can be expected when using techniques specified in ISO 3452 and parameters recommended in Annex A. The acceptance levels can be related to welding standa
19、rds, application standards, specifications or codes. Such a relationship is shown in ISO 17635 for ISO 5817 and ISO 10042. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undat
20、ed references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3452, Non-destructive testing Penetrant inspection General principles ISO 3452-2, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials ISO 5817, Welding Fusion-welded join
21、ts in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) Quality levels for imperfections ISO 10042, Welding Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys Quality levels for imperfections ISO 12706, Non-destructive testing Terminology Terms used in penetrant testing ISO 17635, Non-dest
22、ructive testing of welds General rules for fusion welds in metallic materials ISO/TS 18173, Non-destructive testing General terms and definitions EN 1330-2, Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 2: Terms common to the non-destructive testing methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of thi
23、s document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 18173, EN 1330-2 and ISO 12706 and the following apply. 3.1 linear indication indication having a length greater than three times its width Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=D
24、efense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 11:16:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 23277:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3.2 non-linear indication indication having a length less than or equal to three times its width 4 Testing param
25、eters 4.1 General Many parameters, either individually or in combination, will affect the shape and size of a penetrant indication produced by a weld imperfection. The following items are significant factors that will affect the shape and size of indications. 4.2 Sensitivity Penetrant materials are
26、classified in accordance with ISO 3452-2, including a sensitivity level which relates to the ability to detect small imperfections. Generally higher sensitivity materials should be used for the detection of small imperfections. 4.3 Surface condition Surface condition is directly related to the minim
27、um detectable imperfection size. Best results are normally achieved when inspecting smooth surfaces. Surface roughness or irregularities (e. g. undercut, spatter) can cause high background and non-relevant indications resulting in a low probability of detection for small imperfections. 4.4 Process a
28、nd technique Penetrant systems and techniques should be selected according to the test surface condition. In some cases the choice will have a direct effect on the limits of reliable detection, for example the removal of excess penetrant by swab cleaning on rough surfaces is not recommended when see
29、king small imperfections. Guidance on these matters is given in Annex A and in ISO 3452. 5 Acceptance levels 5.1 General The width of the test surface shall include the weld metal and the adjacent parent metal up to a distance of 10 mm on each side. Indications produced by penetrant testing do not u
30、sually display the same size and shape characteristics as the imperfection causing that indication. For the purposes of this standard, it is the size of the indication which should be assessed against the values shown in Table 1. Acceptance levels prescribed for linear indications are those correspo
31、nding to the evaluation level. Indications lower than this shall not be taken into account. Normally, acceptable indications shall not be recorded. Local grinding may be used to improve the classification of all or part of a test surface when it is required to work to a higher detection limit than t
32、hat recommended by the existing weld surface condition in Table A.1. Acceptance levels for welds in metallic materials are given in Table 1. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/20
33、07 11:16:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 23277:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3 Table 1 Acceptance levels for indications Dimensions in millimetres Acceptance level a Type of indication 1 2 3 Linear indication l = length of indication l u 2 l u
34、4 l u 8 Non-linear indication d = major axis dimension d u 4 d u 6 d u 8 a Acceptance levels 2 and 3 may be specified with a suffix “X“ which denotes that all linear indications detected shall be evaluated to level 1. However the probability of detection of indications smaller than those denoted by
35、the original acceptance level can be low. 5.2 Evaluation of indications Initial evaluation shall be carried out as described in ISO 3452 and final evaluation of indication size shall be carried out after a designated minimum development time has elapsed, and before the indication has degenerated suc
36、h that it no longer represents the causing imperfection. 5.3 Grouped indications Any adjacent indications separated by less than the major dimension of the smaller shall be assessed as a single, continuous indication. Grouped indications shall be evaluated in accordance with an application standard.
37、 5.4 Removal of imperfections Where the product specification permits, local grinding may be used to reduce or remove imperfections which are the cause of unacceptable indications. All such areas shall be re-tested and evaluated with the same penetrant system and technique. Copyright International O
38、rganization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 11:16:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 23277:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All rights reserved Annex A (informative) Recommend
39、ed testing parameters The recommended parameters for reliable detection of small imperfections are given in Table A.1. Table A.1 Recommended testing parameters Acceptance level Surface condition Type of penetrant system 1 Fine surface a Fluorescent penetrant system, normal sensitivity or higher to I
40、SO 3452-2. Colour contrast penetrant, high sensitivity to ISO 3452-2 2 Smooth surface b Any 3 General surface c Any a The weld cap and parent material offer smooth clean surfaces with negligible undercut, rippling and spatter. The surface finish is typical of welds made by automatic TIG-welding, sub
41、merged arc welding (fully mechanized) and manual metal arc welding process using iron powder electrodes. b The weld cap and parent material offer reasonably smooth surfaces with minimal undercut, rippling and spatter. The surface finish is typical of welds made by manual metal arc welding vertical d
42、ownwards and MAG welding using argon rich gas for the capping runs. c The weld cap and parent material are in the as-welded condition. The surface finish is typical of welds produced by the manual metal arc and MAG welding processes in any position. Copyright International Organization for Standardi
43、zation Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 11:16:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=
44、Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 11:16:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 23277:2006(E) ICS 25.160.40 Price based on 4 pages ISO 2006 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Defense Supply Ctr/9960866100 Not for Resale, 04/24/2007 11:16:57 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-